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Texas Instruments Voyage 200 User Manual
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Appendix C: Programmer
’s Guide
953
FIX 9
10
FIX 10
11
FIX 11
12
FIX 12
13
FLOAT
14
FLOAT 1
15
FLOAT 2
16
FLOAT 3
17
FLOAT 4
18
FLOAT 5
19
FLOAT 6
20
FLOAT 7
21
FLOAT 8
22
FLOAT 9
23
FLOAT 10
24
FLOAT 11
25
FLOAT 12
26
Angle
3
RADIAN
1
Parameter/Mode Setting
Strings
952
954
Table of Contents
Important Information
2
USA FCC Information Concerning Radio Frequency Interference
2
Getting Started
4
Initial Start-Up
4
Installing the AAA Batteries
4
Turning on Your Voyage 200 for the First
4
Adjusting the Contrast
5
The Apps Desktop
5
Voyage 200 Apps Desktop
6
Removing and Replacing the Cover Voyage 200
6
Stowing the Cover
7
Turning off the Calculator
8
Voyage 200 Keys
10
Qwerty Keyboard
11
Entering Special Characters
11
Modifier Keys
14
Function Keys
15
Cursor Keys
16
Numeric Keypad
16
Other Important Keys
17
Viewing Mode Settings
20
Changing Mode Settings
21
Using the Catalog to Access Commands
23
Calculator Home Screen
26
About the History Area
28
Interpreting History Information on the Status Line
29
Modifying the History Area
29
Working with Apps
30
Opening Apps
30
Returning to the Apps Desktop from Within an App
32
Selecting an Apps Category
32
Customizing the Apps Categories
34
Open Apps and Split-Screen Status
37
Top-Bottom Split Screen
37
Names of Open Apps
38
Checking Status Information
38
Turning off the Apps Desktop
40
Using the Clock
41
Displaying the Clock Dialog Box
42
Setting the Time
42
Setting the Date
43
Turning off the Clock
47
Using Menus
49
Toolbar Menus
49
Other Menus
50
Selecting Menu Options
50
Selecting Submenu Options
52
Using Dialog Boxes
53
Canceling a Menu
55
Moving Among Toolbar Menus
55
Custom Menu
55
Opening Apps with the Apps Desktop Turned off
58
Using Split Screens
59
Setting Split-Screen Mode
59
Setting the Initial Apps for Split Screen
61
Selecting the Active App
63
Exiting Split-Screen Mode
63
Managing Apps and Operating System (OS) Versions
64
Finding the os Version and Identification (ID) Numbers
65
Deleting an Application
66
Connecting Your Voyage 200 to Other Devices
66
Batteries
67
Important os Download Information
68
Battery Precautions
68
Replacing the AAA (Alkaline) Batteries
69
Previews
70
Performing Computations
70
Showing Computations
70
Finding the Factorial of Numbers
71
Expanding Complex Numbers
71
Finding Prime Factors
72
Finding Roots
72
Expanding Expressions
73
Reducing Expressions
73
Factoring Polynomials
74
Solving Equations
74
Solving Equations with a Domain Constraint
75
Solving Inequalities
75
Finding the Derivative of Functions
76
Finding Implicit Derivatives
76
Finding the Integral of Functions
77
Solving Problems Involving Vectors
77
Log to any Base
78
Converting Angle Measures
78
Symbolic Manipulation
79
Constants and Measurement Units
81
Basic Function Graphing I
85
Basic Function Graphing II
88
Basic Function Graphing III
90
Parametric Graphing
92
Polar Graphing
94
Sequence Graphing
96
3D Graphing
99
Differential Equation Graphing
103
Additional Graphing Topics
108
Tables
110
Split Screens
112
Data/Matrix Editor
115
Statistics and Data Plots
117
Programming
126
Text Operations
130
Numeric Solver
132
Number Bases
134
Memory and Variable Management
136
Archiving a Variable
140
Deleting Variables
142
Operating the Calculator
144
Turning the Calculator on
144
Turning the Calculator off
145
APD (Automatic Power Down)
145
Setting the Display Contrast
146
Adjusting the Display Contrast
146
Contrast Keys
146
When to Replace Batteries
147
The Voyage 200 Keyboard
147
Moving the Cursor
148
Examples of 2Nd and Diamond Modifiers
149
Other Important Keys You Need to be Familiar with
150
Entering Alphabetic Characters
152
Typing Alphabetic Characters on the /Voyage 200
152
For Special Characters
153
Entering a Negative Number
153
Entering a Number in Scientific Notation
154
Entering Expressions and Instructions
155
Definitions
156
Implied Multiplication
157
Parentheses
157
Entering an Expression
158
Entering Multiple Expressions on a Line
160
If an Entry or Answer Is too Long for One Line
160
Continuing a Calculation
161
Stopping a Calculation
162
Formats of Displayed Results
162
Pretty Print Mode
163
Exact/Approx Mode
163
Display Digits Mode
166
Exponential Format Mode
167
Editing an Expression in the Entry Line
168
Removing the Highlight from the Previous Entry
169
Deleting a Character
170
Clearing the Entry Line
170
Inserting or Overtyping a Character
171
Replacing or Deleting Multiple Characters
