This document provides a technical overview of the S1C17624/604/622/602/621, a 16-bit CMOS single-chip microcontroller from Seiko Epson.
Function Description
The S1C17624/604/622/602/621 is a 16-bit MCU designed for high-speed, low-power operations, featuring a compact design and wide address space. It incorporates an S1C17 CPU core, Flash memory, RAM, and a variety of peripheral modules. These include serial interfaces (UART, SPI, I2C master/slave), various timers (8-bit, 16-bit, PWM), an LCD driver, a power supply voltage booster, an A/D converter, an R/F converter, and a supply voltage detector. The device supports 32 kHz and up to 8.2 MHz oscillator circuits.
The S1C17 CPU core is a Seiko Epson original 16-bit RISC processor with a fixed 16-bit code length. It executes most basic instructions in a single clock cycle and supports extended immediate instructions up to 24 bits. The register set includes eight 24-bit general-purpose registers, two 24-bit special registers, and one 8-bit special register. The memory space extends up to 16M bytes (24-bit address) and utilizes a Harvard architecture with separate 16-bit instruction and 32-bit data buses.
The microcontroller features a robust interrupt controller (ITC) supporting Reset, NMI, and 32 external interrupts, as well as address misaligned and debug interrupts. It allows direct branching from the vector table to interrupt handler routines and programmable software interrupts with specified vector numbers. Power-saving modes like HALT and SLEEP are supported. A coprocessor interface is included for 16-bit × 16-bit multiplication, 16-bit ÷ 16-bit division, and 16-bit × 16-bit + 32-bit multiply and accumulation (MAC) operations.
Important Technical Specifications
- CPU Core: Seiko Epson original 16-bit RISC CPU core S1C17.
- Coprocessor: 16-bit × 16-bit multiplier, 16-bit ÷ 16-bit divider, 16-bit × 16-bit + 32-bit MAC unit.
- Flash Memory: S1C17624/604: 128K bytes; S1C17622/602: 64K bytes; S1C17621: 32K bytes. Erase/program count: 1,000 cycles (min.). Supports read/program protection and on-board programming.
- Embedded RAM: S1C17624/604: 8K bytes; S1C17622/602: 4K bytes; S1C17621: 2K bytes.
- Embedded Display RAM: S1C17624/622: 56 bytes; S1C17604/602: 40 bytes.
- Clock Generator: 3 sources (IOSC/OSC3/OSC1). IOSC: 2.7 MHz (typ.); OSC3: 8.2 MHz (max.) crystal/ceramic; OSC1: 32.768 kHz (typ.) crystal.
- Real-Time Clock (RTC): Included in S1C17624/604, with second, minute, hour, day, days of week, month, and year counters.
- I/O Ports: Max. 47 bits (S1C17624/622) or 36 bits (S1C17604/602/621) general-purpose I/O ports, shared with peripheral I/O.
- Serial Interfaces: 1 channel SPI, 1 channel I2C master (I2CM), 1 channel I2C slave (I2CS), 2 channels UART (IrDA1.0 supported), 1 channel IR remote controller (REMC).
- Timers: 2 channels 8-bit timer (T8F) with fine mode, 3 channels 16-bit timer (T16), 1 channel 16-bit PWM timer (T16E), 2 channels 16-bit PWM timer (T16A2) (S1C17624/604 only), 1 channel 8-bit OSC1 timer (T8OSC1), 1 channel Clock timer (CT), 1 channel Stopwatch timer (SWT), 1 channel Watchdog timer (WDT).
- A/D Converter: 10-bit resolution, successive approximation type, 8 channels (max.).
- R/F Converter: CR oscillation type with 24-bit counter, 2 channels, supports DC/AC-bias resistive/capacitive sensors.
- Supply Voltage Detector (SVD): 15 programmable detection levels (1.8 V to 3.2 V).
- Operating Voltage (VDD): 1.8 V to 3.6 V (normal), 2.7 V to 3.6 V (Flash programming).
- Analog Voltage (AVDD): AVDD = VDD (1.8 V to 3.6 V).
- Operating Temperature: -25°C to 70°C.
- Current Consumption (Typ.): SLEEP: 0.75 µA; HALT (OSC1=32kHz, LCD OFF): 2.3 µA; RUN (OSC1=32kHz): 14 µA; RUN (OSC3=1MHz ceramic): 400 µA.
Usage Features
- Flexible Clocking: The clock generator (CLG) allows selection of system clock source from internal (IOSC) or external (OSC3, OSC1) oscillators. CPU core clock (CCLK) frequency can be divided (1/1 to 1/8) for power saving. Peripheral module clocks (PCLK) can be controlled to reduce consumption.
- Power Management: Supports HALT and SLEEP modes for low power consumption. Internal voltage regulators for VD1 and LCD drive voltages can be controlled via software. Heavy load protection function for stable VD1 and LCD outputs.
- Configurable I/O Ports: General-purpose I/O ports (P) with software-selectable input/output direction, pull-up resistors, and input interface levels (CMOS Schmitt or CMOS). P0 and P1 ports support input interrupts with chattering filters.
- Timers for Diverse Applications: Various timers for periodic interrupts, serial transfer clock generation, event counting, pulse width measurement, and PWM signal generation.
- Real-Time Clock: The RTC module (S1C17624/604 only) provides time and calendar functions with BCD counters, 12/24-hour mode, and 30-second correction. It can generate periodic interrupts.
- A/D Conversion: 10-bit A/D converter with single or multi-channel, one-time or continuous conversion modes, and multiple trigger sources (software, external, timer).
- R/F Conversion: Supports CR oscillation type A/D conversion for resistive and capacitive sensors, with various oscillation modes and interrupt types.
- On-chip Debugger (DBG): Facilitates on-board Flash programming/erasing and program debugging via ICDmini (S5U1C17001H) using three signal wires. Supports up to five hardware PC breaks.
Maintenance Features
- Initial Reset Sources: Supports external #RESET pin, P0 port key-entry reset (software selectable), and Watchdog Timer (software selectable) for system initialization.
- Interrupt Handling: The Interrupt Controller (ITC) manages interrupt requests from peripheral modules, providing priority and level settings. Interrupt flags must be reset in software to prevent recurring interrupts.
- Flash Memory Protection: Write and data-read protection features for 16K-byte Flash memory areas to secure memory contents.
- Register Access Control: Many control registers are write-protected, requiring specific sequences (e.g., writing 0x96 to MISC_PROT) to enable modification, preventing accidental changes.
- Oscillator Stability: Includes oscillation stabilization wait circuits for IOSC and OSC3 oscillators to prevent malfunctions due to unstable clock operations at startup.
- Noise Filtering: Noise filters for RESET and NMI input signals to prevent accidental activation by external noise. I2CM and I2CS modules also include noise filter functions for improved data transfer reliability.
- Watchdog Timer (WDT): Built-in watchdog timer to detect CPU runaway and generate NMI or reset, enhancing system reliability.
- Power Supply Monitoring: Supply Voltage Detector (SVD) monitors VDD and can generate interrupts if voltage drops below a set level.
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