7.
Measure the divisions of vertical deflection
from
peak
to
peak. Make sure the
VARIABLE
VOLTS/DIV
control
is
in
the
CAL
position.
NOTE
This
technique may also
be
used to make measure-
ments
between
two points on
the
waveform
rather
than
peak
to
peak.
8.
Multiply the distance measured
in
step 7
by
the
VOLTS/
DIV
switch setting.
Also
include the attenuation factor of
the probe,
if
any.
Example.
Assume
a peak-to-peak vertical deflection of
4.6 divisions
(see
Fig.
2-15)
using
a
10
X attenuator probe
and a
VOLTS/DIV
switch setting of
.5.
Using
the formula:
Volts
vertic?I
VOLTS/DIV
probe
= deflection X . X attenuation
Peak
to
Peak
(divisions)
setting factor
Substituting
the,
given values:
Volts
Peak
to
Peak = 4.6 X 0.5 V X
10
The
peak-to-peak voltage
is
23
volts.
Position to
center vertical
line
Vertical
deflection
Fig.
2-15.
Measuring
peak-to-peak
voltage
of
a waveform.
Instantaneous
Voltage
Measurements-DC
To
measure the
DC
level
at
a given point
on
a waveform,
use
the following procedure:
1.
Connect the signal
to
either
INPUT
connector.
2.
Set the
MODE
switch
to
display the channel used.
3.
Set the
VOLTS/DIV
switch
to
display about
five
divi-
sions of the waveform.
4.
Set the Input Coupling switch to GND.
5.
Set the A
SWEEP
MODE
switch
to
AUTO
TRIG.
6.
Position the trace
to
the bottom line of the graticule
or other reference
line.
If
the voltage
is
negative
with
respect
to ground, position the trace
to
the top
line
of the graticule.
®
Operating
Instructions-Type
453/R453
Do
not move the vertical
POSITION
control after
this
refer-
ence
line
has been esablished.
NOTE
To
measure a
voltage
level with respect to a
voltage
rather
than
ground,
make
the
following
changes
in
step
6. Set
the
Input Coupling switch
to
DC
and
apply
the
reference
voltage
to
the
IN-
PUT
connector. Then position
the
trace
to
the
ref-
erence
line.
7.
Set the Input Coupling switch
to
DC.
The
ground refer-
ence
line
can be checked
at
any
time
by switching to the
GND position (except when
using
a
DC
reference voltage).
8.
Set the A Triggering controls
to
obtain a stable display.
Set the
TIME/DIV
switch
to
a setting that displays several
cycles of the signal.
9.
Measure the distance
in
divisions between the reference
line
and the point on the waveform
at
which
the
DC
level
is
to
be measured.
For
example,
in
Fig.
2-16
the measure-
ment
is
made between the reference line and point
A.
10.
Establish the polarity of the signal. If the waveform
is
above the reference
line,
the voltage
is
positive; below
the
line,
negative
(when
the
INVERT
switch
is
pushed
in
if
using
Channel
2).
11.
Multiply the distance measured
in
step 9 by the
VOLTS/
DIV
switch setting. Include the attenuation factor of the
probe,
if
any.
Example.
Assume
that the vertical distance measured
is
4.6 divisions (see
Fig.
2-16),
the waveform
is
above the
ref-
erence
line,
using
a lOX attenuator probe and a
VOLTS/
DIV
setting of
2.
Using
the formula:
Instantaneous
Voltage
vertical probe
distance
X polarity X
VOLTS/DIV
X attenuation
(divisions)
setting factor
Substituting the given values:
Instantaneous
=
4
.
6
X +
1
X
2
V
X
10
Voltage
The
instantaneous voltage
is
+92
volts.
Voltage
Comparison Measurements
In
some applications
it
may be necessary
to
establish a
set of deflection factors other than those indicated
by
the
VOLTS/DIV
switch.
This
is
useful
for
comparing signals
to
a reference voltage amplitude.
To
establish a
new
set of
deflection factors based upon a specific reference amplitude,
proceed as follows:
1.
Apply the reference signal of
known
amplitude
to
either
INPUT
conector. Set the
MODE
switch
to
display the channel
used.
Using
the
VOLTS/DIV
switch
and the
VARIABLE
con-
trol, adjust the display
for
an exact number of divisions.
Do
not
move
the
VARIABLE
VOLTS/DIV
control after obtain-
ing
the desired deflection.
2-21
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