171
To Highlight Multiple Characters
172
To Replace or Delete the Highlighted Characters
172
Menus
172
Displaying a Menu
173
Selecting an Item from a Menu
174
Items Ending with (Submenus)
174
Items Containing ". . ." (Dialog Boxes)
175
Moving from One Toolbar Menu to Another
176
Example: Selecting a Menu Item
177
Selecting an Application
177
From the Applications Menu
178
From the Apps Desktop
179
From the Keyboard
181
Checking Mode Settings
183
Overview of the Modes
185
Using the Clean up Menu to Start a New Problem
187
Clean up Toolbar Menu
187
Using the Catalog Dialog Box
189
Displaying the Catalog
189
Selecting a Built-In Command from the Catalog
190
Information about Parameters
191
Viewing Catalog Help
192
Selecting a Flash Application Function
192
Selecting a User-Defined Function or Program
193
Storing and Recalling Variable Values
195
Rules for Variable Names
195
Examples
196
Data Types
196
Storing a Value in a Variable
197
Displaying a Variable
197
Using a Variable in an Expression
198
Recalling a Variable's Value
198
Status Line Indicators in the Display
199
Displaying the Calculator Home Screen
203
Parts of the Calculator Home Screen
204
History Area
206
Scrolling through the History Area
206
History Information on the Status Line
207
Saving the Calculator Home Screen Entries as a Text Editor Script
208
Saving the Entries in the History Area
208
Restoring the Saved Entries
209
Cutting, Copying, and Pasting Information
210
Auto-Paste Vs. Cut/Copy/Paste
210
Cutting or Copying Information to the Clipboard
211
Pasting Information from the Clipboard
212
Example: Copying and Pasting
213
Reusing a Previous Entry or the Last Answer
214
Reusing the Expression on the Entry Line
214
Recalling a Previous Entry
216
Recalling the Last Answer
217
Auto-Pasting an Entry or Answer from the History Area
218
Why Use Auto-Paste
219
Auto-Pasting an Entry or Answer
219
Creating and Evaluating User-Defined Functions
220
Format of a Function
221
Creating a User-Defined Function
222
Creating a Multi-Statement Function
222
Evaluating a Function
224
Displaying and Editing a Function Definition
225
If an Entry or Answer Is "Too Big"
226
If There Is Not Enough Memory
227
Using the Custom Menu
228
Turning the Custom Menu on and off
228
Restoring the Default Custom Menu
229
Finding the Software Version and ID Number
230
Displaying the "About" Screen
230
When Do You Need this Information?
231
Using Undefined or Defined Variables
233
How Undefined and Defined Variables Are Treated
233
Determining if a Variable Is Exists
234
Deleting a Defined Variable
236
Temporarily Overriding a Variable
237
Using Exact, Approximate, and Auto Modes
238
Exact Setting
238
Approximate Setting
239
Auto Setting
240
Automatic Simplification
242
Default Simplification Rules
242
How Long Is the Simplification Process?
244
Delayed Simplification for Certain Built-In Functions
245
Functions that Use Delayed Simplification
245
Substituting Values and Setting Constraints
247
Typing the "With" Operator
247
Substituting for a Variable
247
Substituting for a Simple Expression
248
Substituting Complex Values
248
Be Aware of the Limitations of Substitutions
249
Specifying Domain Constraints
251
Using Substitutions Vs. Defining a Variable
252
Overview of the Algebra Menu
253
Common Algebraic Operations
256
Adding or Dividing Polynomials
256
Factoring and Expanding Polynomials
257
Finding Prime Factors of a Number
257
Finding Partial Expansions
258
Solving an Equation
258
Solving a System of Linear Equations
259
Finding the Zeros of an Expression
261
Finding Proper Fractions and Common Denominators
262
Overview of the Calc Menu
263
Common Calculus Operations
265
Integrating and Differentiating
265
Finding a Limit
266
Finding a Taylor Polynomial
267
User-Defined Functions and Symbolic Manipulation
267
For Information about Creating a User-Defined Function
268
Undefined Functions
268
Single-Statement Functions
268
Multi-Statement Vs. Single-Statement Functions
269
If You Get an Out-Of-Memory Error
271
Freeing up Memory
271
Simplifying Problems
272
Special Constants Used in Symbolic Manipulation
273
Undef
276
Entering Constants or Units
277
From a Menu
277
Using Parentheses with Units in a Calculation
280
Converting from One Unit to Another
281
For All Units Except Temperature
281
For Temperature Values
284
For Temperature Ranges
285
Setting the Default Units for Displayed Results
285
If You're Using the si or ENG/US System
286
Setting Custom Defaults
286
What Is the None Default?
287
Creating Your Own User-Defined Units
288
Why Use Your Own Units?
