-SCS Pulse Card (PGU and PMU) User's Manual  Section 8: Testing 
 
4200A-PMU-900-01 Rev. B March 2023  8-5 
 
 
Figure 155: Fowler-Nordheim tunneling program and erase 
 
 
The following figure shows examples of moving charge using HCI. These conditions are examples 
with approximate voltage values. The pulse width and pulse height will vary depending on device 
structure and process details. 
 
Figure 156: Hot charge injection (HCI) program and erase 
 
 
The flash projects support two methods for switching between the pulse and measure phases of the 
typical flash memory test. 
The first is the typical method, using a switching matrix to route the pulse or DC signals to the DUT. 
Using the switching matrix is more complicated, but provides flexibility for certain tests and test 
structures that use arrays. The second method uses the on-card isolation relays on both the SMUs 
and the pulse cards to configure a simpler setup without the external switching matrix. 
Because both the SMUs and the pulse cards have isolation relays on the cards, you can configure a 
simpler setup without the external switching matrix. The advantage of the simpler setup is lower cost. 
However, the switching matrix provides lower current measurement performance and the flexibility 
necessary for testing arrays of test structures.