Appendix B ______________________________________________________ Calculation Formulas 
 
VAISALA______________________________________________________________________ 287 
Wind Speed (U
2
) 
Estimate wind speed at 2 m height when measured at height z. 
)42.5)8.67ln((
87,4
2
z
UU
z
 
where 
Uz  =  Wind speed measured at height z [ms
-1
] 
z  =  Height of wind speed measurement [m] 
 
Vapor Pressure Deficit (e
a
-e
d
) 
d
aa
da
e
TeTe
eeVPD
2
)()(
)(
minmax
 
where 
e
a
  =  Saturation vapor pressure [kPa] 
e
d
  =  Actual vapor pressure [kPa] 
 
3.237
27.17
exp611.0)(
max
max
max
T
T
Te
a
 
3.237
27.17
exp611.0)(
min
min
min
T
T
Te
a
 
100
)(
2
1
100
)(
2
1
min
max
max
min
RH
Te
RH
Tee
aad
 
where 
T
max
 = 
Maximum daily temperature [C] 
T
min
 = 
Minimum daily temperature [C] 
e
a
(T
max
) =  Saturation vapor pressure at T
max
 
e
a
(T
min
)  =  Saturation vapor pressure at T
min
 
e
d
(T
max
) =  Actual vapor pressure at T
max
 
e
d
(T
min
)  =  Actual vapor pressure at T
min
 
RH
max
  =  Maximum daily relative humidity [%] 
RH
min
  =  Minimum daily relative humidity [%]