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GE 745 User Manual

GE 745
314 pages
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GE Grid Solutions
650 Markland Street
Markham, Ontario
Canada L6C 0M1
Tel: +1 905 927 7070 Fax: +1 905 927 5098
Internet: http://www.gegridsolutions.com
745 revision: 5.20
Manual Part Number: 1601-0161-AG
GE publication code: GEK-106635Q
745
Transformer Protection System
Instruction Manual
GE
Grid Solutions
*1601-0161-AG*
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GE 745 Specifications

General IconGeneral
Input Frequency50/60 Hz
Amperage30A
Voltage208V
Input Voltage208V
Output Voltage208V
Maximum Current30A
MountingRackmount
Operating Temperature0 to 50°C
Humidity Range5% to 95% non-condensing

Summary

Chapter 1: Getting Started

1.1 Important Procedures

Covers initial setup and important procedures before operating the relay.

1.1.3 Manual Organization

Explains the structure of the manual and how setpoints and actual values are indicated.

1.2 Using the Relay

Details how to navigate the relay's menus and access setpoints and actual values.

1.2.1 Menu Navigation

Describes the key sequences for navigating through menus, setpoints, and actual values.

1.2.2 Panel Keying Example

Provides an example illustrating the key-press sequence to access and change setpoints.

1.3 Changing Setpoints

Explains how to edit and store different types of setpoint values.

1.3.2 Using the HELP Key

Details how to use the HELP key to view setpoint range, minimum, maximum, and step values.

1.3.3 Numerical Setpoints

Describes methods for editing and storing numerical setpoint values using keypad or value keys.

1.4 Security

Covers security features including installation and passcode management.

1.4.1 Installation

Explains how to set the relay to the 'Programmed' state after installation.

Chapter 2: Overview

2.1 Introduction

Provides an overview of the 745 Transformer Protection System and its features.

2.1.1 Description

Describes the 745 system as a multi-processor relay for transformer protection and management.

2.1.2 Protection Features

Lists the protection features available for windings and common protection elements.

2.2 Specifications

Details the applicability, inputs, outputs, and miscellaneous specifications of the 745.

2.2.1 Applicability

Specifies the transformers and frequencies for which the 745 is applicable.

2.2.2 Inputs

Provides detailed specifications for control power, phase current, ground current, and voltage inputs.

Chapter 3: Installation

3.1 Drawout Case

Describes the drawout case and its role in mechanical protection and electrical connections.

3.1.1 Case Description

Details the case description, mechanical protection, and electrical connections for the drawout relay.

3.1.2 Panel Cutout

Provides dimensions for single and double 745 relay panel cutouts for mounting.

3.1.3 Case Mounting

Explains the procedure for mounting the relay case into the supporting panel.

3.1.4 Unit Withdrawal and Insertion

Provides step-by-step instructions for safely removing and inserting the relay unit from its case.

3.1.5 Ethernet connection

Describes how to connect the Ethernet cable for communication, including precautions.

3.2 Typical Wiring

Covers important aspects of interconnections, including instrument transformer inputs and outputs.

3.2.1 Description

Introduces the typical wiring section covering interconnections for various applications.

3.2.2 Rear Terminal Layout

Illustrates the layout of the rear terminals for connecting wiring to the relay.

3.2.3 Wiring Diagrams

Provides typical wiring diagrams for two-winding and three-winding transformers.

3.2.4 Phase Sequence and Transformer Polarity

Explains the importance of phase sequence and transformer polarity for relay features.

3.2.5 Current Transformer Inputs

Details the 745's AC current inputs, including primary CT ratings and ground input associations.

3.2.6 AC Voltage Input

Describes the single AC voltage divider input for measuring system voltage.

3.2.7 Logic Inputs

Explains how to connect external contacts to the 16 logic inputs, including dry and wet contacts.

3.2.8 Control Power

Details the control power supply requirements and potential voltage mismatch warnings.

