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74 Keysight InfiniiVision 2000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide

4 Math Waveforms

See Also • "Units for Math Waveforms" on page 71

Math Transforms

Math transforms perform a transform function (like differentiate, integrate, FFT, or

square root) on an analog input channel or on the result of an arithmetic

operation.

• "Differentiate" on page 75

• "Integrate" on page 76

• "FFT Measurement" on page 79

• "Square Root" on page 86

These additional transforms are available:

• "Ax + B" on page 86

• "Square" on page 87

• "Absolute Value" on page 87

Figure 6 Example of Multiply Channel 1 by Channel 2

Infiniivision 2000 X-Series Oscilloscopes-At a Glance4
In this Guide6
Table of Contents9
Getting Started23
Inspect the Package Contents23
Install the Optional LAN/VGA or GPIB Module26
Tilt the Oscilloscope for Easy Viewing26
Power-On the Oscilloscope27
Use Only the Power Cord that Came with the Oscilloscope28
Connect Probes to the Oscilloscope28
Maximum Input Voltage at Analog Inputs29
Do Not Float the Oscilloscope Chassis29
Input a Waveform29
Recall the Default Oscilloscope Setup30
Use Auto Scale30
Compensate Passive Probes32
Learn the Front Panel Controls and Connectors33
Front Panel Overlays for Different Languages39
Learn the Rear Panel Connectors41
Learn the Oscilloscope Display43
Access the Built-In Quick Help45
Horizontal Controls48
To Adjust the Horizontal (Time/DIV) Scale48
To Adjust the Horizontal Delay (Position)49
Panning and Zooming Single or Stopped Acquisitions50
To Change the Horizontal Time Mode (Normal, XY, or Roll)50
XY Time Mode51
To Display the Zoomed Time Base54
To Change the Horizontal Scale Knob's Coarse/Fine Adjustment Setting55
To Position the Time Reference (Left, Center, Right)56
Searching for Events56
To Set up Searches57
Navigating the Time Base57
To Navigate Time57
To Navigate Search Events58
To Navigate Segments58
Vertical Controls62
To Turn Waveforms on or off (Channel or Math)62
To Adjust the Vertical Scale63
To Adjust the Vertical Position63
To Specify Channel Coupling63
To Specify Bandwidth Limiting64
To Change the Vertical Scale Knob's Coarse/Fine Adjustment Setting64
To Invert a Waveform65
Setting Analog Channel Probe Options65
To Specify the Channel Units66
To Specify the Probe Attenuation66
To Specify the Probe Skew67
Math Waveforms69
To Display Math Waveforms69
To Perform Transforms or Filters on an Arithmetic Operation71
To Adjust the Math Waveform Scale and Offset71
Units for Math Waveforms71
Math Operators72
Add or Subtract72
Multiply or Divide73
Math Transforms74
Differentiate75
Integrate76
See also78
FFT Measurement79
Square Root86
Ax + B86
Square87
Absolute Value87
Common Logarithm88
Natural Logarithm88
Exponential89
Base 10 Exponential89
Math Filters90
High Pass and Low Pass Filter90
Math Visualizations91
Magnify92
Measurement Trend92
Chart Logic Bus Timing94
Chart Logic Bus State95
Reference Waveforms97
To Save a Waveform to a Reference Waveform Location97
To Display a Reference Waveform98
To Scale and Position Reference Waveforms99
To Adjust Reference Waveform Skew99
To Display Reference Waveform Information100
To Save/Recall Reference Waveform Files To/From a USB Storage Device100
Digital Channels101
To Connect the Digital Probes to the Device under Test101
Probe Cable for Digital Channels102
Acquiring Waveforms Using the Digital Channels105
To Display Digital Channels Using Autoscale105
Interpreting the Digital Waveform Display106
To Change the Displayed Size of the Digital Channels107
To Switch a Single Channel on or off108
To Switch All Digital Channels on or off108
To Switch Groups of Channels on or off108
To Change the Logic Threshold for Digital Channels108
