19 LUBRICATION SYSTEM
General description
Four cylinder engine lubrication system
(19A.03/A)
Pressure lubrication is supplied by a rotor type
pump which is driven through an idler gear from the
crankshaft gear. The pump has an inner rotor and
an outer rotor which are off-centre to each other.
There is a key between the inner rotor and the
drive shaft. The inner rotor has six lobes which
mesh with the seven lobes of the outer rotor. When
the pump rotates, the space between the lobes of
the outer rotor which are in mesh increases to
cause a suction or decreases to cause a pressure
increase. If a balancer unit (19A.04/A) is fitted, the
oil pump is fitted to the balancer frame and is
driven by the balancer drive shaft.
Lubricating oil (19A.03/A1) from the sump passes
through a strainer and pipe to the suction side of
the pump.
The lubricating oil (19A.03/A2) passes from the
outlet side of the pump through a pipe to a relief
valve, which is fitted to the bottom of the left side of
the cylinder block. If a balancer unit is fitted, the
relief valve is fitted in the frame of the balancer.
The relief valves opens if the oil pressure is too
high; this allows some of the lubricating oil to return
to the sump.
From the relief valve, lubricating oil passes to a
plate type oil cooler (some naturally aspirated
engines do not have an oil cooler). The oil cooler is
either fitted to the left side of the cylinder block and
has seven plates, or it is fitted between the oil filter
head and the filter canister and has ten plates.
Some oil coolers are fitted with a by-pass valve. If
cold oil increases the restriction in the cooler, the
by-pass valve opens and the oil passes directly
from the inlet side to the outlet side of the cooler.
Lubricating oil from the oil cooler, passes to an oil
filter. The oil filter can be fitted to the left or right
side of the engine. If the filter is fitted to the right
side (19A.04/A) of the engine, the oil passes
through a pipe connected between the relief valve
and the right side of the cylinder block. The oil
passes from the pipe through a passage in the right
side of the cylinder block to an oil cooler and then
to the oil filter. When the oil filter is on the right side
of the engine, and an oil cooler is fitted, the oil
cooler will be between the oil filter head and the oil
filter canister.
The lubricating oil passes from the filter to the
pressure rail which is drilled the complete length of
the left side of the cylinder block. If the oil filter is
on the right side of the engine, the oil passes
through a passage drilled across the cylinder block
to the pressure rail.
From the pressure rail, lubricating oil passes to the
main bearings of the crankshaft and through
passages in the crankshaft to the big end bearings.
The pistons and the cylinder bores are lubricated by
splash and oil mist.
Lubricating oil (19A.03/A3) passes from the main
bearings through passages in the cylinder block to
the journals of the camshaft. Lubricating oil passes
from the centre journal of the camshaft through a
passage in the cylinder block and cylinder head to a
restriction in the pedestal of the rocker shaft, at a
reduced pressure (19A.03/A4), to the rocker
bushes. The oil passes through a passage in the
rocker shaft to the bearings of the rocker levers.
The valve stems, valve springs and the tappets are
lubricated by splash and oil mist.
The hub of the idler gear is lubricated by oil from
the pressure rail and the timing gears are splash
lubricated.
The turbocharger is lubricated by oil after the filter.
Oil is supplied from a connection on the right side
of the cylinder block through a pipe to the
turbocharger. The oil passes through the
turbocharger and returns through a pipe to the
sump.
Turbocharged engines have piston cooling jets
fitted. These jets are connected to the oil pressure
rail and spray lubricating oil inside the pistons to
keep them cool.
19A.02 Perkins Phaser/1000 Series, April 1995
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