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IBM Cognos User Manual
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IBM
Cognos
T
ransformer
V
ersion
10.1.1:
User
Guide
251
253
Table of Contents
Default Chapter
3
Table of Contents
3
Introduction
13
Chapter 1. What's New
15
New Features in Version 10.1.1
15
New Features in Version 10.1.0
15
Publishing Cube Groups
15
Deprecated Features in Version 10.1.0
15
Removed Features in Version 10.1.0
15
Powercube Connection (Pcconn) Utility
15
Framework Manager Externalized Queries
16
Chapter 2. Planning Your Model
17
Dimensional Modeling Workflow
17
Analyzing Your Requirements and Source Data
18
Preprocessing Your Data
18
Building a Prototype
20
Refining Your Model
22
Diagnose and Resolve any Design Problems
23
Upgrade an IBM Cognos Series 7 Model
25
Chapter 3. Data Sources for Your Model
27
Techniques for Designing Data Sources
27
Data Source Types
27
IBM Cognos Package or Report
28
Business Viewpoint Studio
32
IBM Infosphere Warehouse Cubing Services
32
TM1 Cubes
33
Impromptu Query Definition File
33
Delimited-Field Text with Column Titles
33
Delimited-Field Text
33
Access Table
34
Access Query
34
Excel Crosstab
34
Excel Database
34
Powerhouse Portable Subfile
35
Fixed-Field Text
35
Fixed Field and Record Without CR LF
35
Designing Successful IBM Cognos Powercubes
35
Conformed Dimensions
35
IBM Cognos Business Keys
36
Member Unique Names
36
Resolving Uniqueness Problems in Your Data Source
37
Creating a Model
38
Creating a Model Using an IBM Cognos Package or Report
39
Creating a Model Using an SAP BW Package
41
Creating a Model Using Other Data Sources
42
Edit Existing Prompts in IBM Cognos Reports and Packages
43
Generate a File of Prompt Values for Use in the Command Line
45
Remove Obsolete Prompts
45
Specifying a Segmenting Prompt for an SAP BW Query
46
Change a Data Source Type
47
Create Dimensions from the Dimension Map Using OLAP and DMR Packages
47
Adding an IBM Cognos Data Source to an Existing Model
48
Add Additional Queries to Existing IBM Cognos Data Sources
49
Adding Other Data Sources to an Existing Model
50
Synchronizing Columns with Your Data Source
51
Synchronizing Columns with Text Data Files or Iqds
52
Connecting to an IQD Data Source
53
Isolation Levels for an IQD Data Source
53
Example - Using an .Iqd File to Access a UNIX Data Source
54
Modify the SQL Query in an IQD Data Source
54
Character Sets Used with Delimited Text Data Sources
55
Named Ranges
55
Example - Specifying Named Ranges for a Multipage Crosstab
55
Example - Specifying a Named Range for a Spreadsheet Database
56
Powerhouse Data Source Parameters
57
Using Multiple Data Sources in Your Model
57
Data Source Scope
58
Control When the Source Data Is Read
60
Defining Columns
61
Troubleshooting Issues Related to Column Names
62
Troubleshooting Issues Related to Date Columns
62
Define Columns in a Fixed-Field Text Data Source
63
Scale Input Values
64
Set the Level of Detail for Dates
65
Specify Monthly or Quarterly Time Arrays
65
Modify Date Categories When Spanning Two Centuries
68
Signons
68
Creating a Data Source Signon
69
Creating an IBM Cognos Signon
70
Chapter 4. Structuring Your Data into Dimensions
71
Autodesign
71
Creating a New Dimension
72
Creating Dimensions in the Dimension Map Using Relational Data Sources
72
Creating Dimensions from the Dimension Map Using OLAP and DMR Packages
72
Define a Calculated Column
73
Example - Using a Calculated Column to Add an Exception Dimension
74
Example - Using a Calculated Column to Support Allocated Measures
74
Adding Levels and Categories to a Dimension
75
Add Source Levels to a Dimension
75
Add Manual Levels to a Dimension
76
Create Categories Manually
77
Creating Calculated Categories