288
Rules for User-Defined Unit Names
289
Defining a Unit
289
List of Pre-Defined Constants and Units
290
Defaults for si and ENG/US
290
Constants
291
Length
292
Area
293
Volume
293
Time
293
Velocity
294
Acceleration
294
Temperature
294
Luminous Intensity
294
Amount of Substance
295
Mass
295
Force
295
Energy
295
Power
296
Pressure
296
Viscosity, Kinematic
296
Viscosity, Dynamic
297
Frequency
297
Electric Current
297
Potential
297
Resistance
298
Capacitance
298
Mag Field Strength
298
Mag Flux Density
298
Magnetic Flux
299
Inductance
299
Basic Function Graphing
300
Overview of Steps in Graphing Functions
300
Exploring the Graph
301
Setting the Graph Mode
301
Graph Mode
302
Angle Mode
303
Checking the Status Line
303
Defining Functions for Graphing
303
Defining a New Function
303
Editing a Function
305
Clearing a Function
305
Shortcuts to Move the Cursor
306
From the Home Screen or a Program
306
Selecting Functions to Graph
307
Selecting or Deselecting Functions
307
Setting the Display Style for a Function
309
Displaying or Changing a Function’s Style
309
If You Use above or below Shading
310
Displaying Window Variables in the Window Editor
311
Changing the Values
312
Changing the Graph Format
313
Displaying Graph Format Settings
313
Changing Settings
314
Graphing the Selected Functions
315
Displaying the Graph Screen
315
Interrupting Graphing
315
If You Need to Change the Viewing Window
316
Smart Graph
316
Displaying Coordinates with the Free-Moving Cursor
317
Tracing a Function
318
Beginning a Trace
319
Moving Along a Function
319
Moving from Function to Function
320
Automatic Panning
321
Using Quickcenter
321
Before/After Using Quickcenter
321
Canceling Trace
322
Using Zooms to Explore a Graph
322
Overview of the Zoom Menu
323
Zooming in with a Zoom Box
325
Zooming in and out on a Point
326
Changing Zoom Factors
326
Saving or Recalling a Viewing Window
327
Restoring the Standard Viewing Window
328
Using Math Tools to Analyze Functions
328
Overview of the Math Menu
329
Finding y(X) at a Specified Point
330
Finding a Zero, Minimum, or Maximum Within an Interval
331
Finding the Intersection of Two Functions Within an Interval
331
Finding the Derivative (Slope) at a Point
332
Finding the Numerical Integral over an Interval
332
Finding an Inflection Point Within an Interval
333
Finding the Distance between Two Points
333
Drawing a Tangent Line
334
Finding an Arc Length
335
Shading the Area between a Function and the X Axis
335
Shading the Area between Two Functions Within an Interval
336
Overview of Steps in Graphing Polar Equations
338
Differences in Polar and Function Graphing
340
Defining Polar Equations on the Y= Editor
340
Selecting the Display Style
341
Window Variables
341
Setting the Graph Format
342
Exploring a Graph
343
Overview of Steps in Graphing Parametric Equations
345
Differences in Parametric and Function Graphing
347
Defining Parametric Equations on the Y= Editor
347
Selecting Parametric Equations
348
Overview of Steps in Graphing Sequences
353
Differences in Sequence and Function Graphing
355
Defining Sequences on the Y= Editor
355
Selecting Sequences
357
Setting Axes for Time, Web, or Custom Plots
362
Displaying the Axes Dialog Box
362
Using Web Plots
363
Valid Functions for Web Plots
363
When You Display the Graph Screen
363
Drawing the Web
364
Example: Convergence
365
Example: Divergence
367
Example: Oscillation
368
Using Custom Plots
369
Example: Predator-Prey Model
370
Using a Sequence to Generate a Table
372
Example: Fibonacci Sequence
372
Overview of Steps in Graphing 3D Equations
374
Graphing 3D Equations
374
Differences in 3D and Function Graphing
376
Defining 3D Equations on the Y= Editor
376
Moving the Cursor in 3D
381
How to Move the Cursor
381
Simple Example of Moving the Cursor
382
Example of the Cursor on a Hidden Surface
383
Example of an "Off the Curve" Cursor
384
Rotating And/Or Elevating the Viewing Angle
385
How the Viewing Angle Is Measured
386
Effect of Changing Eye Theta
387
Effect of Changing Eye Phi
388
Effect of Changing Eye Psi
388
Animating a 3D Graph Interactively
390
The Viewing Orbit
390
Animating the Graph
391
Animating a Series of Graph Pictures
392
Changing the Axes and Style Formats
392
Displaying the Graph Formats Dialog Box
392
Examples of Axes Settings
393
Examples of Style Settings
394
Be Aware of Possible Optical Illusions
394
Contour Plots
395
Selecting the Graph Format Style
396
How Are Z Values Determined?
398
Drawing a Contour for the Z Value of a Selected Point Interactively
399
Drawing Contours for Specified Z Values
400
Notes about Contour Plots
400
Example: Contours of a Complex Modulus Surface
401
Implicit Plots
403
Explicit and Implicit Forms
403
Notes about Implicit Plots
406
Example: Implicit Plot of a more Complicated Equation
406
Overview of Steps in Graphing Differential Equations
409
Differences in Diff Equations and Function Graphing
411
Defining Differential Equations on the Y= Editor
411
Selecting Differential Equations
412
Setting Graph Formats
413
The Fldpic System Variable
418
Setting the Initial Conditions
420
Entering Initial Conditions in the Y= Editor
421
If You Do Not Enter an Initial Condition in the Y= Editor
421
Selecting an Initial Condition Interactively from the Graph Screen
423
Note about Tracing a Solution Curve
424
Defining a System for Higher-Order Equations
425
Transforming an Equation into a 1St-Order System
425
Example of a 2Nd-Order Equation
427
Example of a 3Rd-Order Equation
431
Setting Axes for Time or Custom Plots
434
Example of Time and Custom Axes
435
Predator-Prey Model
436
Example Comparison of RK and Euler
439
Example of the Desolve ( ) Function
444
Troubleshooting with the Fields Graph Format
447
Setting the Fields Graph Format
447
What Order Equation Are You Graphing?
447
Fields=Slpfld
449
Fields=Dirfld
450
Fields=Fldoff
451
If You Use the Table Screen to View Differential Equations
452
Overview of Steps in Generating a Table
454
Exploring the Table
455
Setting up the Table Parameters
455
Displaying the Table Setup Dialog Box
456
Which Setup Parameters to Use
457
Changing the Setup Parameters
457
Displaying an Automatic Table
459
Before You Begin
459
Displaying the Table Screen
459
Changing the Cell Width
461
How Numbers Are Displayed in a Cell
461
If Results Are Complex Numbers
463
Editing a Selected Function
463
If You Want to Change the Setup Parameters
464
Building a Manual (Ask) Table
464
Entering or Editing an Independent Variable Value
465
Entering a List in the Independent Variable Column
466
Adding, Deleting, or Clearing
467
Cell Width and Display Formats
467
Collecting Data Points from a Graph
469
Collecting the Points
469
Notes about Sysdata Variable
470
Graphing a Function Defined on the Home Screen
471
What Is the "Native" Independent Variable?
