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IBM z13s User Manual

IBM z13s
588 pages
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Redbooks
In partnership with
IBM Academy of Technology
Front cover
IBM z13s Technical Guide
Octavian Lascu
Barbara Sannerud
Cecilia A. De Leon
Edzard Hoogerbrug
Ewerson Palacio
Franco Pinto
Jin J. Yang
John P. Troy
Martin Soellig

Table of Contents

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IBM z13s Specifications

General IconGeneral
RAIMRedundant Array of Independent Memory
Architecturez/Architecture
ProcessorIBM z13
Number of ProcessorsUp to 2
NetworkingOSA-Express, RoCE Express
Security FeaturesIBM Secure Service Container
Clock Speed5 GHz
Max LPARs85
Operating Systemsz/OS, z/VM, z/VSE, Linux on IBM Z
Form Factor19-inch rack-mounted

Summary

Chapter 1. Introducing IBM z13s servers

1.1 Overview of IBM z13s servers

Introduces the z13s server, its features, and core business functions like data processing and I/O infrastructure.

1.2 z13s servers highlights

Reviews key features and functions of z13s servers including processor, memory, I/O, virtualization, and RAS design.

1.3 z13s technical overview

Briefly reviews major elements of z13s servers: models, upgrade paths, frame, CPC drawer, I/O connectivity, subsystem, and Parallel Sysplex coupling.

1.4 Hardware Management Consoles and Support Elements

Discusses HMCs and SEs as appliances providing platform management for z Systems servers, covering enhancements and connectivity.

1.5 IBM z BladeCenter Extension (zBX) Model 004

Describes the zBX Model 004's role in improving infrastructure reliability and managing heterogeneous compute elements in an ensemble.

1.6 IBM z Unified Resource Manager

Explains the integrated management software for ensembles, covering its six management areas like operational controls and hypervisor management.

1.7 IBM Dynamic Partition Manager

Introduces DPM as a new administrative mode for Linux-only CPCs, simplifying hardware and virtual infrastructure management.

1.8 Operating systems and software

Lists supported operating systems for z13s servers and discusses software support, including IBM compilers.

Chapter 2. Central processor complex hardware components

2.1 Frame and drawers

Details the z Systems frames as EIA enclosures, describing the components within the z13s central processor complex (CPC) frame.

2.2 Processor drawer concept

Explains the z13s CPC drawer structure, including SCMs, memory, connectivity, and fanouts.

2.3 Single chip modules

Describes the SCM as a multi-layer substrate module holding PU or SC chips, detailing its physical dimensions and transistor count.

2.4 Memory

Covers memory configurations, including maximum physical memory, RAIM design, DIMM capacities, and memory granularity.

2.5 Reliability, availability, and serviceability

Discusses the RAS strategy and features of z13s servers, focusing on error prevention, detection, recovery, and nondisruptive capabilities.

2.6 Connectivity

Explains connections to PCIe I/O drawers, I/O drawers, Parallel Sysplex InfiniBand, and Integrated Coupling Adapters.

2.7 Model configurations

Details the available models (N10, N20) and PU characterizations (CP, IFL, ICF, zIIP, SAP), including upgrade paths and concurrent PU conversions.

2.8 Power and cooling

Addresses environmental concerns, focusing on energy consumption, power considerations, cooling requirements, and power estimation tools.

2.9 Summary of z13s structure

Provides a summary table of z13s structure aspects, including PU SCMs, CPs, memory sizes, and cache structures.

Chapter 3. Central processor complex system design

3.1 Overview

Provides an evolutionary overview of z13s symmetric multiprocessor (SMP) systems, its RAS features, and design principles.

3.2 Design highlights

Highlights the physical packaging differences from zBC12, modular CPC drawer design, and improvements in instruction execution.

3.3 CPC drawer design

Details the CPC drawer structure, memory controllers, cache levels, and the technology used for high-speed, power-efficient circuits.

3.4 Processor unit design

Explains processor cycle time, design improvements, architectural extensions, and the superscalar processor core with its execution units.

3.5 Processor unit functions

Describes the functions of processor units (PUs) on z13s servers, including characterization and PU pools.

3.6 Memory design

Covers memory subsystem topology, including controllers, DIMMs, and RAIM protection.