77
Order Categories Within Levels
80
Order Categories Using a Global Preference Setting
81
Create Unbalanced Level Hierarchies Within a Dimension
81
Drill-Down Paths
82
Create an Alternate Drill-Down Path
82
Define a Scenario Dimension and a Cube Opening Level
83
Setting up the Time Dimension
84
Creating the Time Dimension
85
Format Date Values
87
Set up Fiscal Years, Quarters, and Months
88
Set up Calendar and Fiscal Years Within a Single Time Dimension
88
Specify How Weeks Split When Spanning a Higher-Level Time Period
89
Set up Lunar Time Periods
90
Specify How Extra Weeks Get Added to Lunar Years
91
Limit the Range of Dates Included in the Model
91
Set up a Custom Time Dimension
92
Setting up Relative Time Categories
93
Set the Current Period Automatically
94
Set the Current Period Manually
95
Track Changes in a Measure over a Specific Time Period
95
Track Changes in a Measure for a Period-To-Date
96
Track Changes in a Measure over Several Time Periods
97
Track Changes in a Measure in Future Time Periods
98
Track Monthly Performance Measures in Different Time Periods
99
Setting up Special Categories
99
Create a New Special Category
99
Create Special Category Levels
100
Disable Rollup on Special Categories
101
Resolving the Parentage of Orphan Categories
102
Resolve Invalid Date Errors
102
Adjust the Date Range to Encompass Early and Late Dates
103
Set up a Manual Level for Unknown Categories
103
Prevent New Categories from Being Added to a Dimension
104
Verifying Your Model
104
Generating Categories from a Specified Data Source
105
Chapter 5. Modeling Your Key Performance Measures
107
Add a Regular Measure
108
Define a Measure Folder
109
Define a Measure that Counts Categories
109
Define a Calculated Measure
111
Define When Measures Are Calculated
111
Specify How Missing Values Appear
112
Reverse the Sign of Measure Values in Financial Models
113
Cognos Transformer Functions
113
Controlling How Measures Roll up
114
Set a Regular Rollup Function for Measures
115
Create Cubes with External Rollups
116
Set a Time State Rollup Function for Measures
117
Ignore Null and Missing Values in Specified Time State Rollups
119
Set Regular and Time State Rollup Together
120
Consolidation
121
Example - Consolidating Data Using Duplicates Rollup (Sum)
121
Set a Duplicates Rollup Function for Measures
122
Allocating Measures
123
Show the Scope for a Measure
124
Set Dimension Allocation
125
Set Level Allocation
126
Set Category Allocation
127
Suppress Allocation
128
Setting up Currency Conversion
129
Enabling Conversion Using a Base Currency Table
130
Enable Conversion Using a Euro Table
132
Update a Currency Table Manually
135
Chapter 6. Creating Powercubes
137
Create a Single Powercube
137
Create a Cube Group
139
Defining a Time-Based Partitioned Cube
139
Advantages of a Time-Based Partitioned Cube
140
Disadvantages of a Time-Based Partitioned Cube
140
Create a Time-Based Partitioned Cube Group
142
Processing Issues Related to Time-Based Partitioned Cubes
142
Customizing a Time-Based Partitioned Cube
145
Exclude Measures from a Cube
145
Omit Dimensions from a Cube
146
Customizing Cube Content with Views
146
Create a Dimension View
147
Omit Categories Using Suppress
148
Omit Categories Using Cloak
149
Omit Categories Using Exclude
150
Omit Descendant Categories Using Summarize
151
Omit Categories Using Apex
152
Setting up Drill-Through Targets
153
Drill through in IBM Cognos BI
153
Drill through in IBM Cognos Series 7
154
Use Alternate Data Sources for Cube Creation
157
Build a Subset of Your Cube Data for Testing Purposes
157
Update the Powercube Metadata
158
Check Cube Status
158
Chapter 7. Adding Security
161
Powercubes with IBM Cognos Series 7 Security
161