471
Copying from the Home Screen to the Y= Editor
472
Graphing Directly from the Home Screen
473
Clearing the Graph Screen
474
Extra Benefits of User-Defined Functions
475
Graphing a Piecewise Defined Function
475
Using the When Function
476
Using a Multi-Statement, User-Defined Function
477
Graphing a Family of Curves
479
Examples Using the Y= Editor
480
Example Using the Graph Command
480
Simultaneous Graphs with Lists
481
When Tracing a Family of Curves
481
Using the Two-Graph Mode
482
Setting the Mode
482
The Two-Graph Screen
483
Independent Graph-Related Features
484
The Y= Editor in Two-Graph Mode
485
Using a Split Screen
486
Remember that the Two Sides Are Independent
486
Drawing a Function or Inverse on a Graph
487
Drawing a Function, Parametric, or Polar Equation
488
Drawing the Inverse of a Function
489
Drawing a Line, Circle, or Text Label on a Graph
490
Clearing All Drawings
490
Drawing a Point or a Freehand Line
491
Erasing Individual Parts of a Drawing Object
492
Drawing a Line between Two Points
492
Drawing a Circle
493
Drawing a Horizontal or Vertical Line
494
Drawing a Line Based on a Point and a Slope
495
Typing Text Labels
496
Saving and Opening a Picture of a Graph
497
Saving a Picture of the Whole Graph Screen
497
Saving a Portion of the Graph Screen
498
Opening a Graph Picture
499
For Pictures Saved from a Portion of the Graph Screen
499
Deleting a Graph Picture
500
From a Program or the Home Screen
500
Cyclepic Command
500
Saving and Opening a Graph Database
503
Elements in a Graph Database
503
Saving the Current Graph Database
504
Opening a Graph Database
504
Deleting a Graph Database
505
Setting and Exiting the Split Screen Mode
506
Setting the Split Screen Mode
506
Setting the Initial Applications
507
Other Modes that Affect a Split Screen
508
Split Screens and Pixel Coordinates
508
Exiting the Split Screen Mode
509
When You Turn off the Calculator
510
Split-Screen Status Indicators on the Apps Desktop
510
Selecting the Active Application
512
Switching between Applications
513
Opening a Different Application
513
Using 2Nd QUIT to Display the Home Screen
514
When Using a Top-Bottom Split
514
Overview of List, Data, and Matrix Variables
516
List Variable
516
Data Variable
517
Matrix Variable
519
Starting a Data/Matrix Editor Session
520
Creating a New Data, Matrix, or List Variable
520
Using the Current Variable
521
Creating a New Variable from the Data/Matrix Editor
522
Opening Another Variable
522
Deleting a Variable
523
Entering and Viewing Cell Values
523
The Data/Matrix Editor Screen
523
Entering or Editing a Value in a Cell
524
Scrolling through the Editor
525
How Rows and Columns Are Filled Automatically
525
Clearing a Column or All Columns
528
Defining a Column Header with an Expression
528
Entering a Header Definition
528
Clearing a Header Definition
531
Using an Existing List as a Column
531
To Fill a Matrix with a List
532
The Auto-Calculate Feature
532
Using Shift and Cumsum Functions in a Column Header
533
Using the Shift Function
534
Using the Cumsum Function
535
Sorting Columns
535
Sorting a Single Column
536
Sorting All Columns Based on a "Key" Column
536
Saving a Copy of a List, Data, or Matrix Variable
537
Valid Copy Types
538
Procedure
538
To Copy a Data Column to a List
539
Overview of Steps in Statistical Analysis
540
Performing a Statistical Calculation
541
The Calculate Dialog Box
541
From the Data/Matrix Editor
542
Redisplaying the Stat Vars Screen
544
Statistical Calculation Types
545
Selecting the Calculation Type
545
Statistical Variables
548
Calculated Variables
548
Defining a Statistical Plot
550
Selecting or Deselecting a Plot
553
Copying a Plot Definition
554
Clearing a Plot Definition
554
Statistical Plot Types
554
Scatter
555
XY Line
555
Box Plot
556
Histogram
557
Using the Y= Editor with Stat Plots
558
Showing the List of Stat Plots
559
To Graph Plots and Y= Functions
560
Graphing and Tracing a Defined Stat Plot
560
Defining the Viewing Window
561
Tracing a Stat Plot
562
Using Frequencies and Categories
563
Example of a Frequency Column
563
Example of a Category Column
565
If You Have a CBL 2 or CBR
568
How CBL 2 Data Is Stored
568
Referring to the CBL 2 Lists
569
Creating a Data Variable with the CBL 2 Lists
569
Cbr
571
Running an Existing Program
572
Running a Program
572
"Breaking" a Program
573
Where Is the Output Displayed?
574
The Program I/O Screen
574
Leaving the Program I/O Screen
575
Starting a Program Editor Session
576
Starting a New Program or Function
576
Resuming the Current Program
577
Starting a New Program from the Program Editor
578
Opening a Previous Program
578
Copying a Program
579
Note about Deleting a Program
579
Overview of Entering a Program
579
Entering and Editing Program Lines
580
Entering Multi- Command Lines
580
Entering Comments
581
Controlling the Flow of a Program
581
Using Indentation
582
Displaying Calculated Results
582
Getting Values into a Program
583
Example of Passing Values to a Program
584
Overview of Entering a Function
585
Why Create a User-Defined Function?
585
Differences between Functions and Programs
586
Entering a Function
587
How to Return a Value from a Function
588
Example of a Function
589
Calling One Program from Another
590
Calling a Separate Program
591
Calling an Internal Subroutine
591
Notes about Using Subroutines
592
Using Variables in a Program
593
Scope of Variables
593
Circular Definition Errors
595
Variable-Related Commands and Functions
596
Using Local Variables in Functions or Programs
597
Example of a Local Variable
598
What Causes an Undefined Variable Error Message?