3.2.9 Analog Input

Describes the general purpose DC current input for monitoring external quantities and its configuration.

3.2.10 Tap Position Input

Explains the input for monitoring the onload tap changer position and its relation to CT ratio mismatch.

3.2.11 RTD Driver/Sensor

Details the connections for RTD devices using two or three wires for temperature monitoring.

3.2.12 Output Relays

Describes the eight output relays, their contact types, and programmability via FlexLogic™.

3.2.13 Solid State Trip Output

Describes the high-speed solid state output for keying communication channels.

3.2.14 Analog Outputs

Details the seven analog output channels, their ranges, and programming for measured parameters.

3.2.15 RS485/RS422 Communications

Explains the two rear communication ports implementing Modbus protocol for monitoring and control.

3.2.16 RS232 Front Panel Program Port

Describes the 9-pin RS232C serial port on the front panel for programming via PC.

3.2.17 IRIG-B

Explains IRIG-B as a standard time code format for synchronizing events within 1 millisecond.

3.2.18 Dielectric Strength

Discusses the dielectric strength test performed at the manufacturer and its necessity at the customer site.

Chapter 4: Interfaces

4.1 Hardware Interface

Details the front panel interface including display, LEDs, control keys, and program port.

4.1.1 Front Panel

Describes the front panel's local operator interface with LCD, LEDs, keys, and RS232 port.

4.1.2 Display

Explains the 40-character LCD display, its messages, and how trip/alarm conditions override defaults.

4.1.3 LEDs

Categorizes front panel indicators into Relay, System, and Output status with color coding for importance.

4.1.4 LED Indicators

Details the meaning of various status indicators like Relay In Service, Self-Test Error, and Test Mode.

4.1.5 Program Port

Describes the front panel program port for RS232 communications using EnerVista 745 Setup software.

4.1.6 Keypad

Explains the organization of display messages into menus, pages, and sub-pages, and navigation keys.

4.1.6.2 Entering alphanumeric text

Details the process of editing and storing text setpoints using the decimal, VALUE, and ENTER keys.

4.1.7 Setpoint Entry

Explains the requirements for setpoint entry, including access terminals and passcode features.

4.2 EnerVista Software Interface

Introduces the EnerVista 745 Setup software as a GUI for configuration, monitoring, and maintenance.

4.2.1 Overview

Describes the EnerVista 745 Setup software's capabilities for managing relay functions.

4.2.3 Installing the EnerVista 745 Setup Software

Provides minimum computer requirements and procedures for installing the EnerVista 745 Setup software.

4.3 Connecting EnerVista 745 Setup to the relay

Details the configuration of serial and Ethernet communications for connecting EnerVista 745 Setup to the relay.

4.3.1 Configuring serial communications

Explains how to set up serial communications, including RS232 and RS485 connections.

4.3.2 Using the Quick Connect Feature

Describes the Quick Connect button for establishing a fast connection through the front panel RS232 port.

4.3.3 Configuring Ethernet communications

Details the steps to configure Ethernet communications by connecting the Ethernet cable and setting IP addresses.

4.3.4 Connecting to the Relay

Explains how to connect to the relay via the EnerVista 745 Setup software after configuring communications.

4.4 Working with Setpoints and Setpoint Files

Covers engaging a device and entering setpoints using the EnerVista 745 Setup software.

4.4.1 Engaging a Device

Explains how to use EnerVista 745 Setup in online mode to communicate directly with a 745 relay.

4.4.2 Entering Setpoints

Illustrates entering setpoints, specifically current sensing setpoints, using the system setup page.

4.4.3 File Support

Describes how EnerVista 745 Setup files are managed, added to the tree, and sorted alphabetically.

4.4.4 Using Setpoints Files

Explains the three ways EnerVista 745 Setup handles changes to relay settings and organizes setting files.

4.4.4.2 Downloading and Saving Setpoints Files

Details the procedure for saving setpoint files to a local PC before firmware upgrades or changes.

