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Texas Instruments TI-86 User Manual
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99INDEX.DOC TI-86, Index, US English Bob Fedorisko Revised: 02/13/01 2:51 PM Printed: 02/27/01 1:29 PM Page 419 of 15
xyline,
370
Y
y variable,
77
y(x)=,
75
YICPT (y-intercept),
96, 100
yScl (scale),
81
yStat (y-variable list),
189
Z
ZData,
371
ZDATA (GRAPH ZOOM menu),
92
ZDecm,
372
ZDECM (GRAPH ZOOM menu),
92
ZFACT (ZOOM FACTOR),
92,
208
ZFit,
129
,
373
ZFIT (GRAPH ZOOM menu),
92
ZIn (zoom in),
373
ZIN (zoom in),
92
,
208
ZInt,
374
ZINT (GRAPH ZOOM menu),
92
ZOOM,
14
,
75
,
88
custom,
93
parametric graphs,
129
polar graphs,
121
ZOOM operations,
147
zoom window variables
storing and recalling,
95
ZOOMX (GRAPH ZOOM menu),
92
ZOOMY (GRAPH ZOOM menu),
92
ZOUT (zoom out),
92
,
208
,
375
ZPREV (zoom previous),
92
,
375
ZRCL (GRAPH ZOOM menu),
92
,
95
user-created zoom variables,
239
ZRcl (zoom recall),
376
ZSqr,
376
ZSQR (GRAPH ZOOM menu),
92
ZSTD (GRAPH ZOOM menu),
92
ZSTD (standard defaults),
208
,
377
ZSTO (GRAPH ZOOM menu),
92
,
95
ZTrig,
378
ZTRIG (GRAPH ZOOM menu),
92
430
Table of Contents
Default Chapter
3
Table of Contents
3
TI-86 Quick Start
13
Preparing to Use Your New TI-86
14
Installing the AAA Batteries
14
Turning on and Turning off the TI-86
14
Adjusting the Contrast
14
Resetting All Memory and Defaults
15
Calculating on the Home Screen
15
Calculating the Sine of a Number
15
Storing the Last Answer to a Variable
15
Using a Variable in an Expression
16
Editing an Expression
16
Displaying a Complex Number as a Result
17
Using a List with a Function
17
Displaying the Integer Part of Real Numbers in a List
18
Removing (Exiting) a Menu
18
Finding the Square Root
19
Calculating Derivatives
19
Retrieving, Editing, and Re-Evaluating the Previous Entry
20
Converting Degrees Fahrenheit to Degrees Celsius
20
Storing an Unevaluated Expression to an Equation Variable
21
Plotting Functions on the Graph Screen
21
Displaying and Entering Functions in the Equation Editor
21
Changing the Graph Style of a Function
22
Plotting a Function on the Graph Screen
23
Tracing a Function
23
Evaluating y for a Specific X Value (During a Trace)
24
Changing a Window Variable Value
24
Deselecting a Function
25
Zooming in on a Portion of the Graph Screen
26
Chapter 1: Operating the TI-86
27
Installing or Replacing Batteries
28
When to Replace Batteries
28
Turning on and Turning off the TI-86
29
Adjusting the Display Contrast
29
The Home Screen
30
Displaying Entries and Answers
30
Entering Numbers
31
Entering Negative Numbers
31
Using Scientific or Engineering Notation
32
Entering Complex Numbers
32
Entering Other Characters
32
The 2Nd Key
33
The ALPHA Key
33
ALPHA-Lock and Alpha-Lock
33
Common Cursors
34
Cursor Direction Keys
35
Inserting, Deleting, and Clearing Characters
35
Entering Expressions and Instructions
36
Entering an Expression
36
Using Functions in Expressions
37
Using an Instruction
37
Entering Functions, Instructions, and Operators
37
Entering Consecutive Entries
38
The Busy Indicator
38
Interrupting a Calculation or Graph
38
Diagnosing an Error
39
Correcting an Error
39
Reusing Previous Entries and the Last Answer
40
Retrieving the Last Entry
40
Retrieving and Editing the Last Entry
40
Retrieving Previous Entries
40
Retrieving Multiple Entries
41
Clearing the ENTRY Storage Area
41
Retrieving the Last Answer