3.7 Logical partitioning

Addresses logical partitioning features, including PR/SM, LPAR management, and HiperDispatch.

3.8 Intelligent Resource Director

Introduces IRD for z/OS to optimize processor and channel resource utilization across LPARs.

3.9 Clustering technology

Discusses Parallel Sysplex as clustering technology for z13 and z13s servers, covering coupling links and CFCC.

Chapter 4. Central processor complex I/O system structure

4.1 Introduction to the InfiniBand and PCIe for I/O infrastructure

Introduces the two types of internal I/O infrastructure: InfiniBand and PCIe-based.

4.2 I/O system overview

Lists z13s I/O characteristics and supported features, including concurrent upgrades and dynamic I/O configuration.

4.3 I/O drawer

Describes the I/O drawer's EIA units, I/O feature cards, domains, and connections.

4.4 PCIe I/O drawer

Details the PCIe I/O drawer's attachment to CPC via PCIe bus, its data rate, and the number of supported channels.

4.5 PCIe I/O drawer and I/O drawer offerings

Lists PCIe I/O features and offerings, including FICON Express, OSA-Express, and others.

4.6 Fanouts

Explains fanout cards for connecting I/O subsystem to CPC drawer, supporting ICA SR and InfiniBand coupling links.

4.7 I/O features (cards)

Lists I/O features (cards) with ports for connecting to external devices and networks.

4.8 Connectivity

Discusses connectivity options like FICON, OSA-Express, HiperSockets, SMC-R, SMC-D, and Parallel Sysplex.

4.9 Parallel Sysplex connectivity

Covers Parallel Sysplex technology, coupling links, and CFCC, emphasizing reliability and availability.

Chapter 5. Central processor complex channel subsystem

5.1 Channel subsystem

Addresses concepts of channel subsystem, multiple LCSS, subchannel sets, and technology.

5.2 I/O configuration management

Discusses tools for maintaining and optimizing I/O configuration, including eConfig, HCD, and CMT.

5.3 Channel subsystem summary

Summarizes z13s channel subsystem features like multiple LCSS, subchannel sets, and channel spanning.

Chapter 6. Cryptography

6.1 Cryptography in IBM z13 and z13s servers

Introduces PCI Crypto Express5S, redesigned CPACF, and CCA/EP11 enhancements for compliance.

6.2 Some fundamentals on cryptography

Provides a short introduction to cryptography principles, including protection, authentication, integrity, and non-repudiation.

6.3 Cryptography on IBM z13s servers

Details cryptographic hardware features like CPACF and Crypto Express5S, specialized for cryptographic workloads.

6.4 CP Assist for Cryptographic Functions

Explains CPACF's role in accelerating encryption/decryption and its supported functions.

6.5 Crypto Express5S

Introduces Crypto Express5S as an optional feature for secure programming and hardware environment for crypto processes.

6.6 TKE workstation

Describes TKE workstation for key management functions and its hardware/software requirements.

6.7 Cryptographic functions comparison

Compares cryptographic functions and attributes supported by CPACF, CEX5C, CEX5P, and CEX5A.

6.8 Cryptographic software support

Lists software support levels for cryptographic functions, including z/OS, z/VM, and Linux.

Chapter 7. Software support

7.1 Operating systems summary

Lists minimum operating system levels required for z13s and zBX Model 004.

7.2 Support by operating system

Addresses support for z13s functions by current operating systems like z/OS, z/VM, z/VSE, z/TPF, and Linux.

7.3 Support by function

Addresses operating system support by function, covering single system image, cryptographic support, and others.

7.4 Cryptographic support

Details cryptographic support for CPACF and Crypto Express5S, including software requirements.

Chapter 8. System upgrades

8.1 Upgrade types

Summarizes the types of upgrades available for IBM z13s servers, including permanent and temporary options.

8.2 Concurrent upgrades

Discusses concurrent upgrades for z13s servers, providing extra capacity without server outage.

8.3 Miscellaneous equipment specification upgrades

Covers MES upgrades for processors, memory, I/O, and zBX features for concurrent and permanent capacity growth.

8.4 Permanent upgrade through the CIU facility

Explains ordering, downloading, and applying permanent and temporary upgrades using the CIU facility.