4.4.4.4 Creating a New Setpoint File

Illustrates how to create new setpoint files independently of a connected device for later upload.

4.4.4.5 Upgrading Setpoint Files to a New Revision

Explains how to upgrade setpoint files to match new firmware revisions.

4.5 Upgrading Relay Firmware

Provides procedures for upgrading the 745 relay firmware with new files from the GE Multilin website.

4.5.1 Description

Outlines the process of upgrading the 745 firmware to the latest version.

4.5.2 Saving Setpoints to a File

Emphasizes the importance of saving current 745 settings to a file before firmware upgrades.

4.6 Advanced EnerVista 745 Setup Features

Introduces advanced features like triggered events, waveform capture, and trending.

4.6.1 Triggered Events

Explains how to view and analyze data from triggered events using the event recorder and oscillography.

4.6.2 Waveform Capture (trace memory)

Details how to capture waveforms (trace memory) from the 745 relay at the instance of a trip.

4.6.3 Trending (data logger)

Describes the trending feature for sampling and recording actual values, and graphing parameters.

4.6.4 Event Recorder

Explains how to view the event recorder using EnerVista 745 Setup to review stored transformer and system information.

4.6.5 Modbus User Map

Describes the Modbus user map for programming 745 user map addresses (0180h to 01F7h).

4.6.6 Viewing Actual Values

Guides on how to view real-time relay data like input/output status and measured parameters.

4.7 Using EnerVista Viewpoint with the 745

Covers installing and using EnerVista Viewpoint software for accessing critical 745 information.

4.7.1 Plug and Play Example

Illustrates the plug-and-play connection of EnerVista Viewpoint to the 745 relay.

Chapter 5: Setpoints

5.1 Overview

Provides an overview of the 745 relay's programmable settings and how they are grouped.

5.1.1 Setpoint Message Map

Maps out the setpoint pages and their corresponding sections in the manual.

5.1.2 Setpoint entry

Describes methods for entering setpoints: front panel keypad, computer software, or SCADA.

5.1.3 Setpoint Write Access

Explains the hardware and passcode security features for protecting against unauthorized setpoint changes.

5.2 Auto-configuration

Explains the auto-configuration process for transformer differential protection using CT ratios and phase shifts.

5.2.1 Introduction

Introduces auto-configuration for transformer differential protection, simplifying CT configuration.

5.2.2 Dynamic CT Ratio Mismatch Correction

Details how the 745 automatically corrects for CT mismatch based on voltage ratios and tap changer position.

5.2.3 Phase Shifts on Three-phase Transformers

Explains the requirement to identify winding terminals and phase relationships using phasor diagrams.

5.2.5 Zero-sequence Component Removal

Describes how the 745 removes zero-sequence current from Wye/Delta transformers to prevent maloperation.

5.2.6 Transformer Types

Provides a comprehensive table of transformer types and their associated voltage phasors and phase shifts.

5.3 S1 745 setup

Covers the S1 745 setup menu, including passcode, preferences, and communications.

5.3.1 Passcode

Details the passcode feature for security, including enabling, restricting, and changing the passcode.

5.3.2 Preferences

Explains preferences like flash message time and default message timeout for user customization.

5.3.3 Communications

Covers communication settings including DNP, Network, and Port setup for relay connectivity.

5.3.3.1 Main Menu

Overview of the main communications menu, including DNP and Network setup options.

5.3.3.2 Port Setup

Details settings for communication ports (COM1, COM2, Front) like slave address, baud rate, and parity.

5.3.7 Scratchpad

Explains how to program up to five message screens for identification or operator instructions.

5.3.8 Installation

Describes how the relay prevents operation until setpoints are programmed, indicated by LED status.

5.3.9 Upgrade Options

Covers settings for enabling features like analog I/O, loss of life, restricted ground fault, and entering passcodes for upgrades.

5.4 S2 System Setup

Covers critical setpoints for transformer characteristics, inputs, and system configuration.

