Invasive ventilation involves positive pressure ventilation via the
endotracheal tube (ETT). NIV involves ventilation without intubation or
endotracheal access using masks or binasal prongs.
The benefits of non-invasive ventilation are a reduced risk of nosocomial
infections and their complications as well as avoiding sedation and its
negative side effects. However, it requires sufficient spontaneous
breathing of the patient. NIV ventilation is contraindicated in the
following cases:
No spontaneous breathing
Fixed or functional airway obstruction
Gastrointestinal bleeding or ileus
Invasive ventilation is generally indicated when the airways MUST be
secured, e.g. in coma patients, in case of risk of aspiration, or with
complete sedation.
Some ventilation modes provide additional options, such as
Pressure-regulated and volume-controlled ventilation (PRVC)
Pressure support ventilation (PSV)
Backup ventilation
Tube compensation
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