4-1  Section 4 Range and Bearing Measurement Methods 
 
 
 
APP A 
APP B 
 
Section 4 
Range and Bearing 
Measurement Methods 
4.1  List of Measuring Tools 
This equipment is equipped with the following measuring tools to measure the range and bearing. 
 
Measuring tool  Function  Related section 
Cross-Hair Cursor 
(Cursor) 
Used to measure the range and bearing from 
the own ship’s position. 
4.3 Using the Cross-hair 
Cursor 
Range Rings  Displays concentric circles having CCRP 
(Consistent Common Reference Point) as the 
centre at constant intervals in order to be used 
as guidance for measuring the range. 
4.4 Using the Range Rings
Electronic Bearing 
Lines (EBL1/EBL2) 
Displays a straight line that specifies an 
arbitrary bearing in order to measure the 
bearing from own ship.   
This equipment is equipped with two electronic 
bearing lines (EBL1 and EBL2). 
4.5 Using the Electronic 
Bearing Line (EBL) and 
Variable Range Marker 
(VRM) 
Variable Range 
Markers 
(VRM1/VRM2) 
Displays a circle that specifies an arbitrary 
range in order to measure the range from own 
ship. 
This equipment is equipped with two variable 
range markers (VRM1 and VRM2). 
Parallel Index Lines 
(PI) 
Displays a group of straight lines at equal 
intervals in order to be used for complex 
measurement and guidance for route. 
4.6 Using Parallel Index 
Lines (PI) 
EBL Manoeuvre 
Displays a predictable track when own ship is 
turned in order to be used as guidance for 
manoeuvring. 
4.7 Using the EBL 
Manoeuvre 
Manual position fix 
(Position Offset) 
Enables offsetting the own ship’s position with 
manual operation. 
4.8 
Offsetting the Own 
Ship’s Position Manually 
(Position Offset Function of