5.4.1 Description

Introduces the S2 System Setup group for configuring transformer and system parameters.

5.4.2 Transformer

Details setpoints for transformer characteristics like frequency, phase sequence, type, and ratings for accurate protection.

5.4.3 Windings 1 to 3

Describes setpoints for each transformer winding and connected CTs, including voltage, load, and CT primary ratings.

5.4.4 Onload Tap Changer

Explains settings to configure tap position input for dynamic CT ratio mismatch correction.

5.4.5 Harmonics

Covers settings for calculating harmonic components and total harmonic distortion (THD).

5.4.6 FlexCurves™

Details the settings for three programmable custom FlexCurves™ for time overcurrent elements.

5.4.7 Voltage Input

Describes the voltage input for energization detection, overexcitation, and frequency protection.

5.4.8 Ambient Temperature

Covers ambient temperature sensing using RTD or monthly average values for insulation aging calculations.

5.4.9 Analog Input

Details the general purpose DC current input for monitoring external quantities and its configuration.

5.4.10 Demand Metering

Explains setpoints for monitoring current demand using thermal, rolling, or block interval methods.

5.5 S3 Logic Inputs

Covers logic inputs and virtual inputs for activating functions like protection blocking and energization detection.

5.5.1 Description

Introduces the two types of digital inputs: logic inputs with physical terminals and virtual inputs.

5.5.2 Logic Inputs 1 to 16

Details setpoints for logic inputs, including function, target, name, and asserted state.

5.5.3 Virtual Inputs 1 to 16

Explains setpoints for virtual inputs, including function, target, name, and programmed state.

5.6 S4 Elements

Covers configuration of protection and monitoring elements like differential, overcurrent, and frequency.

5.6.1 Introduction to Elements

Introduces protection and monitoring elements and common setpoints across all elements.

5.6.2 Setpoint Group

Details how setpoints are organized into four groups, with one active at a time, and how to manage them.

5.6.3 Differential Element

Covers settings for the percent differential element and its associated harmonic inhibit features.

5.6.3.1 Main menu

Overview of the differential element settings, including harmonic inhibit features.

5.6.3.2 Percent Differential

Details settings for the percent-slope characteristic of the differential element to prevent maloperation.

5.6.3.3 Harmonic inhibit

Covers percent differential harmonic inhibit settings to prevent maloperation due to harmonics.

5.6.3.4 Energization inhibit

Details the harmonic inhibit feature used during energization and sympathetic inrush.

5.6.3.5 Fifth harmonic inhibit

Covers the 5th harmonic inhibit feature to prevent maloperation during intentional overexcitation.

5.6.4 Instantaneous Differential

Details settings for the instantaneous differential element for protection under high magnitude internal faults.

5.6.5 Phase Overcurrent

Covers phase time overcurrents and two levels of phase instantaneous overcurrent for each phase of each winding.

5.6.5.1 Main menu

Overview of phase overcurrent settings, including time and instantaneous overcurrents for each winding.

5.6.5.2 Time Overcurrent Curves

Explains the available inverse time overcurrent curve shapes and the use of FlexCurves™ and Definite Time.

5.6.5.3 Winding 1 Elements

Details the setpoints for phase time overcurrent elements, including pickup, shape, multiplier, reset, and block.

5.6.5.4 Winding 1 to 3 Phase Instantaneous Overcurrent

Details setpoints for phase instantaneous overcurrent elements for windings 1 to 3.

5.6.6 Neutral overcurrent

Covers neutral time overcurrent and instantaneous overcurrent elements for each winding.

5.6.6.1 Main menu

Overview of neutral overcurrent settings, including time and instantaneous overcurrents.

5.6.6.2 Neutral Time Overcurrent

Details setpoints for neutral time overcurrent elements, including pickup, shape, multiplier, and reset.

5.6.6.3 Neutral Instantaneous Overcurrent

Details setpoints for neutral instantaneous overcurrent elements, including pickup, delay, and block.