To Reposition a Digital Channel109
To Display Digital Channels as a Bus110
Digital Channel Signal Fidelity: Probe Impedance and Grounding113
Input Impedance113
Probe Grounding115
Best Probing Practices117
Serial Decode119
Serial Decode Options119
Lister120
Searching Lister Data122
To Adjust Waveform Intensity125
Display Settings126
To Set or Clear Persistence127
To Clear the Display128
To Select the Grid Type128
To Adjust the Grid Intensity129
To Freeze the Display129
Labels131
To Turn the Label Display on or off131
To Assign a Predefined Label to a Channel132
To Define a New Label133
To Load a List of Labels from a Text File You Create134
To Reset the Label Library to the Factory Default135
10 Triggers137
Adjusting the Trigger Level138
Forcing a Trigger139
Edge Trigger140
Edge then Edge Trigger142
Pulse Width Trigger143
Pattern Trigger146
Hex Bus Pattern Trigger148
OR Trigger148
Rise/Fall Time Trigger150
Nth Edge Burst Trigger151
Runt Trigger152
Setup and Hold Trigger154
Video Trigger155
To Trigger on a Specific Line of Video159
To Trigger on All Sync Pulses160
To Trigger on a Specific Field of the Video Signal161
To Trigger on All Fields of the Video Signal162
To Trigger on Odd or Even Fields163
USB Trigger165
Serial Trigger167
11 Trigger Mode/Coupling169
To Select the Auto or Normal Trigger Mode170
To Select the Trigger Coupling171
To Enable or Disable Trigger Noise Rejection173
To Enable or Disable Trigger HF Reject173
To Set the Trigger Holdoff174
External Trigger Input174
Maximum Voltage at Oscilloscope External Trigger Input175
12 Acquisition Control177
Running, Stopping, and Making Single Acquisitions177
Control178
Overview of Sampling178
Sampling Theory179
Aliasing179
Oscilloscope Bandwidth and Sample Rate179
Oscilloscope Rise Time181
Oscilloscope Bandwidth Required182
Memory Depth and Sample Rate182
Selecting the Acquisition Mode183
Normal Acquisition Mode184
Peak Detect Acquisition Mode184
Averaging Acquisition Mode186
High Resolution Acquisition Mode188
Acquiring to Segmented Memory189
Navigating Segments190
Infinite Persistence with Segmented Memory191
Segmented Memory Re-Arm Time191
Saving Data from Segmented Memory191
To Make Cursor Measurements194
Cursor Examples197
To Make Automatic Measurements204
Measurements Summary206
Snapshot All207
Voltage Measurements208
Peak-Peak209
Maximum209
Minimum209
Amplitude209
Top209
Base210
Overshoot210
Preshoot212
Average212
DC Rms213
Ac Rms213
Time Measurements215
Period216
Frequency216
Width217
Bit Rate217
Duty Cycle218
Rise Time218
Fall Time218
Delay218
Phase219
At Min y221
At Max y221
Measurements221
Count Measurements222
Positive Pulse Count222
Negative Pulse Count222
Rising Edge Count223
Falling Edges Count223
Measurement Thresholds223
Measurement Window with Zoom Display225
15 Mask Testing227
To Create a Mask from a "Golden" Waveform (Automask)227
Mask Test Setup Options229
Mask Statistics232
To Manually Modify a Mask File233
Building a Mask File236
How Is Mask Testing Done239
16 Digital Voltmeter241
To Select Generated Waveform Types and Settings245
Waveform Generator247
Waveform Generator248
To Output the Waveform Generator Sync Pulse248
To Specify the Expected Output Load248
To Use Waveform Generator Logic Presets249
To Add Noise to the Waveform Generator Output250
To Add Modulation to the Waveform Generator Output250
To Set up Amplitude Modulation (AM)251
To Set up Frequency Modulation (FM)252
To Set up Frequency-Shift Keying Modulation (FSK)254
To Restore Waveform Generator Defaults255
Save/Recall (Setups, Screens, Data)257
Saving Setups, Screen Images, or Data257
To Save Setup Files259
To Save BMP or PNG Image Files259
To Save CSV, ASCII XY, or bin Data Files260
Length Control261
To Save Lister Data Files262
To Save Reference Waveform Files to a USB Storage Device263