598
You Must Initialize Local Variables
599
To Perform Symbolic Calculations
600
String Operations
600
How Strings Are Used
601
String Commands
602
Conditional Tests
603
Entering a Test Operator
604
Relational Tests
604
Boolean Tests
605
The Not Function
605
Using If, Lbl, and Goto to Control Program Flow
606
F2 Control Toolbar Menu
606
If Command
607
If...then...endif Structures
607
If...then...else... Endif Structures
608
If...then...elseif... Endif Structures
608
Lbl and Goto Commands
609
Using Loops to Repeat a Group of Commands
610
For...endfor Loops
611
While...endwhile Loops
613
Loop...endloop Loops
614
Repeating a Loop Immediately
616
Lbl and Goto Loops
616
Configuring the Voyage 200
616
Configuration Commands
617
Entering the Setmode Command
617
Getting Input from the User and Displaying Output
618
F3 I/O Toolbar Menu
619
Input Commands
619
Output Commands
620
Graphical User Interface Commands
621
Creating a Custom Menu
622
Defining a Custom Menu
624
Creating a Table or Graph
627
Table Commands
627
Graphing Commands
627
Graph Picture and Database Commands
628
Drawing on the Graph Screen
629
Pixel Vs. Point Coordinates
629
Erasing Drawn Objects
630
Drawing a Point or Pixel
631
Drawing Lines and Circles
631
Drawing Expressions
632
Accessing Another Voyage 200, a CBL 2, or a CBR
632
Accessing Another Voyage 200
633
Accessing a CBL 2 or CBR
634
Debugging Programs and Handling Errors
634
Run-Time Errors
635
Debugging Techniques
635
Error-Handling Commands
636
Example: Using Alternative Approaches
636
Where to Get Assembly-Language Programs
641
Note about TI-GRAPH LINK
641
Running an Assembly-Language Program
642
Shortcuts to Run a Program
642
You Cannot Edit an Assembly-Language Program
643
Displaying a List of Assembly-Language Programs
643
For Information about Writing an Assembly-Language Program
644
Starting a Text Editor Session
645
Starting a New Session
645
Resuming the Current Session
646
Starting a New Session from the Text Editor
647
Opening a Previous Session
647
Copying a Session
648
Note about Deleting a Session
648
Entering and Editing Text
648
Typing Text
649
Typing Alphabetic Characters
650
Deleting Characters
651
Highlighting Text
651
Replacing or Deleting Highlighted Text
652
Cutting, Copying, and Pasting Text
652
Finding Text
653
Clearing the Text Editor
655
Selecting Characters from the CHAR Menu
655
Displaying the Keyboard Map
656
Typing Special Symbols from the Keyboard
657
Typing Accent Marks from the Voyage 200 Keyboard
658
Typing Greek Letters from the Keyboard
659
For a List of All Special Characters
660
Entering and Executing a Command Script
660
Inserting a Command Mark
660
Deleting a Command Mark
661
Executing a Command
662
Splitting the Text Editor/Home Screen
662
Creating a Script from Your Home Screen Entries
663
Displaying the Solver and Entering an Equation
665
Displaying the Numeric Solver
665
Recalling Previously Entered Equations
667
Saving Equations for Future Use
668
Opening a Saved Equation
668
Defining the Known Variables
669
Defining the List of Variables
669
Notes and Common Errors
670
Editing the Equation
672
Specifying an Initial Guess And/Or Bounds (Optional)
672
Solving for the Unknown Variable
673
Finding the Solution
673
Graphing the Solution
674
Displaying the Graph
675
How the Graph Affects Various Settings
676
Selecting a New Initial Guess from the Graph
677
Returning to a Full Screen
677
Clearing Variables before Leaving the Numeric Solver
678
Entering and Converting Number Bases
679
Entering a Binary or Hexadecimal Number
679
Converting between Number Bases
680
Alternate Method for Conversions
680
Performing Math Operations with Hex or bin Numbers
681
Setting the Base Mode for Displayed Results
681
Dividing When Base = HEX or bin
682
Size Limitations When Base = HEX or bin
683
Comparing or Manipulating Bits
683
Rotating and Shifting Bits
685
Checking and Resetting Memory
688
Displaying the Memory Screen
688
Resetting the Memory
689
Displaying the VAR-LINK Screen
690
Variable Types as Listed on VAR-LINK
692
Closing the VAR-LINK Screen
692
Displaying Information about Variables on the Home Screen
693
Manipulating Variables and Folders with VAR-LINK
693
Showing the Contents of a Variable
694
Selecting Items from the List
694
Folders and Variables
695
Creating a Folder from the VAR-LINK Screen
697
Creating a Folder from the Home Screen
697
Setting the Current Folder from the Home Screen
698
Setting the Current Folder from the MODE Dialog Box
698
Renaming Variables or Folders
699
Using Variables in Different Folders
699
Listing Only a Specified Folder And/Or Variable Type, or Flash Application
700
Copying or Moving Variables from One Folder to Another
702
Locking or Unlocking Variables Folders, or Flash Applications
702
Deleting a Folder from the VAR-LINK Screen
703
Deleting a Variable or a Folder from the Home Screen
704
Pasting a Variable Name to an Application
704
Which Applications Can You Use?
704
Archiving and Unarchiving a Variable
706
Why Would You Want to Archive a Variable?
706
From the VAR-LINK Screen
707
If a Garbage Collection Message Is Displayed
708
Responding to the Garbage Collection Message
708
Why Not Perform Garbage Collection Automatically, Without a Message?
709
Why Is Garbage Collection Necessary?
709
How Unarchiving a Variable Affects the Process
710
If the Memory Screen Shows Enough Free Space
711
The Garbage Collection Process
711
Memory Error When Accessing an Archived Variable
712
What Causes the Memory Error?