5.6.7 Ground Overcurrent

Covers ground time and instantaneous overcurrent elements for each associated winding.

5.6.7.1 Main Menu

Overview of ground overcurrent settings, including time and instantaneous overcurrents for associated windings.

5.6.7.2 Ground Time Overcurrent

Details setpoints for ground time overcurrent elements, including pickup, shape, multiplier, and reset.

5.6.7.3 Ground Instantaneous Overcurrent

Details setpoints for ground instantaneous overcurrent elements, including pickup, delay, and block.

5.6.8 Restricted Ground Fault

Covers setpoints for restricted ground fault protection, intended for impedance grounded wye transformers.

5.6.8.1 Description

Introduces restricted ground fault protection and its application for impedance grounded wye transformers.

5.6.8.2 Winding 1 Element

Details setpoints for the winding 1 restricted ground fault element, including pickup, slope, and delay.

5.6.9 Negative Sequence Overcurrent

Covers negative sequence time and instantaneous overcurrent elements for each winding.

5.6.9.1 Main Menu

Overview of negative sequence overcurrent settings, including time and instantaneous overcurrents.

5.6.9.2 Negative Sequence Time Overcurrent

Details setpoints for negative sequence time overcurrent elements, including pickup, shape, and multiplier.

5.6.9.3 Negative Sequence Instantaneous Overcurrent

Details setpoints for negative sequence instantaneous overcurrent elements, including pickup and delay.

5.6.10 Frequency

Covers underfrequency, frequency rate-of-change, and overfrequency elements for load shedding and system restoration.

5.6.10.1 Main Menu

Overview of frequency elements: underfrequency, frequency decay, and overfrequency.

5.6.10.2 Underfrequency

Details setpoints for underfrequency elements, including function, target, sensing, and pickup.

5.6.10.3 Frequency Decay

Details setpoints for frequency decay elements, including function, target, sensing, and rate.

5.6.10.4 Overfrequency

Details setpoints for overfrequency elements, including function, target, sensing, pickup, and delay.

5.6.11 Overexcitation

Covers overexcitation monitoring elements: 5th harmonic level and two volts-per-hertz elements.

5.6.11.1 Main Menu

Overview of overexcitation monitoring elements: 5th harmonic level and volts-per-hertz.

5.6.11.2 Fifth Harmonic Level

Details setpoints for the 5th harmonic level element, including minimum current, pickup, and delay.

5.6.11.3 Volts per Hertz

Details setpoints for volts-per-hertz elements, including function, shape, delay, and reset.

5.6.12 Harmonics

Covers settings for total harmonic distortion (THD) level and harmonic derating factor.

5.6.12.1 Main Menu

Overview of harmonic monitoring elements: THD level and harmonic derating.

5.6.12.2 THD Level

Details setpoints for THD level elements, including minimum current, pickup, and delay.

5.6.12.3 Harmonic Derating

Details setpoints for the harmonic derating function, including minimum current, pickup, and delay.

5.6.13 Insulation Aging

Covers elements for insulation aging: hottest-spot limit, aging factor limit, and loss of life limit.

5.6.13.1 Main Menu

Overview of insulation aging features: hottest-spot limit, aging factor limit, and loss of life limit.

5.6.13.2 Hottest Spot Limit

Details setpoints for the hottest-spot limit element for detecting abnormal transformer hot spots.

5.6.13.3 Aging factor limit

Details setpoints for the aging factor limit element, used to detect when a transformer is aging faster than normal.

5.6.13.4 Loss of Life Limit

Details setpoints for the loss of life limit element, computing expended transformer life based on aging factor.

5.6.14 Analog Input Level

Details setpoints for analog input levels, used to monitor external quantities via auxiliary current input.

5.6.15 Current Demand

Covers setpoints for current demand monitoring elements for each winding.

5.6.16 Transformer Overload

Details setpoints for the transformer overload element, based on phase A current and transformer loading.

