OPERATION
Carl Zeiss Illumination and contrast procedures Axio Examiner
58 M60-2-0003 e 05/2012
4 OPERATION
Axio Examiner research microscopes are offered both in a version for manual operation and in a version
equipped with a motor-driven focusing gear.
The basic difference between the two microscope versions is the fact that objective focusing for the
Axio Examiner.Z1 is exclusively motor-driven and operated by using the control system and the keypad.
No opportunity for manual focusing control is provided directly at that microscope.
But all other operator control functions are completely identical between the manual and the motor-
driven microscope.
4.1 Illumination and contrast procedures
4.1.1 Transmitted light bright field according to KÖHLER
(1) General operating principle
Transmitted-light bright-field microscopy is the most common of all optical microscopy procedures since
it allows the quick and easy viewing of high-contrast or stained specimens (e.g., blood films).
In addition to so-called direct beams, indirect ray beams, i.e., beams diffracted and scattered at the
specimen details, are essential for achieving an image as true to the specimen as possible. The higher the
indirect beam proportion (aperture), the higher is the microscopic image's fidelity to the object according
to ABBE.
To make full use of the microscope's and especially of the objective's performance, condenser, luminous-
field diaphragm, and aperture stop should be adjusted according to the rules of KÖHLER's principle of
illumination. These fundamental rules for microscope setting will be described in detail in the following
section on the 4.1.1 (3) "Setting of a transmitted light bright field according to KÖHLER."
(2) Transmitted light-bright field equipment
Every microscope has equipment which allows the performance of the transmitted-light bright-field
procedure.
All condensers available for delivery may be used for transmitted-light bright fields.
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