41
Using Ans Preceding a Function
42
Storing Results to a Variable
42
Using TI-86 Menus
43
Displaying a Menu
43
The Menu Keys
44
Selecting a Menu Item
44
M1 M2 M3 M4 M5
44
Exiting (Removing) a Menu
45
Viewing and Changing Modes
46
Changing a Mode Setting
46
Chapter 2 The CATALOG, Variables, and Characters
49
The CATALOG
50
Storing Data to Variables
51
Creating a Variable Name
51
Storing a Value to a Variable Name
52
Storing an Unevaluated Expression
52
Storing an Answer
53
Copying a Variable Value
53
Displaying a Variable Value
53
Recalling a Variable Value
54
Classifying Variables as Data Types
54
The CATLG-VARS (CATALOG-Variables) Menu
55
Selecting a Variable Name
56
The CUSTOM Menu
56
Entering CUSTOM Menu Items
56
Clearing CUSTOM Menu Items
57
Deleting a Variable from Memory
57
The CHAR (Character) Menu
57
The CHAR MISC (Miscellaneous) Menu
58
The CHAR GREEK Menu
58
The CHAR INTL (International) Menu
58
Adding a Modifier to a Vowel
58
Chapter 3 Math, Calculus, and Test Operations
59
Keyboard Mathematical Functions
60
The MATH Menu
61
The MATH NUM (Number) Menu
61
The MATH PROB (Probability) Menu
62
The MATH ANGLE Menu
63
The MATH HYP (Hyperbolic) Menu
63
The MATH MISC (Miscellaneous) Menu
64
The Interpolateàextrapolate Editor
65
The CALC (Calculus) Menu
66
The TEST (Relational) Menu
67
Using Tests in Expressions and Instructions
68
Chapter 4: Constants, Conversions, Bases, and Complex Numbers
69
Using Built-In and User-Created Constants
70
The CONS (Constants) Menu
70
The CONS BLTIN (Built-In Constants) Menu
70
Creating or Redefining a User-Created Constant
72
The Constant Editor Menu
72
Entering a Constant Name in an Expression
73
Converting Units of Measure
73
Converting a Unit of Measure
73
The CONV (Conversions) Menu
74
The CONV LNGTH (Length) Menu
75
The CONV AREA Menu
75
The CONV VOL (Volume) Menu
75
The CONV TIME Menu
75
The CONV TEMP (Temperature) Menu
75
The CONV MASS Menu
76
The CONV FORCE Menu
76
The CONV PRESS (Pressure) Menu
76
The CONV ENRGY (Energy) Menu
76
The CONV POWER Menu
76
The CONV SPEED Menu
76
Converting a Value Expressed as a Rate
77
Number Bases
77
Number Base Ranges
78
One's and Two's Complements
78
The (Number) BASE Menu
78
The BASE Õ-Ú (Hexadecimal Characters) Menu
79
Entering Hexadecimal Digits
79
The BASE TYPE Menu
79
The BASE CONV (Conversion) Menu
80
Converting Number Bases
80
The BASE BOOL (Boolean) Menu
80
Results of Boolean Operations
81
The BASE BIT Menu
81
Using Complex Numbers
82
Complex Results
82
Using a Complex Number in an Expression
83
The CPLX (Complex Number) Menu
83
Chapter 5: Function Graphing
85
Defining a Graph
86
Setting the Graph Mode
86
The GRAPH Menu
87
Using the Equation Editor
88
The Equation Editor (GRAPH y(X)=) Menu
88
Defining a Function in the Equation Editor
89
Notes about Defining Function Equations
90
Selecting Graph Styles
91
Setting the Graph Style in the Equation Editor
92
Using Shading Patterns to Differentiate Functions
92
Viewing and Changing Onàoff Status of Stat Plots
93
Setting the Window Variables
93
Displaying the Window Editor
94
Changing a Window Variable Value
94
Setting Graphing Accuracy with @ X and @ y
95
Setting the Graph Format
95
Displaying a Graph
97
Pausing or Stopping a Graph in Progress
97
Modifying a Drawn Graph
97
Graphing a Family of Curves
98
Smart Graph
98
Chapter 6: Graph Tools
99
Graph Tools on the TI-86
100
The GRAPH Menu
100
Using the Free-Moving Cursor
