80-0000010B OM
91
The cylinder block has longitudinal channel, from which oil flows to the main bearings of
the crankshaft and bearings of the distributing shaft.
On outer surfaces of the cylinder block there are machined mating faces for securing
centrifugal oil filter, water pump, coarse and fine fuel filters, oil filler.
The main components of the crank-and-rod mechanism are crankshaft 14, pistons 7
with piston rings and pins 4, connecting rods 5, main and connecting rod bearing, flywheel 12.
Crankshaft 14 is made of steel, has five main bearing journals and four connecting rod
journals. There are cavities for additional centrifugal oil cleaning in the crankshaft connecting
rod journals. The journal cavities are closed with threaded plugs. The axial force of the crank-
shaft is perceived by four half rings mounted in the bores of the cylinder block and the cover of
the fifth main bearing. To reduce loads on the bearings from inertia force counterbalances 13
are mounted on the first, fourth, fifth and eighth crankshaft cheeks. In front and at the back
the crankshaft is sealed with gaskets. Valve timing drive gear (crankshaft gear), oil pump drive
gear, water pump and alternator drive pulley are mounted on the front end of the shaft. Fly-
wheel 12 is mounted on rear flange of the shaft.
Piston 7 is made of aluminum alloy. In the bottom of the piston a combustion chamber is
made. In the upper part the piston has three grooves, in the first two compression rings are
mounted, in the third an oil scraper ring is mounted. In the piston bosses holes for piston pin
are bored.
Piston pin 4 is hollow, made of chromium-nickel steel. Axial movement of the pin in the
piston bosses is limited by locking rings.
Connecting rod 5 is made of steel and is of I-shaped cross section. In its upper head a
bushing is pressed. There are holes in the upper head of the connecting rod and bushing for
lubrication of the piston pin. The boring of the bedplate for inserts in the lower head of the con-
necting rod is made in assembly with the cover. That is why swapping of the covers is not al-
lowed. The connecting rod and the cover have same numbers printed on their surfaces.
Flywheel 12 is made of cast iron, is attached to the crankshaft flange by the bolts. Steel
ring gear is pressed on the flywheel.
The valve timing mechanism consists of the distributing shaft, intake and exhaust
valves, as well as the parts of their setting and actuation: pushers, rods, rocker arms, adjusting
screws with nuts, retainers with cotters, springs and racks and rocker arm shaft.
The engine supply system, in accordance with figure 3.1.2, consists of fuel pump 4, in-
jectors 14, low pressure and high pressure lines, air cleaner 8, intake and exhaust manifold,
fuel coarse filter 2 and fine fuel filter 7, fuel tank 1, mounted on the tractor.
High pressure fuel pump 4 (figure 3.1.2) is mounted on the engine. All pump models are
driven from the engine crankshaft through timing gears. Fuel pumps have all-regime controller
and a piston type priming pump, two control levers. In the pump controller there are fuel supply
corrector, automatic fuel enrichment valve (on starting rpm). Priming pump 5 is mounted on
the high pressure pump housing and is driven by the eccentric of the camshaft. Working parts of
the fuel pump are lubricated with flowing oil, inflowing from the engine lubrication system into
the engine housing through a special hole in the flange. Oil drain from pump housing into
the engine crankcase is carried out in a special drilling in the flange.
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