5.6.17 Tap Changer Failure

Details setpoints for the tap changer failure element, which monitors resistance for potential failures.

5.7 S5 Outputs

Contains settings to configure all outputs, including digital outputs and FlexLogic™ equations.

5.7.1 Description

Introduces the S5 Outputs page for configuring all output settings and programmable FlexLogic™ equations.

5.7.2 Relay Assignments

Explains how output auxiliary relays can be assigned directly from element settings or via FlexLogic™.

5.7.3 Introduction to FlexLogic™

Introduces FlexLogic™ as a flexible equation format for assigning protection and monitoring elements to outputs.

5.7.5 Output Relays

Details settings for output relays 1 to 8, including name, operation, type, and FlexLogic™ equations.

5.7.6 Trace Memory

Describes trace memory (oscillography) settings, including pre-trigger cycles and FlexLogic™ equations for triggering.

5.7.7 Virtual Outputs

Explains how virtual outputs use FlexLogic™ equations and can be used as inputs to other equations.

5.7.8 Timers

Details the ten independent timers available for implementing custom schemes and their start/pickup/dropout delays.

5.8 S6 Testing

Covers diagnostic tools for verifying relay functionality, including output relay and analog output testing.

5.8.1 Description

Introduces diagnostic tools for verifying relay functionality, including output overrides and simulation.

5.8.2 Output Relays

Explains how to override normal output relay functions for testing purposes, enabling the Test Mode LED.

5.8.3 Analog Outputs

Describes how to override analog transducer outputs, forcing them to any level of their output range.

5.8.4 Simulation

Covers simulation features for testing relay functionality with programmed conditions without external inputs.

5.8.4.1 Main Menu

Overview of simulation features, including simulation setup and fault/prefault values.

5.8.4.2 Simulation Setup

Details simulation function modes (Disabled, Prefault, Fault, Playback) and blocking of outputs.

5.8.4.3 Prefault Values

Details setpoints for prefault values, including phase current magnitude and voltage input magnitude.

5.8.4.4 Fault Values

Details setpoints for fault values, including phase and ground current magnitudes and angles.

Chapter 6: Actual values

6.1 Overview

Provides an overview of actual values, including measured values, event records, and product information.

6.1.1 Message Map

Maps out the actual value sections accessible via the front panel, program port, or RS485/RS422 ports.

6.1.2 Description

Explains how actual value messages are organized into logical groups or pages for easy reference.

6.2 A1 Status

Covers status information including network status, date and time, logic inputs, virtual inputs, and output relays.

6.2.1 Network Status

Details the status of the Ethernet link, connection, and diagnostics, including link and connection status.

6.2.2 Date and Time

Displays the current date and time of the relay, which is synchronized by IRIG-B if available.

6.2.3 Logic Inputs

Shows the states of logic inputs 1 through 16 and the setpoint access state.

6.2.4 Virtual Inputs

Displays the states of virtual inputs 1 through 16.

6.2.5 Output Relays

Displays the states of output relays 1 through 8 and the self-test relay.

6.2.6 Virtual Outputs

Displays the states of virtual outputs 1 through 5.

6.2.7 Self-test Errors

Displays FLEXLOGIC EQN ERROR and BAD SETTINGS ERROR values indicating the source and cause of errors.

6.3 A2 Metering

Covers metering functions including current, harmonic content, frequency, tap changer, voltage, demand, power, and energy.

6.3.1 Current

Details the measurement of fundamental frequency current magnitudes and phase angles for windings and sequence components.

6.3.1.1 Main Menu

Overview of current metering, including phase, sequence, differential, restraint, and ground currents.

6.3.1.2 Winding Currents

Displays fundamental frequency current magnitudes and phase angles for winding 1 phases A, B, C, neutral, and ground.

6.3.1.3 Positive-sequence Current

Shows positive-sequence current magnitudes and phase values, referenced to winding 1 phase A.