712
Correcting the Error
713
Connectivity
715
Connecting Two Units
715
Connecting before Sending or Receiving
715
Two Voyage 200 Calculators Linked Together
715
A TI-89 Titanium and a Voyage 200 Linked Together
716
Transmitting Variables, Flash Applications, and Folders
716
Setting up the Units
717
Rules for Transmitting Variables, Flash Applications, or Folders
719
Canceling a Transmission
721
Common Error and Notification Messages
721
Deleting Variables, Flash Applications, or Folders
723
Where to Get Flash Applications (Apps)
724
Transmitting Variables under Program Control
724
The "Chat" Program
725
Running the Program
726
Stopping the Program
727
Upgrading the Operating System (OS)
727
Important Operating System Download Information
728
Backing up Your Unit before an Operating System Installation
728
Where to Get Operating System Upgrades
729
Transferring the Operating System
729
To Transfer the Operating System (OS) from Unit to Unit
730
Do Not Attempt to Cancel an Operating System Transfer
731
If You Are Upgrading the Operating System on Multiple Units
731
Error Messages
731
Collecting and Transmitting ID Lists
732
ID Lists and Group Certificates
732
Collecting ID Lists
733
Clearing the ID List
734
Compatibility Among the TI-89 Titanium, Voyage 200, TI-89, and TI-92 Plus
735
Link Transmission Table
736
Activities
737
Analyzing the Pole-Corner Problem
737
Maximum Length of Pole in Hallway
737
Deriving the Quadratic Formula
739
Performing Computations to Derive the Quadratic Formula
740
Exploring a Matrix
742
Exploring a 3X3 Matrix
743
Exploring Cos(X) = sin(X)
744
Method 1: Graph Plot
744
Method 2: Symbolic Manipulation
745
Finding Minimum Surface Area of a Parallelepiped
746
Exploring a 3D Graph of the Surface Area of a Parallelepiped
746
Finding the Minimum Surface Area Analytically
747
Running a Tutorial Script Using the Text Editor
748
Decomposing a Rational Function
750
Studying Statistics: Filtering Data by Categories
753
Filtering Data by Categories
754
CBL 2 Program for the Voyage 200
757
Studying the Flight of a Hit Baseball
759
Setting up a Parametric Graph and Table
760
Optional Exercise
762
Visualizing Complex Zeros of a Cubic Polynomial
762
Visualizing Complex Roots
762
Summary
765
Solving a Standard Annuity Problem
765
Finding the Interest Rate of an Annuity
766
Finding the Future Value of an Annuity
767
Computing the Time-Value-Of-Money
767
Time-Value-Of- Money Function
767
Finding the Monthly Payment
769
Finding the Number of Payments
769
Finding Rational, Real, and Complex Factors
769
Finding Factors
770
Simulation of Sampling Without Replacement
771
Sampling-Without- Replacement Function
771
Sampling Without Replacement
772
Using Vectors to Determine Velocity
772
Functions and Instructions
778
Categorical Listing of Operations
779
Alphabetical Listing of Operations
783
Abs Math/Number Menu
783
And Math/Test and Math/Base Menus
783
Andpic Catalog
784
Angle Math/Complex Menu
784
Approx Math/Algebra Menu
785
Archive Catalog
785
Arclen Math/Calculus Menu
785
Augment Math/Matrix Menu
786
Avgrc Catalog
786
Clrgraph Catalog
790
Clrhome Catalog
790
Clrio Catalog
790
Clrtable Catalog
790
Comdenom Math/Algebra Menu
791
Conj Math/Complex Menu
791
Copyvar Catalog
792
Cos X Key
792
Cose 2 R Key
793
Cosh Math/Hyperbolic Menu
794
Coshe Math/Hyperbolic Menu
794
Cot Math/Trig Menu
794
Coth Math/Hyperbolic Menu
795
Crossp Math/Matrix/Vector Ops Menu
795
Csc Math/Trig Menu
795
Csch Math/Hyperbolic Menu
796
Csolve Math/Algebra/Complex Menu
796
Cubicreg Math/Statistics/Regressions Menu
798
Сumsum Math/List Menu
799
Custmoff/On Catalog
799
Cycle Catalog
800
Cyclepic Catalog
800
Cylind Math/Matrix/Vector Ops Menu
800
Czeros Math/Algebra/Complex Menu
800
Data-Mat Catalog/Math/List Menu
802
D 2Nd(D) Key or Math/Calculus Menu
802
Dayofwk Catalog
803
Ddcmath/Angle Menu
803
Dec Math/Base Menu
803
Define Catalog
804
Delfold Catalog
804
Deltype Catalog
805
Delvar Catalog
805
Desolve Math/Calculus Menu
805
Det Math/Matrix Menu
806
Diag Math/Matrix Menu
807
Dialog Catalog
807
DIM Math/Matrix/Dimensions Menu
807
Disp Catalog
808
Dispg Catalog
808
Disphome Catalog
808
Disptbl Catalog
808
Dotp Math/Matrix/Vector Ops Menu
809
Drawfunc Catalog
809
Drawinv Catalog
809
Drawparm Catalog
810
Drawpol Catalog
810
Drawslp Catalog
810
Dropdown Catalog
810
Drwctour Catalog
811
E 2Nd EE Key
811
Eigvc Math/Matrix Menu
