ENGINEERING MANUAL OF AUTOMATIC CONTROL
CHILLER, BOILER, AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM CONTROL APPLICATIONS
296
Control Principles For Steam Heating Devices ................................... 374
General ........................................................................................... 374
Modulating Steam Coil Performance .............................................. 374
Oversized Valve .......................................................................... 374
Correctly Sized Valve.................................................................. 375
Supply And Return Main Pressures ................................................ 375
System Design Considerations For Steam Coils ............................ 375
Low Temperature Protection For Steam Coils ................................ 376
High Temperature Water Heating System Control........................................................................................... 376
Introduction.......................................................................................... 376
High Temperature Water (HTW) Heating ........................................ 376
High Temperature Water Safety ...................................................... 377
HTW Control Selection ........................................................................ 377
HTW Valve Selection........................................................................... 377
Valve Style ...................................................................................... 378
Valve Body Materials ...................................................................... 378
Valve Trim ....................................................................................... 378
Valve Packing ................................................................................. 378
Valve Flow Characteristics .............................................................. 378
Actuators ......................................................................................... 378
Valve Size ....................................................................................... 378
Valve Location ................................................................................. 378
Instantaneous Converter Control ........................................................ 379
HTW Coils ........................................................................................... 380
HTW Space Heating Units .............................................................. 380
Storage Converters ......................................................................... 380
Multizone Space-Heating HTW Water Converters.......................... 381
HTW Steam Generators ................................................................. 381
District Heating Applications ............................................................................................................ 382
Introduction.......................................................................................... 382
Heat Sources .................................................................................. 382
The Distribution Network................................................................. 382
The Substation ................................................................................ 383
Abbreviations....................................................................................... 383
Definitions............................................................................................ 384
Symbols............................................................................................... 384
System Configuration .......................................................................... 385
Heat Generation.............................................................................. 385
Heat Distribution Network ............................................................... 385
Hot Water System Control .............................................................. 385
Steam System Vs Hot Water System ............................................. 385
Hot Water Pipeline System ............................................................. 385
Booster Pump Station ..................................................................... 385
Pressure Reducing Stations ........................................................... 386
Mixing Station ................................................................................. 386
Key Points ....................................................................................... 386
Heat Transfer Substations .............................................................. 386
Direct Heat Transfer Substations ................................................ 386
Indirect Heat Transfer Substations ............................................. 388
Hybrid Heat Transfer Substations ............................................... 389
Control Applications............................................................................. 390
DDC Control of High Performance Substation................................ 390
DDC Control of a Small House Substation ..................................... 392
Control of Apartment Building Substations
with Domestic Hot Water............................................................ 393
Hybrid Building Substation .............................................................. 396