Choosing the Type of Security to be Applied
161
IBM Cognos Security Objects
162
Create Member-Based Security
163
Update Model Security
165
Union of Custom Views
165
Example - Two Custom Views, each with an Apex in the same Dimension
166
Example - Apexed Custom View Cloaked by Another Custom View in the same Dimension
167
Example - Apexed Custom View Excluded by Another Custom View in the same Dimension
167
Example - Union of Two Apexed Custom Views in Different Dimensions
168
Example - Union of Two Multi-Dimensional Apexed Custom Views
168
Example - Union of Excluded Categories in Two Dimensions
169
Examples - Unions of Excluded Categories in the same Dimension
169
Example - Union of Excluded and Cloaked Categories in the same Dimension
170
Example - Union of a Custom Views with Omitted Dimensions
170
Create Password-Protected Cubes
171
Combining Custom Views with Dimension Views
171
Block Total Values for Parent Categories with Excluded Children
172
Upgrade an IBM Cognos Series 7 Secured Powercube
172
Chapter 8. Powercubes in Production Environments
175
Managing Languages and Locales
175
Publishing Powercubes
176
Publishing a Powercube Using the Wizard
177
Publishing a Powercube Using Settings Stored in the Model
179
Creating a Publish Specification to Publish One Powercube
180
Creating a Publish Specification to Publish All Powercubes in the Model
181
Publishing a Cube Group
182
Powercube Load Balancing
182
Maintaining Models and Cubes
183
Source Data Updates
183
Model Updates
183
Cube Updates
184
Automatic Creation of Multifile Cubes
184
Recovering a Failed Model
185
Matching Model and Source Columns
186
Move Categories When Source Data Changes
187
Cleaning up Your Models and Cubes
188
Modifying a Powercube
193
Update Cubes Incrementally
193
Choosing a Partitioning Strategy
194
Updating Published Powercubes and Powercube Connections
200
Copying and Activating a Newer Version of a Published Powercube
201
Activating a Published Powercube Using Pcactivate
203
Chapter 9. Guidelines for Optimizing Production Environments
205
Building Powercubes in UNIX or Linux
205
Guidelines for Model Design, Cube Creation, and System Maintenance Process
206
Setting up Data Sources for UNIX and Linux Cubes
206
Using IBM Cognos Reports to Create a Data Source
207
Adding Security to a UNIX or Linux Cube
208
Controlling Processing with Preference Settings or Environment Variables
208
Preferences
209
Environment Variables
214
Addressing Common UNIX and Linux Processing Problems
214
Checking UNIX and Linux Job Status
214
Scheduling Batch UNIX and Linux Production Jobs
215
Improving Performance in a UNIX Production Environment
215
Performing Incremental Updates on UNIX and Linux
215
Example - Updating a Model Using an MDL Script
215
Example - Restarting a Failed Process from a Checkpoint File
216
Example - Restarting a Failed Process from the Beginning
216
Reducing Build Times for Large Powercubes
216
Multiprocessing with Cognos Transformer Server
217
Memory Allocation
218
Reconfiguration of the Hard Drive
218
Allocating Sufficient Space for the Temporary Files
219
Optimization of the Operating Environment
219
Redistributing Files
220
Optimization of Gateway Settings for IBM Cognos Series 7 Iqds
221
Keeping Model and Cube Sizes Within Practical Limits
221
Using the Log File to Analyze Processing Bottlenecks
222
Appendix A. Command Line Options
223
Command Line Syntax
224
Command Line Options
225
A Option
227
C Option
228
D Option
228
E Option
231
F Option
231
G Option
239
H Option
240
I Option
240
J Option
240
K Option
241
L Option
242
M Option
243
N Option
243
Nologo Option
244
O Option
244
Ox Option
245
P Option
245
R Option
245
S Option
246
T Option
246
U Option
247
V Option
247
