3.7 Over-excitation......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 72
3.8 Voltage-dependent (restraint) over-current.............................................................................................................................................................. 72
3.9 Decision of measurements................................................................................................................................................................................................ 73
4. PID regulator for governor and AVR
4.1 Description of PID controller............................................................................................................................................................................................ 75
4.2 Controllers.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 75
4.3 Principle drawing.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................76
4.4 Proportional regulator.......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 76
4.4.1 Speed range...................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 76
4.4.2 Dynamic regulation area...............................................................................................................................................................................................77
4.4.3 Integral regulator..............................................................................................................................................................................................................78
4.4.4 Derivative regulator.........................................................................................................................................................................................................78
4.5 Load share controller............................................................................................................................................................................................................79
4.6 Synchronising controller.................................................................................................................................................................................................... 80
4.7 Relay control..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................80
4.7.1 Relay adjustments...........................................................................................................................................................................................................81
4.7.2 Signal length......................................................................................................................................................................................................................82
4.8 Droop mode................................................................................................................................................................................................................................82
4.8.1 Principle and setup......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 82
4.8.2 Voltage droop example................................................................................................................................................................................................. 83
4.8.3 High droop setting........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 83
4.8.4 Low droop setting............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 84
4.8.5 Compensation for isochronous governors............................................................................................................................................................ 84
5. Synchronisation
5.1 Synchronisation principles................................................................................................................................................................................................85
5.2 Dynamic synchronisation...................................................................................................................................................................................................85
5.2.1 Close signal........................................................................................................................................................................................................................86
5.2.2 Load picture after synchronising............................................................................................................................................................................... 86
5.2.3 Adjustments....................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 87
5.3 Static synchronisation..........................................................................................................................................................................................................88
5.3.1 Phase controller............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 88
5.3.2 Close signal........................................................................................................................................................................................................................89
5.3.3 Load picture after synchronisation........................................................................................................................................................................... 89
5.3.4 Adjustments....................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 89
5.4 Close before excitation........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 90
5.4.1 Flowchart 1, GB handling.............................................................................................................................................................................................91
5.4.2 Flowchart 2, TB handling (option G5)..................................................................................................................................................................... 92
5.4.3 Genset start actions........................................................................................................................................................................................................92
5.4.4 Breaker sequence........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 93
5.4.5 "Close before excitation" failure.................................................................................................................................................................................94
5.4.6 Close before excitation without voltage control.................................................................................................................................................. 94
5.4.7 Close before excitation – additional control parameters.................................................................................................................................94
5.5 Separate synchronising relay...........................................................................................................................................................................................96
5.6 Inhibit conditions before synchronising mains breaker....................................................................................................................................97
6. Additional functions
6.1 Start functions...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................99
6.1.1 Digital feedbacks..............................................................................................................................................................................................................99
DESIGNER'S HANDBOOK 4189341275A EN Page 4 of 196
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