101
Graphing Accuracy
101
Tracing a Graph
102
Stopping and Resuming a Trace
103
Resizing the Graph Screen with ZOOM Operations
103
The GRAPH ZOOM Menu
103
Defining a Custom Zoom in
105
Setting Zoom Factors
105
Zooming in and Zooming out on a Graph
105
Storing and Recalling Zoom Window Variable Values
107
Using Interactive Math Functions
107
The GRAPH MATH Menu
107
Settings that Affect GRAPH MATH Operations
108
Using ROOT, FMIN, FMAX, or INFLC
109
Using ‰F(X), DIST, or ARC
110
Using DyàDX or TANLN
111
Using ISECT
112
Using YICPT
112
Evaluating a Function for a Specified X
113
Drawing on a Graph
113
Before Drawing on a Graph
114
Saving and Recalling Drawn Pictures
114
Clearing Drawn Pictures
115
The GRAPH DRAW Menu
115
Shading Areas of a Graph
116
Drawing a Line Segment
117
Drawing a Vertical or Horizontal Line
118
Drawing a Circle
118
Drawing a Function, Tangent Line, or Inverse Function
119
Drawing Freehand Points, Lines, and Curves
119
Placing Text on a Graph
120
Turning on or Turning off Points
120
Chapter 7: Tables
121
Displaying the Table
122
TABLE Menu
122
The Table
122
Independent and Dependent Variables in the Table
123
Navigating the Table
123
The Table Menus
124
Setting up the Table
125
Viewing and Editing Dependent Variable Equations
126
Clearing the Table
126
Chapter 8: Polar Graphing
127
Preview: Polar Graphing
128
Defining a Polar Graph
129
Setting Polar Graphing Mode
129
The GRAPH Menu
129
Displaying the Polar Equation Editor
130
Setting the Graph Screen Window Variables
130
Setting the Graph Format
131
Displaying the Graph
131
Using Graph Tools in Pol Graphing Mode
131
The Free-Moving Cursor
131
Tracing a Polar Equation
132
Moving the Trace Cursor to a Q Value
133
Using Zoom Operations
133
The GRAPH MATH Menu
134
Evaluating an Equation for a Specified Q
134
Drawing on a Polar Graph
134
Chapter 9: Parametric Graphing
135
Preview: Parametric Graphing
136
Defining a Parametric Graph
137
Setting Parametric Graphing Mode
138
The GRAPH Menu
138
Displaying the Parametric Equation Editor
138
Selecting and Deselecting a Parametric Equation
139
Deleting a Parametric Equation
139
Setting the Graph Screen Window Variables
139
Setting the Graph Format
140
Displaying the Graph
140
Using Graph Tools in Param Graphing Mode
140
The Free-Moving Cursor
140
Tracing a Parametric Function
140
Moving the Trace Cursor to a T Value
141
Using Zoom Operations
141
The GRAPH MATH Menu
142
Evaluating an Equation for a Specified T
142
Drawing on a Parametric Graph
142
Chapter 10: Differential Equation Graphing
143
Defining a Differential Equation Graph
144
Setting Differential Equation Graphing Mode
144
The GRAPH Menu
145
Setting the Graph Format
145
Displaying the Differential Equation Editor
146
Setting the Graph Screen Window Variables
147
Setting the Initial Conditions
148
Setting the Axes
149
Differential Equation Graphing Tips
149
The Built-In Variable Fldpic
150
Displaying the Graph
150
Entering and Solving Differential Equations
151
Graphing in Slpfld Format
151
Transforming an Equation into a First-Order System
152
Graphing in Dirfld Format
153
Graphing a System of Equations in Fldoff Format
154
Solving a Differential Equation for a Specified Value
156
Using Graph Tools in Difeq Graphing Mode
156
The Free-Moving Cursor
156
Tracing a Differential Equation
156
Moving the Trace Cursor to a T Value
157
Drawing on a Differential Equation Graph
