Table of Contents Model 6517B Electrometer Reference Manual
Connections ................................................................................................................ 3-1
Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 3-1
Electrometer input connector ............................................................................................... 3-1
Input configurations ................................................................................................................... 3-2
Maximum input levels ................................................................................................................ 3-2
Input protection ......................................................................................................................... 3-3
Connection methods ............................................................................................................ 3-4
High-resistance meter connections ........................................................................................... 3-4
Voltage source output connections ........................................................................................... 3-5
V-source probes and cables...................................................................................................... 3-6
Low-noise cables, shielding, and guarding .......................................................................... 3-6
Low-noise input cables .............................................................................................................. 3-7
Shielding and guarding ............................................................................................................. 3-7
Floating circuits .................................................................................................................... 3-9
Floating measurements ........................................................................................................... 3-10
Floating voltage source ........................................................................................................... 3-10
Test fixtures ........................................................................................................................ 3-11
Keithley Instruments Model 8009 test fixture........................................................................... 3-11
Custom built test fixtures ......................................................................................................... 3-12
Basic measurements .................................................................................................. 4-1
Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 4-1
Voltage measurements ........................................................................................................ 4-1
Basic measurement procedure ................................................................................................. 4-2
Volts configuration ..................................................................................................................... 4-4
Voltage measurement considerations ....................................................................................... 4-6
Current measurements ........................................................................................................ 4-9
Basic measurement procedure ............................................................................................... 4-10
Amps configuration ................................................................................................................. 4-12
Current measurement considerations ..................................................................................... 4-13
Resistance and resistivity measurements .......................................................................... 4-18
Auto V-source ......................................................................................................................... 4-18
Ohms ranges ........................................................................................................................... 4-19
Resistance measurements ...................................................................................................... 4-20
Resistivity measurements ....................................................................................................... 4-22
Ohms configuration ................................................................................................................. 4-27
Ohms measurement considerations ........................................................................................ 4-30
Charge measurements (Q) ................................................................................................ 4-31
Basic measurement procedure ............................................................................................... 4-31
Coulombs configuration .......................................................................................................... 4-33
Charge measurement considerations ..................................................................................... 4-34
Other measurement considerations ................................................................................... 4-35
Ground loops ........................................................................................................................... 4-35
Triboelectric effects ................................................................................................................. 4-36
Piezoelectric and stored charge effects .................................................................................. 4-36
Electrochemical effects ........................................................................................................... 4-37
Humidity .................................................................................................................................. 4-37
Light ........................................................................................................................................ 4-37
Electrostatic interference ......................................................................................................... 4-37
Magnetic fields ........................................................................................................................ 4-38
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