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Understanding Light and Filters 329

and when they are combined with long focal length lenses. Filters for long tele lenses must

be of the highest quality. A ﬁ lter that is not perfectly optically ﬂ at may have the effect of a very

weak lens element, which decreases the image quality and makes it impossible to focus the

lens at inﬁ nity. The quality of ﬁ lters becomes still more important when ﬁ lters are combined.

Filters Between the Lens

Because the 30 mm Distagon ﬁ sh-eye lens for the 503 and other V system cameras covers a

180-degree diagonal ﬁ eld of view, it is impossible to attach ﬁ lters to the front without cutting

into the diagonal ﬁ eld of view. Filters can be attached to the rear of the front section and are

part of the optical design, which means that the 30 mm Distagon is designed to produce the

best sharpness with a ﬁ lter or clear glass in the lens. Never use the lens without a ﬁ lter or

clear glass. The rear ring of the lens is painted bright red to warn you that there is no glass at

the rear.

Gelatin Filters

Gelatin ﬁ lters can be used in combination with the Proshade including the latest shade

VH60-95. Older shades were made for the 3-in. size only. The 3- or 4-in. sizes can be used in the

new shades made since 1991. The larger 4-in. sizes must be used with wide angle lenses, long

telephotos, and the 110 mm Planar. The 3-in. size can be used for lenses from 60 to 250 mm.

The ﬁ lters should be placed into gelatin ﬁ lter holders.

Figure 17-10 Copying setup. A simple setup for copying in polarized light consists of two lights

(L), on the left and right, illuminating the copy from the same angle of about 35 degrees. The

light from both lamps goes through the polarizing material (P1) so that the light falling on the

copy is polarized. A polarizing ﬁ lter (P2) on the camera lens is turned to produce maximum

contrast. Exposure for tungsten lights is based on a reﬂ ected or built-in meter reading off a

graycard (A) placed on top of the copy or the reading from an incident meter.

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