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Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com
Unicast Overview
This document describes how to configure unicast routing on the Cisco Industrial Ethernet Switches, hereafter referred
to as switch. To use unicast routing, the switch must be running the IP services image.
This chapter provides an overview of the following unicast routing features:
IPv4 Unicast Routing, page 957
IPv6 Unicast Routing, page 957
Enhanced Object Tracking, page 958
IPv4 Unicast Routing
Routers and Layer 3 switches can route packets in the following ways:
By using default routing—sending traffic with a destination unknown to the router to a default outlet or destination.
By using preprogrammed static routes for the traffic
Static unicast routing forwards packets from predetermined ports through a single path into and out of a network.
Static routing does not automatically respond to changes in the network and therefore, might result in unreachable
destinations.
By dynamically calculating routes by using a routing protocol
Dynamic routing protocols are used by routers to dynamically calculate the best route for forwarding traffic. Routing
protocols supported by the switch are Routing Information Protocol (RIP), Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), Open
Shortest Path First (OSPF) protocol, Enhanced IGRP (EIGRP), System-to-Intermediate System (IS-IS), and
Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD).
IPv6 Unicast Routing
IPv4 users can move to IPv6 and receive services such as end-to-end security, quality of service (QoS), and globally
unique addresses. The IPv6 address space reduces the need for private addresses and Network Address Translation
(NAT) processing by border routers at network edges.
IPv6 unicast routing support on the switch includes expanded address capability, header format simplification, improved
support of extensions and options, and hardware parsing of the extension header. The switch supports hop-by-hop
extension header packets, which are routed or bridged in software.
The switch provides IPv6 routing capability over 802.1Q trunk ports for static routes, Routing Information Protocol (RIP)
for IPv6, and Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) Version 3 Protocol. It supports up to 16 equal-cost routes and can
simultaneously forward IPv4 and IPv6 frames at line rate.
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