157
Drawing an Equation and Storing Solutions to Lists
157
Using ZOOM Operations
159
Drawing Solutions Interactively with EXPLR
160
Evaluating Differential Equations for a Specified T
162
Chapter 11: Lists
163
Lists on the TI-86
164
The LIST Menu
164
The LIST NAMES Menu
165
Creating, Storing, and Displaying Lists
165
Entering a List Directly in an Expression
165
Creating a List Name by Storing a List
166
Displaying List Elements Stored to a List Name
166
Displaying or Using a Single List Element
167
Storing a New Value to a List Element
167
Complex List Elements
168
The List Editor
168
The List Editor Menu
168
Creating a List Name in the Unnamed Column
169
Inserting a List Name into the List Editor
169
Displaying and Editing a List Element
170
Deleting Elements from a List
170
Removing a List from the List Editor
170
Using List Operations
171
The LIST OPS (Operations) Menu
171
Using Mathematical Functions with Lists
173
Attaching a Formula to a List Name
174
Comparing an Attached List with a Regular List
175
Using the List Editor to Attach a Formula
175
Using the List Editor with Attached-Formula Lists
176
Executing and Displaying Attached Formulas
176
Handling Errors Related to Attached Formulas
177
Detaching a Formula from a List Name
178
Editing an Element of a Attached Formula List
178
Chapter 12: Vectors
179
Vectors on the TI-86
179
Creating, Storing, and Displaying Vectors
181
The VECTR (Vector) Menu
181
The VECTR NAMES Menu
181
Creating a Vector in the Vector Editor
181
The Vector Editor Menu
182
Creating a Vector on the Home Screen
182
Creating a Complex Vector
183
Displaying a Vector
183
Using a Vector in an Expression
184
Editing Vector Dimension and Elements
184
The VECTR MATH Menu
185
The VECTR OPS (Operations) Menu
185
The VECTR CPLX (Complex) Menu
187
Using Mathematical Functions with Vectors
188
Chapter 13: Matrices
189
Matrices on the TI-86
189
Creating, Storing, and Displaying Matrices
190
The MATRX (Matrix) Menu
190
The MATRX NAMES Menu
190
Creating a Matrix in the Matrix Editor
190
The Matrix Editor Menu
191
Creating a Matrix on the Home Screen
192
Creating a Complex Matrix
192
Displaying Matrix Elements, Rows, and Submatrices
193
Using a Matrix in an Expression
193
Editing Matrices in the Matrix Editor
194
Editing Matrices on the Home Screen
194
The MATRX MATH Menu
195
The MATRX OPS (Operations) Menu
196
The MATRX CPLX (Complex ) Menu
197
Using Mathematical Functions with Matrices
197
Chapter 14: Statistics
199
Statistical Analysis on the TI-86
200
Setting up a Statistical Analysis
200
The STAT (Statistics) Menu
200
Entering Statistical Data
201
The LIST NAMES Menu
201
The STAT CALC (Calculations) Menu
201
Automatic Regression Equation Storage
203
Results of a Statistical Analysis
204
The STAT VARS (Statistical Variables) Menu
204
Plotting Statistical Data
206
The STAT PLOT Status Screen
206
The STAT PLOT Menu
207
Setting up a Stat Plot
207
Turning on and Turning off a Stat Plot
207
The PLOT TYPE Menu (Selecting a Plot Type)
208
Plot Type Characteristics
208
The STAT DRAW Menu
211
Forecasting a Statistical Data Value
211
Chapter 15: Equation Solving
213
Preview: the Equation Solver
214
Entering an Equation in the Equation-Entry Editor
215
Setting up the Interactive-Solver Editor
216
Entering Variable Values
216
Controlling the Solution with Bounds and a Guess
216
Editing the Equation
217
The Solver Menu
218
