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INTRODUCTION
pansion capability than other applications because they are tailored specifically to a single envi-
ronment.
If code must be stored in EPROM, ROM, or Flash for non-volatility, but performance is also a
critical issue, then the code should be copied into RAM provided specifically for this purpose.
Frequently used routines and variables, such as interrupt handlers and interrupt stacks, can be
locked in the processor’s internal cache so they are always available quickly.
Embedded controllers usually require less memory than other applications, and control programs
are usually tightly written machine-level routines that need optimal performance in a limited va-
riety of tasks. The processor typically interacts directly with I/O devices and DRAM memory.
Other peripherals connect to the system bus.
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