Configuration Guide                                                                                                Configuring CWMP 
 
 
single-instance object node is an object node for which there is only one instance, whereas a multi-instance object node is an 
object node for which there are multiple instances. 
DM nodes can also be classified into readable nodes and readable-and-writable nodes. A readable node is a node whose 
parameter values can be read but cannot be modified, and a readable-and-writable node is a node whose parameter values 
can be both read and modified. 
A data model node has two attributes. One attribute relates to a notification function; that is, whether to inform the ACS of 
changes (other than changes caused by CWMP) to parameter values of the data model. The other attribute is an identifier 
indicating that the parameters of the data model node can be written using other management modes (than the ACS); that is, 
whether the values of the parameters can be modified using other management modes such as Telnet. The ACS can modify 
the attributes of the data models using RPC methods. 
CWMP manages the data models using corresponding RPC methods. 
  Event Management 
When some  events concerned by the ACS occur on the CPE, the CPE will inform the ACS of  these  events. The ACS 
monitors these events to monitor the working status of the CPE. The CWMP events are just like Trap messages of SNMP or 
product logs. Using RPC methods, to the ACS filters out the unconcerned types of events. CWMP events are classified into 
two  types:  single  or  (not  cumulative)  events  and  multiple  (cumulative)  events.  A  single  event  means  that  there  is  no 
quantitative change to the same event upon  re-occurrence of  the event,  with the old discarded and the newest kept. A 
multiple event  means that the old  are not discarded and the newest event is kept as a complete event when  an event 
re-occurs for multiple times later; that is, the number of this event is incremented by 1. 
All events that occur on the CPE are notified to the ACS using the INFORM method. 
 
Features 
The ACS controls the upgrade of the firmware of a CPE using the Download method. 
Upgrading  the 
Configuration Files 
The ACS controls the upgrade of the configuration files of a CPE using the Download method. 
Uploading  the 
Configuration Files 
The ACS controls the upload of the configuration files of a CPE using the Upload method. 
Backing  up  and 
Restoring a CPE 
When a CPE breaks away from the management center, this feature can remotely restore the CPE to 
the previous status. 
9.3.1  Upgrading the Firmware 
Upgrading the Firmware means the firmware of a network element (NE) can be upgraded, so as to implement device 
version upgrade or replacement. 
Working Principle