X Option
248
Y Options
248
Backward Compatibility
250
Sample Windows Preference Files for IBM Cognos Series 7
250
Sample UNIX and Linux Preference Files for IBM Cognos Series 7
251
Appendix B. Troubleshooting
253
Accessing Error Message Help
253
Known Issues When Modeling in IBM Cognos Transformer
253
BAPI Error Occurs after the Prompt Specification File Edited Manually
253
Unable to Access an IQD Data Source Using a Sybase Database Connection
253
Unable to Use an IQD Created in Framework Manager that Contains an Oracle Stored Procedure
254
Preventing Errors When Model Calculations Use Double Quotation Marks
254
Framework Manager and Transformer May Display Different Locale Session Parameters for some Languages
255
Regular Columns Cannot be Converted to Calculated Columns and Vice Versa
255
Transformer Takes a Long Time to Retrieve Data from an SAP-Based Data Source
255
Categories Missing When Creating a Transformer Model Based on an SAP Query Containing a Manually Created SAP Structure
256
Error Occurs When Creating a Powercube Containing an SAP Unbalanced Hierarchy
256
Rebuilding a Powercube Soon after Publishing Produces a TR0787 Error
256
Using the Cube Group in the Sample Model Employee Expenses.mdl
256
Known Issues When Using Powercubes in the IBM Cognos Studios
257
Not yet Optimized IBM Cognos Powercubes May Open Slowly in IBM Cognos BI
257
Analysis Studio Shows the Wrong Currency Symbol
258
Changes to Decimals in Currency Formats
258
Ragged or Unbalanced Hierarchies Result in Unexpected Behavior
259
Unable to Open the Great Outdoors Sales.mdl Sample Model and Generate Cubes
259
Unable to Publish a Powercube
260
Appendix C. IBM Cognos Transformer Error Messages
261
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Solution for Windows
264
Solution for UNIX or Linux
264
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Matching Model and Source Columns for Text Files or Iqds
283
Matching Model and Source Columns for IBM Cognos Data Sources
284
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Appendix D. Reference
327
Lists
327
The Interface of Cognos Transformer
327
Data Source Viewer and SQL Tab
329
Dimension Map
329
Scope Maps
331
Category Counts
332
Diagrams
332
Allocation Types
334
Category Actions in Diagrams
334
Category Inclusion Settings
336
Date Formats and Functions
337
Default File Locations
339
Cogtr.xml File Settings
340
Global Preference Settings
341
Relative Time Settings
342
Example - Creating Custom Relative Time Periods
343
Powercube Optimization Methods
345
Rollup Functions
345
Special Characters
348
Cognos Transformer Samples
349
Sample Models
350
Sample Powercubes
350
Sample Data Sources
351
Appendix E. Guidelines for Working with SAP BW Data for Use in Transformer
353
Working with SAP BW Data Using a Package in Framework Manager
353
Creating a BW Query in SAP Business Explorer Query Designer
354
Creating a Package in Framework Manager
357
Creating a Model in Cognos Transformer
361
Working with SAP BW Data Using Externalized CSV Files in Framework Manager
363
SAP BW Query Requirements
365
Framework Manager Considerations
366
Building Powercubes from SAP BW Data
367
Appendix F. IBM Cognos Transformer Expression Editor
369
Building Expressions
370
Building an If-Then-Else Calculated Expression
371
Functions
371
Date Functions
372
Numeric Functions
376
Text Functions
381
Aggregate Functions
385
Constants
387
Mathematical, Logical, and String Operators
388
Operators
388
Comparison Operators
389
Notices
391
Glossary
395
Index
399
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IBM Cognos Specifications
General
Brand
IBM
Model
Cognos
Category
Transformer
Language
English
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