8.5 On/Off Capacity on Demand

Details On/Off CoD for temporarily enabling PUs and unassigned IFLs, and managing capacity settings.

8.6 Capacity for Planned Event

Describes CPE offering for replacement backup capacity for planned downtime events, like server room extensions.

8.7 Capacity BackUp

Explains CBU for reserved emergency backup capacity for unplanned situations and disaster recovery.

8.8 Nondisruptive upgrades

Discusses nondisruptive upgrades for z13s servers, covering concurrent upgrades and avoiding system outages.

8.9 Summary of capacity on-demand offerings

Summarizes capacity on-demand (CoD) infrastructure and offerings for z13s servers, emphasizing flexibility and control.

Chapter 9. Reliability, availability, and serviceability

9.1 The RAS strategy

Outlines the RAS strategy focused on improving availability by reducing planned and unplanned outages through new technology.

9.2 Availability characteristics

Details availability characteristics of z13s servers, including concurrent LIC memory upgrades and EDM.

9.3 RAS functions

Describes RAS functions addressing unscheduled, scheduled, and planned outages, and dynamic configuration tasks.

9.4 Enhanced Driver Maintenance

Explains EDM for reducing planned outages by supporting concurrent LIC Driver updates.

9.5 RAS capability for the HMC and SE

Covers RAS capabilities of HMC and SE, including backup options, RSF, microcode management, and connectivity.

9.6 RAS capability for zBX Model 004

Details RAS capabilities of zBX Model 004, including hardware redundancy and concurrent operations.

9.7 Considerations for PowerHA in zBX environment

Discusses PowerHA SystemMirror for AIX in zBX environment for high availability and automated failover.

9.8 IBM z Advanced Workload Analysis Reporter

Introduces IBM zAware for real-time diagnostics and monitoring, analyzing system logs for anomalies.

9.9 RAS capability for Flash Express

Covers Flash Express RAS capabilities, including pairs installation, RAID configuration, and concurrent firmware upgrades.

Chapter 10. Environmental requirements

10.1 IBM z13s power and cooling

Details power and I/O cabling options for z13s servers, including raised floor and non-raised floor installations.

10.2 IBM z13s physical specifications

Describes the weights and dimensions of z13s servers, including frame configurations and bolt-down kits.

10.3 IBM zBX environmental components

Provides information on environmental components for zBX, including configurations, power supplies, and cooling.

10.4 Energy management

Covers energy management elements, including power estimation, system activity display, and Unified Resource Manager.

Chapter 11. Hardware Management Console and Support Elements

11.1 Introduction to the HMC and SE

Introduces HMC and SE as stand-alone computers for managing z Systems CPCs, LPARs, and providing support applications.

11.2 HMC and SE enhancements and changes

Details HMC application version 2.13.1 and SE driver level 27 enhancements for z13s servers.

11.3 HMC and SE connectivity

Covers HMC and SE network connectivity using Ethernet LANs, including TCP/IP Version 6 support.

11.4 Remote Support Facility

Explains HMC RSF for hardware problem reporting and service, including communication types and security.

11.5 HMC and SE key capabilities

Covers key areas of HMC and SE capabilities, including CPC management, LPAR management, and OS communication.

11.6 HMC in an ensemble

Describes HMC in an ensemble for platform systems management, covering Unified Resource Manager and ensemble topology.

Chapter 12. Performance

12.1 Performance information

Provides estimated capacity ratios for z13s compared to previous servers and discusses workload type variations.

12.2 LSPR workload suite

Explains LSPR capacity tables and software characteristics used for workload identification.

12.3 Fundamental components of workload capacity performance

Examines factors affecting workload capacity performance: instruction path length, complexity, and memory hierarchy.

12.4 Relative nest intensity

Defines RNI as the level of activity to shared caches and memory, influencing workload performance.

12.5 LSPR workload categories based on relative nest intensity

Introduces new workload categories (LOW, AVERAGE, HIGH) based on RNI, similar to past primitives.

12.6 Relating production workloads to LSPR workloads

Discusses techniques used to match production workloads to LSPR workloads and new z/OS workload categories.

12.7 Workload performance variation

Explains expected performance variations across workloads and the impact of memory and cache designs.