Solving for the Unknown Variable
218
Graphing the Solution
219
Solver Graph Tools
219
The Solver ZOOM Menu
220
The Simultaneous Equation Solver
220
Entering Equations to Solve Simultaneously
220
Storing Equation Coefficients and Results to Variables
222
The Polynomial Root-Finder
223
Entering and Solving a Polynomial
223
Storing a Polynomial Coefficient or Root to a Variable
224
Chapter 16: Programming
225
Writing a Program on the TI-86
226
The PRGM Menu
226
Creating a Program in the Program Editor
226
The Program Editor Menu
227
The PRGM Iào (Inputàoutput) Menu
227
The TI-86 Key Code Diagram
229
The PRGM CTL Menu
230
Entering a Command Line
232
Menus and Screens in the Program Editor
232
Running a Program
233
Breaking (Interrupting) a Program
234
Working with Programs
235
Managing Memory and Deleting a Program
235
Editing a Program
235
Calling a Program from Another Program
236
Copying a Program to Another Program Name
237
Using and Deleting Variables Within a Single Program
237
Running an Assembly Language Program
237
Entering and Storing a String
238
The STRNG (String) Menu
239
Creating a String
239
Chapter 17: Memory Management
241
Checking Available Memory
242
The MEM (Memory) Menu
242
Checking Memory Usage
242
Deleting Items from Memory
243
The MEM DELET (Delete) Menu
243
Resetting the TI-86
244
The MEM RESET (Reset) Menu
244
Clrent (Clear Entry)
244
Chapter 18: The TI-86 Communication Link
246
TI-86 Linking Options
246
Linking Two TI-86S
246
Linking a TI-86 and a TI-85
246
Linking a TI-86 and a CBL 2/CBL or CBR System
246
Linking a TI-86 and a PC or Macintosh
247
Downloading Programs from the Internet
247
Connecting the TI-86 to Another Device
247
The LINK Menu
248
Selecting Data to Send
248
The LINK SEND Menu
248
Initiating a Memory Backup
249
Selecting Variables to Send
250
The SEND WIND (Window Variables) Screen
250
Sending Variables to a TI-85
251
The LINK SND85 (Send Data to TI-85) Menu
251
Preparing the Receiving Device
252
Transmitting Data
252
Receiving Transmitted Data
252
Receiving Transmitted Data
253
Repeating Transmission to Several Devices
254
Error Conditions
254
Insufficient Memory in Receiving Unit
254
Chapter 19: Applications
255
Using Math Operations with Matrices
256
Finding the Area between Curves
257
The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus
258
Electrical Circuits
260
Program: Taylor Series
262
Characteristic Polynomial and Eigenvalues
264
Convergence of the Power Series
266
Reservoir Problem
268
Predator-Prey Model
270
Program: Sierpinski Triangle
272
Chapter 20 A to Z Function and Instruction Reference
273
Quick-Find Locator
274
Alphabetical Listing of Operations
278
Appendix
391
Menu Map
392
Handling a Difficulty
404
Error Conditions
405
Equation Operating System (Eosé)
409
Implied Multiplication
409
Parentheses
409
TOL (the Tolerance Editor)
410
TOL (the Tolerance Editor) - ™ )
410
Computational Accuracy
411
Support and Service Information
412
Product Support
412
Product Service
413
Other TI Products and Services
413
Warranty Information
414
Customers in the U.S. and Canada Only
414
Australia & New Zealand Customers Only
415
All Customers Outside the U.S. and Canada
416
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Texas Instruments TI-86 Specifications
General
Brand
Texas Instruments
Model
TI-86
Category
Software
Language
English
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