4-18
PPC Manual Revision 1
Chapter 4: Operation Monitoring and Control
Description and Tuning of Integral Time
Output = e +
edt
100
P
1
T
1
e : Deviation
T
I
: Integral time
Deviation
Output (%)
Small integral time
P = 100%
Large integral time
Output change due to I action
Output change due to P action
Time
Integral
∫
SP
Time
• If I is too short, long-period oscillation will appear in
the measured temperature.
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