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Main points in the definition of a particular controller are:
• Type of controller to be used, reflecting
– Security questions such as Hazardous applications, Emergency situations, Abnormal
operating situations, Consequences in the event of a failure, Behavior at start/stop,
Behavior at maintenance, Manual control.
– CPU performance
– Capacity requirements
– Dependability questions like Availability, Integrity
– Need for communication (Need for physical interface).
• Type of I/O system
Centralized or distributed location of I/O is normally determined at prior and superior
design stages reflecting such questions as Maintenance, Environment, Economy (cable
savings).
• I/O board assortment. Limitation in number of different types is often desirable.
• Physical interface to the process. Terminal blocks, Marshalling, Hazardous applications.
• Application of redundancy.
• Environmental questions. Special requirement of cabinetry.
• Mechanical design. Cabinet lay-out.
When the design work reaches this stage, the hardware and the system software for the
controller have been determined. Sufficient information should also be available to permit a
controller system configuration. The information should include a rough estimation of
application functions needed thus facilitating a dimensioning and disposition of the RAM.
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The next step is to make a detailed function identification and to design the application program
based on AMPL. Finally, you implement the program.
To sum up, the main activities are:
• Circuit identification with respect to
– Standard type circuits (typical solutions)
– User-defined type circuits
– User-defined circuits
– User-defined PC element.
• Structuring
• Definition of functional interface to other system
• Execution control work-through
• Design of start-up program which include securing of application dynamic data during
power supply disconnection
• Configuration/Implementation
This is mostly an interactive session using an engineering station.
Some of these activities, subactivities and other similar subjects of interest are dealt with below.