Configuration Guide Configuring TCP
8 Configuring TCP
8.1 Overview
The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is a transport-layer protocol providing reliable connection-oriented and IP-based
services to for the application layer.
Internetwork data flows in 8-bit bytes are sent from the application layer to the TCP layer, and then fragmented into packet
segments of a proper length via the TCP. The Maximum Segment Size (MSS) is usually limited by the Maximum
Transmission Unit (MTU) of the data link layer. After that, the packets are sent to the IP layer and then to the TCP layer of a
receiver through the network.
To prevent packet loss, every byte is identified by a sequence number via the TCP, and this ensures that packets destined
for the peer are received in order. Then, the receiver responds with a TCP ACK packet upon receiving a packet. If the sender
does not receive ACK packets in a reasonable Round-Trip Time (RTT), the corresponding packets (assumed lost) will be
retransmitted.
TCP uses the checksum function to check data integrity. Besides, MD5-based authentication can be used to verify data.
Timeout retransmission and piggyback mechanism are adopted to ensure reliability.
The Sliding Window Protocol is adopted to control flows. As documented in the Protocol, unidentified groups in a
window should be retransmitted.
Protocols and Standards
RFC 793: Transmission Control Protocol
RFC 1122: Requirements for Internet Hosts -- Communication Layers
RFC 1191: Path MTU Discovery
RFC 1213: Management Information Base for Network Management of TCP/IP-based Internets: MIB-II
RFC 2385: Protection of BGP Sessions via the TCP MD5 Signature Option
RFC 4022: Management Information Base for the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
8.2 Applications
Optimizing TCP Performance
To avoid TCP packet fragmentation on a link with a small MTU, Path MTU Discovery
(PMTUD) is enabled.
Detecting TCP Connection Exception
TCP checks whether the peer works normally.
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