812
Eigvl Math/Matrix Menu
812
Entry Catalog
813
Exact Math/Number Menu
813
Exec Catalog
813
Exit Catalog
814
Exp-List Catalog
814
Expand Math/Algebra Menu
814
Expr Math/String Menu
815
Expreg Math/Statistics/Regressions Menu
816
Factor Math/Algebra Menu
816
Fill Math/Matrix Menu
817
Floor Math/Number Menu
817
Fmax Math/Calculus Menu
818
Fmin Math/Calculus Menu
818
Fnoff Catalog
818
Fnon Catalog
819
For Catalog
819
Format Math/String Menu
819
Fpart Math/Number Menu
820
Func Catalog
820
Gcd Math/Number Menu
820
Getcalc Catalog
821
Get Confg Catalog
821
Getdate Catalog
821
Getdenom Math/Algebra/Extract Menu
822
Getdtfmt Catalog
822
Getdtstr Catalog
822
Getkey Catalog
822
Getmode Catalog
823
Getnum Math/Algebra/Extract Menu
823
Gettime Catalog
823
Gettmstr Catalog
823
Gettmzn Catalog
824
Gettype Catalog
824
Getunits Catalog
824
Goto Catalog
825
Grad Catalog/Math/Angle Menu
825
Graph Catalog
825
Hex Math/Base Menu
826
Identity Math/Matrix Menu
826
If Catalog
826
Impdif Math/Calculus Menu, CATALOG
827
Input Catalog
827
Inputstr Catalog
828
Instring Math/String Menu
828
Int Catalog
828
Intdiv Catalog
828
Ipart Math/Number Menu
829
Isarchiv Catalog
829
Islocked Catalog
829
Isprime Math/Test Menu
829
Item Catalog
830
Lbl Catalog
830
Lcm Math/Number Menu
830
Left Catalog
830
Limit Math/Calculus Menu
831
Line Catalog
831
Linehorz Catalog
832
Linetan Catalog
833
Linevert Catalog
833
Linreg Catalog
833
Math/List Menu
834
List-Mat Math/List Menu
834
Ln Math/String Menu
834
Ln Key
834
Lnreg Math/Statistics/Regressions Menu
835
Local Catalog
835
Lock Catalog
835
Log Catalog
836
Logbase Math/String Menu
836
Logistic Math/Statistics/Regressions Menu
837
Loop Catalog
837
LU Math/Matrix Menu
838
Mat-Data Math/List Menu
838
Mat-List Math/List Menu
839
Max Math/List Menu
839
Mean Math/Statistics Menu
839
Median Math/Statistics Menu
839
Medmed Math/Statistics/Regressions Menu
840
MID Math/String Menu
840
Min Math/List Menu
841
Mod Math/Number Menu
841
Movevar Catalog
841
Mrowadd Math/Matrix/Row Ops Menu
841
Ncr Math/Probability Menu
842
Nderiv Math/Calculus Menu
842
Newdata Catalog
842
Newfold Catalog
843
Newlist Catalog
843
Newmat Catalog also Math/Matrix Menu
843
Newpic Catalog
843
Newplot Catalog
844
Newprob Catalog
844
Nint Math/Calculus Menu
844
Math/Matrix/Norms Menu
845
Not Math/Test Menu
845
Npr Math/Probability Menu
845
Nsolve Math/Algebra Menu
846
Onevar Math/Statistics Menu
846
Or Math/Test Menu
847
Ord Math/String Menu
847
Output Catalog
847
P-Px Math/Angle Menu
848
P-Ry Math/Angle Menu
848
Part Catalog
848
Passerr Catalog
850
Pause Catalog
850
Plotsoff Catalog
851
Plotson Catalog
851
Polar Math/Matrix/Vector Ops Menu
851
Polyeval Math/List Menu
851
Popup Catalog
852
Powerreg Math/Statistics/Regressions Menu
852
Prgm Catalog
852
Product Math/List Menu
852
Prompt Catalog
853
Propfrac Math/Algebra Menu
853
Ptchg Catalog
853
Ptoff Catalog
853
Pton Catalog
854
Xypttest Catalog
854
Pttext Catalog
854
Pxlcrcl Catalog
854
Pxlline Catalog
855
Pxloff Catalog
855
Pxlon Catalog
855
Pxltest Catalog
855
Pxlvert Catalog
856
QR Math/Matrix Menu
856
Quadreg Math/Statistics/Regressions Menu
857
Quartreg Math/Statistics/Regressions Menu
857
R-P0 Math/Angle Menu
858
R-Pr Math/Angle Menu
858
Rad Catalog/Math/Angle Menu
858
Rand Math/Probability Menu
858
Randmat Math/Probability Menu
859
Randnorm Math/Probability Menu
859
Randseed Math/Probability Menu
859
Rclgdb Catalog
859
Rect Math/Matrix/Vector Ops Menu
860
Ref Math/Matrix Menu
860
Remain Math/Number Menu
861
Rename Catalog
861
Request Catalog
861
Return Catalog
861
Right Math/List Menu
862
Root Catalog/Math/Number Menu
862
Rotate Math/Base Menu
862
Round Math/Number Menu
863
Rowadd Math/Matrix/Row Ops Menu
863
Rowdim Math/Matrix/Dimensions Menu
863
Rownorm Math/Matrix/Norms Menu
863
Rowswap Math/Matrix/Row Ops Menu
864
Rplcpic Catalog
864
Rref Math/Matrix Menu
864
Sec Math/Trig Menu
864
Sech Math/Hyperbolic Menu
865
Send Catalog
865
Sendcalc Catalog
865
Sendchat Catalog
866
Seq Math/List Menu
866
Setdate Catalog
866
Setdtfmt Catalog
866
Setfold Catalog
867
Setgraph Catalog
867
Setmode Catalog
868
Settable Catalog
869
Settime Catalog
869
Settmfmt Catalog
869
Settmzn Catalog
870
Setunits Catalog
870
Shade Catalog
871
Shift Catalog
872
Showstat Catalog
873
Sign Math/Number Menu
873
Simult Math/Matrix Menu
873
Sin Key
874
2Nd Sin-1 Key
874
Sinh Math/Hyperbolic Menu