Appendix A. IBM z Appliance Container Infrastructure

A.1 What is zACI?

Defines appliance as an integration of OS, middleware, and software components, and introduces the zACI framework.

A.2 Why use zACI?

Explains benefits of zACI frameworks, including reduced team effort and common behaviors for operations.

A.3 IBM z Systems servers and zACI

Details features and advantages of appliances based on zACI framework, including encapsulated OS and remote APIs.

Appendix B. IBM z Systems Advanced Workload Analysis Reporter (IBM zAware)

B.1 Troubleshooting in complex IT environments

Discusses system anomalies and failures in complex IT environments, and the need for effective problem diagnosis.

B.2 Introducing IBM zAware

Introduces IBM zAware as an expert solution for real-time diagnostics, monitoring, and pattern-based message analysis.

B.3 Understanding IBM zAware technology

Explains IBM zAware technology, creating a base model of system behavior by accessing system logs.

B.4 IBM zAware prerequisites

Details hardware and software requirements for IBM zAware, including features and ordering.

Appendix D. Shared Memory Communications

D.1 Shared Memory Communications overview

Briefly describes SMC functionality implemented on IBM z Systems servers for efficient data transfer.

D.2 Shared Memory Communication over RDMA

Covers RoCE exploitation over zEnterprise, explaining RDMA technology and SMC-R protocol.

D.3 Shared Memory Communications - Direct Memory Access

Describes SMC-D functions implemented in IBM z13 and z13s servers, including ISM and vPCI adapter concepts.

Appendix E. IBM Dynamic Partition Manager

E.1 What is IBM Dynamic Partition Manager?

Introduces DPM as a mode of operation for z Systems servers, simplifying virtualization management.

E.2 Why use DPM?

Explains the target customers and benefits of DPM mode, focusing on cloud infrastructure integration and management ease.

E.3 IBM z Systems servers and DPM

Discusses how IBM z Systems servers are virtualized and how DPM utilizes PR/SM for resource management.

E.4 Setting up the DPM environment

Provides a checklist for setting up the DPM environment, including planning and configuration steps.

Appendix F. KVM for IBM z Systems

F.1 Why KVM for IBM z Systems

Highlights benefits of KVM for IBM z Systems, such as cost-effectiveness, simplicity, and leveraging z Systems platform strengths.

F.2 IBM z Systems servers and KVM

Describes IBM z Systems servers and KVM, including virtualization, storage, and network connectivity.

F.3 Managing the KVM for IBM z Systems environment

Explains how to manage KVM environment using OpenStack, virt-manager, or IBM Cloud Manager.

Appendix G. Native Peripheral Component Interconnect Express

G.1 Design of native PCIe I/O adapter management

Introduces native PCIe adapter design, including IFP and resource groups, and management tasks.

G.2 Native PCIe feature plugging rules

Details the rules for installing native PCIe adapters, including maximum numbers and combinations.

G.3 Native PCIe feature definitions

Explains native PCIe adapter definitions like FUNCTION identifier, Virtual Function ID, and Physical network ID.

Appendix H. Flash Express

H.1 Flash Express overview

Provides an overview of Flash Express, its implementation, and benefits for availability and performance.

H.2 Using Flash Express

Explains how to use Flash Express for z/OS paging, memory dumps, and CF partition assignment.

H.3 Security on Flash Express

Covers security aspects of Flash Express, including encryption, key management, and SE/smart card integration.

Appendix I. GDPS Virtual Appliance

I.1 GDPS overview

Provides an overview of GDPS offerings, addressing IT resiliency goals like RPO and RTO.

I.2 Overview of GDPS Virtual Appliance

Discusses GDPS Virtual Appliance as a solution for Linux on z Systems, including its components and positioning.

I.3 GDPS Virtual Appliance recovery scenarios

Presents recovery scenarios for GDPS Virtual Appliance, including planned disk outage, unplanned disk outage, and disaster recovery.

Appendix J. IBM zEnterprise Data Compression Express

J.1 Overview

Describes the growth of data and the need for compression, introducing zEDC Express for hardware acceleration.

J.2 zEDC Express

Details zEDC Express as an optional feature for hardware-based data compression and decompression.

J.3 Software support

Lists software support for zEDC Express functions, including z/OS and Linux distributions.

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