To Save Masks263
To Navigate Storage Locations264
To Enter File Names264
Recalling Setups, Masks, or Reference Waveforms265
To Recall Setup Files265
To Recall Mask Files266
To Recall Reference Waveform Files from a USB Storage Device266
Recalling Default Setups266
Performing a Secure Erase267
Print (Screens)269
To Print the Oscilloscope's Display269
To Set up Network Printer Connections270
To Specify the Print Options272
To Specify the Palette Option272
I/O Interface Settings275
Utility Settings276
Setting up the Oscilloscope's LAN Connection276
To Establish a LAN Connection277
Stand-Alone (Point-To-Point) Connection to a PC278
File Explorer279
Setting Oscilloscope Preferences281
To Choose "Expand About" Center or Ground281
To Disable/Enable Transparent Backgrounds282
To Load the Default Label Library282
To Set up the Screen Saver282
To Set Autoscale Preferences283
Setting the Oscilloscope's Clock284
Setting the Rear Panel TRIG out Source284
Enabling Remote Command Logging285
Performing Service Tasks286
To Perform User Calibration287
Utility Settings287
To Perform Hardware Self Test289
To Perform Front Panel Self Test290
To Display Oscilloscope Information290
To Display the User Calibration Status290
To Clean the Oscilloscope290
To Check Warranty and Extended Services Status290
To Contact Keysight291
To Return the Instrument291
Configuring the [Quick Action] Key291
Adding an Annotation292
Web Interface296
Accessing the Web Interface296
Browser Web Control297
Browser-Based Remote Front Panel298
Remote Programming Via the Web Interface298
Remote Programming with Keysight IO Libraries300
Save/Recall300
Saving Files Via the Web Interface300
Recalling Files Via the Web Interface301
Get Image302
Identification Function303
Instrument Utilities303
Setting a Password305
22 Reference309
Specifications and Characteristics309
Measurement Category309
Oscilloscope Measurement Category309
Measurement Category Definitions310
Maximum Input Voltages310
Maximum Input Voltage at Analog Inputs310
Maximum Input Voltage at Digital Channels311
Environmental Conditions311
Probes and Accessories311
Loading Licenses and Displaying License Information312
Licensed Options Available312
Other Options Available314
Upgrading to an MSO314
Software and Firmware Updates314
Binary Data (.Bin) Format315
Binary Data in MATLAB316
Binary Header Format316
Example Program for Reading Binary Data319
Examples of Binary Files319
CSV and ASCII XY Files322
CSV and ASCII XY File Structure323
Minimum and Maximum Values in CSV Files323
Acknowledgements324
Product Markings and Regulatory Information324
Setup for CAN Signals327
CAN Triggering329
CAN Serial Decode331
Interpreting CAN Decode332
CAN Totalizer333
Interpreting CAN Lister Data334
Searching for CAN Data in the Lister335
Setup for LIN Signals335
LIN Triggering337
LIN Serial Decode338
Interpreting LIN Decode340
Interpreting LIN Lister Data341
Searching for LIN Data in the Lister342
I2C/SPI Triggering and Serial Decode343
Setup for I2C Signals343
I2C Triggering344
I2C Serial Decode348
Interpreting I2C Decode349
Interpreting I2C Lister Data350
Searching for I2C Data in the Lister350
Setup for SPI Signals351
SPI Triggering355
SPI Serial Decode357
Interpreting SPI Decode358
Interpreting SPI Lister Data359
Searching for SPI Data in the Lister359
Setup for UART/RS232 Signals361
UART/RS232 Triggering363
UART/RS232 Serial Decode365
Interpreting UART/RS232 Decode366
UART/RS232 Totalizer367
Interpreting UART/RS232 Lister Data368
Searching for UART/RS232 Data in the Lister368

Brand	Keysight Technologies
Model	InfiniiVision 2000 X Series
Category	Test Equipment
Language	English

Keysight Technologies InfiniiVision 2000 X Series User Manual

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