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Description
Ethernet-like networks (Ethernet, Ethernet over IP, IEEE802.11 in ap-bridge or bridge mode, WDS,
VLAN) can be connected together using MAC bridges. The bridge feature allows the
interconnection of hosts connected to separate LANs (using EoIP, geographically distributed
networks can be bridged as well if any kind of IP network interconnection exists between them) as
if they were attached to a single LAN. As bridges are transparent, they do not appear in traceroute
list, and no utility can make a distinction between a host working in one LAN and a host working in
another LAN if these LANs are bridged (depending on the way the LANs are interconnected,
latency and data rate between hosts may vary).
Network loops may emerge (intentionally or not) in complex topologies. Without any special
treatment, loops would prevent network from functioning normally, as they would lead to
avalanche-like packet multiplication. Each bridge runs an algorithm which calculates how the loop
can be prevented. STP allows bridges to communicate with each other, so they can negotiate a loop
free topology. All other alternative connections that would otherwise form loops, are put to standby,
so that should the main connection fail, another connection could take its place. This algorithm
exchange configuration messages (BPDU - Bridge Protocol Data Unit) periodically, so that all
bridges would be updated with the newest information about changes in network topology. STP
selects root bridge which is responosible for network reconfiguration, such as blocking and opening
ports of the other bridges. The root bridge is the bridge with lowest bridge ID.
Additional Documents
http://ebtables.sourceforge.net/
Bridge Interface Setup
Home menu level: /interface bridge
Description
To combine a number of networks into one bridge, a bridge interface should be created (later, all
the desired interfaces should be set up as its ports). One MAC address will be assigned to all the
bridged interfaces (the smallest MAC address will be chosen automatically).
Property Description
ageing-time ( time ; default: 5m ) - how long a host information will be kept in the bridge database
arp ( disabled | enabled | proxy-arp | reply-only ; default: enabled ) - Address Resolution Protocol
setting
forward-delay ( time ; default: 15s ) - time which is spent during the initialization phase of the
bridge interface (i.e., after router startup or enabling the interface) in listening/learning state before
Page 158 of 695
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General