5.2. Device Functions 
Procedure for processing the program in the PLC: 
Input terminal X
Device memory
Processing the program
Device memory
Regenerating the output signal
and sending it to the output terminal
 
Regenerating the input signal 
Device memory
  Regenerating the input signal 
1.  Before executing the program, the external input 
signal state is read into the memory for the input 
signal.   
2.  When the program is executed, the state in the 
memory location for the input signal does not change 
even if the input signal changes from ON to OFF or 
from OFF to ON. The input signal is not refreshed 
until the next scan begins. 
  Processing the program 
After the input signal is refreshed, the instructions in the 
program are executed in order from the starting address 
of the program. The results are stored in the device 
memories.   
  Regenerating the state of the output   
After the instruction END is executed, the device memory 
state in the device memory is sent to the specified output 
terminal. 
5.2.1 Values and Constants 
Name  Description 
Bit  A bit is the basic unit in the binary system. Its state is either 1 or 0. 
Nibble 
A nibble is composed of four consecutive bits (for example b3–b0). Nibbles 
can represent 0–9 in the decimal system or 0–F in the hexadecimal system. 
Byte 
A byte is composed of two consecutive nibbles (i.e. 8 bits, b7–b0). Bytes can 
represent 00–FF in the hexadecimal system. 
Word 
A word is composed of two consecutive bytes (i.e. 16 bits, b15–b0). Words 
can represent 0000–FFFF in the hexadecimal system. 
Double word 
A double word is composed of two consecutive words (i.e. 32 bits, b31–b0). 
Double words can represent 00000000–FFFFFFFF in the hexadecimal 
system. 
 
 
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