71
Now you have all of the instructions required to write simple input-output pro-
grams.
Before we finish with ladder diagram basic and go onto inputting the pro
-
gram
into the PC, let’
s look at logic
block instruction (AND LOAD and OR LOAD),
which are sometimes necessary even with simple diagrams.
4-4-6 Logic Block Instructions
Logic block instructions do not correspond to specific conditions on the ladder
diagram; rather, they describe relationships between logic blocks. The AND
LOAD
instruction logically ANDs the execution conditions produced by two logic
blocks. The OR LOAD instruction logically ORs the execution conditions pro-
duced by two logic blocks.
AND LOAD Although
simple in appearance, the diagram below requires an AND LOAD
in
-
struction.
Instruction
00002
00003
00000
00001
Address Instruction Operands
00000 LD 00000
00001 OR 00001
00002 LD 00002
00003 OR NOT 00003
00004 AND LD ---
The
two
logic blocks are indicated by dotted lines. Studying this example shows
that
an ON execution condition will be produced when: either of the conditions
in
the left logic block is ON (i.e., when either IR 00000 or IR 00001 is ON), and
when
either of the conditions in the right logic block is ON (i.e., when either
IR
00002 is ON or IR 00003 is OFF).
The above ladder diagram cannot, however, be converted to mnemonic code
using
AND and OR instructions alone. If an AND between IR 00002 and the re
-
sults
of an OR between IR 00000 and IR 00001 is attempted, the OR NOT be
-
tween
IR 00002 and IR 00003 is lost and the OR
NOT ends up being an OR NOT
between
just IR 00003 and the result of an AND between IR 00002 and the first
OR.
What we need is a way
to do the OR (NOT)’
s independently and then com
-
bine the results.
To
do this, we can use the LOAD or LOAD NOT instruction in the middle of an
instruction
line. When LOAD or
LOAD NOT is executed in this way
, the current
execution condition is saved in a special buffer and the logic process is re-
started.
T
o combine the results
of the current execution condition with that of a
previous
“unused” execution
condition, an AND LOAD or an OR LOAD instruc
-
tion
is used. Here “LOAD” refers to loading the last unused execution condition.
An unused execution condition
is produced by using the LOAD or LOAD NOT
instruction for any but the first condition on an instruction line.
Basic Ladder Diagrams Section 4-4