2.6 Single-line diagrams (no power management)....................................................................................................................................................... 30
2.6.1 Automatic Mains Failure............................................................................................................................................................................................... 30
2.6.2 Island operation................................................................................................................................................................................................................31
2.6.3 Fixed power/base load.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 31
2.6.4 Peak shaving.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................31
2.6.5 Load takeover................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 32
2.6.6 Mains power export........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 32
2.6.7 Multiple gensets, load sharing (hardware option M12 required)................................................................................................................. 33
2.7 Single-line diagrams with power management.......................................................................................................................................................33
2.7.1 Island operation................................................................................................................................................................................................................33
2.7.2 Parallel to mains...............................................................................................................................................................................................................34
2.7.3 Multiple mains................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 35
2.7.4 Automatic transfer switch............................................................................................................................................................................................. 36
2.7.5 Energy management system......................................................................................................................................................................................37
2.7.6 Remote maintenance.....................................................................................................................................................................................................37
2.8 Flowcharts...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................37
2.8.1 Mode shift........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 38
2.8.2 MB open sequence.........................................................................................................................................................................................................39
2.8.3 GB open sequence......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 40
2.8.4 Stop sequence..................................................................................................................................................................................................................41
2.8.5 Start sequence..................................................................................................................................................................................................................42
2.8.6 MB close sequence........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 43
2.8.7 GB close sequence.........................................................................................................................................................................................................44
2.8.8 Fixed power........................................................................................................................................................................................................................45
2.8.9 Load takeover................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 46
2.8.10 Island operation............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 47
2.8.11 Peak shaving...................................................................................................................................................................................................................48
2.8.12 Mains power export......................................................................................................................................................................................................49
2.8.13 Automatic Mains Failure.............................................................................................................................................................................................50
2.8.14 Test sequence................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 51
2.9 Sequences...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................51
2.9.1 Start sequence..................................................................................................................................................................................................................52
2.9.2 Start sequence conditions............................................................................................................................................................................................53
2.9.3 Running feedback........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 54
2.9.4 Start-up overview.............................................................................................................................................................................................................56
2.9.5 Start-up overview with idle run...................................................................................................................................................................................58
2.9.6 Stop sequence..................................................................................................................................................................................................................58
2.9.7 Breaker sequences.........................................................................................................................................................................................................60
2.9.8 AMF timers and set points...........................................................................................................................................................................................61
3. Standard protections
3.1 General..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................64
3.2 Phase sequence error and phase rotation................................................................................................................................................................ 65
3.2.1 Single DG applications..................................................................................................................................................................................................65
3.2.2 Standard/multiple controller applications...............................................................................................................................................................67
3.3 Loss of excitation....................................................................................................................................................................................................................69
3.4 Voltage-dependent over-current..................................................................................................................................................................................... 70
3.5 Unbalanced current................................................................................................................................................................................................................71
3.6 Unbalanced voltage............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 71
DESIGNER'S HANDBOOK 4189341275A EN Page 3 of 196
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