875
Sinh-1 Math/Hyperbolic Menu
875
Sinreg Math/Statistics/Regressions Menu
876
Solve Math/Algebra Menu
876
Sorta Math/List Menu
878
Sortd Math/List Menu
878
Sphere Math/Matrix/Vector Ops Menu
879
Starttmr Catalog
879
Stddev Math/Statistics Menu
879
Stddevpop Math/Statistics Menu
880
Stogdb Catalog
880
Stop Catalog
881
Stopic Catalog
881
Store Catalog
881
Style Catalog
881
Submat Catalog
882
Sum Math/List Menu
882
Switch Catalog
882
T(Transpose) Math/Matrix Menu
883
Table Catalog
883
Tan Key
884
2Nd (TAN-1) Key
884
Tanh Math/Hyperbolic Menu
885
Tanh-1 Math/Hyperbolic Menu
885
Taylor Math/Calculus Menu
885
Tcollect Math\Algebra\Trig Menu
886
Texpand Math\Algebra\Trig Menu
886
Text Catalog
886
Timecnv Catalog
886
Title Catalog
887
Tmpcnv Catalog
887
Toolbar Catalog
888
Trace Catalog
888
Try Catalog
888
Twovar Math/Statistics Menu
889
Unarchiv Catalog
889
Unit Math/Matrix/Vector Ops Menu
889
Unlock Catalog
889
Variance()Math/Statistics Menu
890
When Catalog
890
While Catalog
891
Xor Math/Test Menu
891
Xorpic Catalog
892
Zeros Math/Algebra Menu
893
Zoombox Catalog
894
Zoomdata Catalog
895
Zoomdec Catalog
895
Zoomfit Catalog
896
Zoomin Catalog
896
Zoomint Catalog
896
Zoomout Catalog
897
Zoomprev Catalog
897
Zoomrcl Catalog
897
Zoomsqr Catalog
897
Zoomstd Catalog
898
Zoomsto Catalog
898
Zoomtrig Catalog
898
-(Subtract) Key
899
* (Multiply) X Key
899
/(Divide) : Key
900
.+ (Dot Add) .+Key
901
.- (Dot Subt.) .-Key
901
.* (Dor Mult.) .X Keys
902
- Negative (-) Key and Math/Base Menu
902
% (Percent) Char/Punctuation Menu
903
= (Equal) = Key
903
< 2Nd < Key
904
> 2Nd < Key
904
! (Factorial) 2Nd W Key
905
& (Append) 2Nd H Key
905
Integrate
905
Square Root
906
II (Product) Math/Calculus Menu
906
E(Sum) Math/Calculus Menu
906
#(Indirection) Catalog
907
G (Gradian) Math/Angle Menu
907
R (Radian) Math/Angle Menu
907
O (Degree)
907
Angle
908
Prime
908
_(Underscore) 2Nd_Key
908
Convert
909
10^ Catalog
909
X-1 Catalog
909
I ("With") 2Nd I Key
910
Store
910
Ob, Oh
911
Technical Reference
912
TI-89 Titanium/Voyage 200 Error Messages
913
TI-89 Titanium/Voyage 200 Modes
919
Graph
919
Current Folder
919
Display Digits
919
Exponential Format
920
Complex Format
920
Vector Format
921
Pretty Print
921
Split Screen
921
Split 1 App and Split 2 App
921
Number of Graphs
922
Graph 2
922
Split Screen Ratio (Voyage 200 Only)
922
Exact/Approx
922
Base
923
Unit System
924
Custom Units
924
Language
924
Apps Desktop
924
TI-89 Titanium/Voyage 200 Character Codes
925
TI-89 Titanium Key Codes
926
Key Codes for Primary Keys
926
Arrow Keys (Including Diagonal Movement)
928
Greek Letters
928
Voyage 200 Key Codes
928
Grave Accent Letters (Prefixed by 2Nd A)
932
Cedilla Letters (Prefixed by 2Nd C)
932
Acute Accent Letters (Prefixed by 2Nd E)
933
Greek Letters (Prefixed by 2Nd G)
933
Tilde Letters (Prefixed by 2Nd N)
934
Caret Letters (Prefixed by 2Nd O)
934
Umlaut Letters (Prefixed by 2Nd U)
934
Entering Complex Numbers
935
Overview of Complex Numbers
935
Complex Format Mode for Displaying Results
936
Using Complex Variables in Symbolic Calculations
937
Complex Numbers and Degree Mode
937
Accuracy Information
938
Computational Accuracy
938
Graphing Accuracy
938
System Variables and Reserved Names
938
Graph Zoom
939
Statistics
939
Data/Matrix
940
Miscellaneous
940
EOS (Equation Operating System) Hierarchy
940
Order of Evaluation
940
Parentheses, Brackets, and Braces
941
Indirection
941
Post Operators
941
Negation
941
Regression Formulas
942
Least-Squares Algorithm
942
Regressions
942
Contour Levels and Implicit Plot Algorithm
944
Runge-Kutta Method
944
Bogacki-Shampine 3(2) Formula
945
Battery Information
946
When to Replace the Batteries
946
Effects of Replacing the Batteries
946
Battery Precautions
946
Replacing the Alkaline Batteries in the TI-89 Titanium
947
Replacing the Lithium Battery in the TI-89 Titanium
947
Replacing the Alkaline Batteries in the Voyage 200
947
Replacing the Lithium Battery in the Voyage 200
948
In Case of Difficulty
949
Programmer's Guide
951
Setmode and Getmode
952
Setgraph
957
Other manuals for Texas Instruments Voyage 200
Guide Book
200 pages
Notes
2 pages
5
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Texas Instruments Voyage 200 Specifications
General
Type
Scientific
Form factor
Pocket
Product color
Blue
Display resolution
128 x 240 pixels
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