6.3.1.4 Negative-sequence Current

Displays negative-sequence current magnitudes and phase values, referenced to winding 1 phase A.

6.3.1.5 Zero-sequence Current

Displays zero-sequence current magnitudes and phase values for windings 1, 2, and 3.

6.3.1.6 Differential Current

Shows differential current magnitudes and angles for phases A, B, and C, referenced to winding 1 phase A.

6.3.1.7 Restraint Current

Displays restraint current magnitudes for phases A, B, and C.

6.3.1.8 Ground Differential Current

Displays ground differential current magnitudes for windings 1 through 3.

6.3.2 Harmonic Content

Covers measurement of harmonic components, total harmonic distortion (THD), and harmonic derating factor.

6.3.2.1 Main Menu

Overview of harmonic content measurements: 2nd harmonic, 21st harmonic, THD, and harmonic derating.

6.3.2.2 Harmonic Sub-components

Details the display of harmonic components, showing magnitudes for phases A, B, C of windings.

6.3.2.3 Total Harmonic Distortion (THD)

Explains THD calculation and display, showing distortion as a percentage of the fundamental frequency component.

6.3.2.4 Harmonic Derating Factor

Displays the harmonic derating factor for each winding, showing the effect of non-sinusoidal load currents.

6.3.3 Frequency

Covers system frequency calculation from voltage or current input, and frequency decay rate.

6.3.4 Tap Changer

Displays the actual tap position, showing 'n/a' if tap position sensing is disabled.

6.3.5 Voltage

Displays system line-to-line voltage and volts-per-hertz values, referenced to winding 1 phase A current.

6.3.6 Demand

Covers current demand measurement per phase and winding, including maximum demand since last clear.

6.3.6.1 Main Menu

Overview of demand metering: current demand, and demand data clear functionality.

6.3.6.2 Demand Data Clear

Explains how to clear maximum demand data and displays the date and time of the last clear.

6.3.6.3 Current Demand

Displays current demand for winding 1 phases A through C, including maximum demand and date/time.

6.3.7 Ambient Temperature

Monitors ambient temperature via an RTD connected to the 745.

6.3.8 Loss of Life

Displays hottest-spot winding temperature, insulation aging factor, and total accumulated loss of life.

6.3.9 Analog Input

Details setpoints for analog input levels, used to monitor external quantities via auxiliary current input.

6.3.10 Power

Calculates and displays real, reactive, and apparent power, and power factor for available windings.

6.3.11 Energy

Calculates and displays watthours and varhours for source and load currents for all available windings.

6.3.11.2 Energy Data Clear

Explains how to clear all energy data and displays the date and time of the last clear.

6.3.11.3 Windings 1 to 3 Energy

Displays source and load watthours and varhours for winding 1, repeated for windings 2 and 3.

6.4 A3 Event Recorder

Covers event data clearing and detailed event records, including date, time, cause, and measured values.

6.4.1 Event Data Clear

Explains how to clear all event recorder data and assign a logic input for remote clearing.

6.4.2 Event Records

Details the information displayed for each event, including current, harmonic content, frequency, and voltage.

6.6 Target and Flash Messages

Covers target messages indicating active targets and flash messages for warnings or errors.

6.6.1 Target Messages

Explains target messages displayed when protection, monitoring, or self-test targets are activated.

6.6.2 Self-test Errors

Describes major and minor self-test errors, their interpretation, and causes.

6.6.3 Flash Messages

Lists and describes flash messages displayed in response to key presses, including their duration and causes.

Chapter 7: Commissioning

7.1 General

Provides an introduction to verification procedures, safety precautions, and conventions for commissioning the 745 relay.

7.1.1 Introduction

Introduces the commissioning chapter, outlining tests for verifying relay operation and features.

7.1.2 Testing Philosophy

Explains the testing philosophy, focusing on calibration and cursory verification of features.

7.1.3 Safety Precautions

Outlines essential safety precautions to be observed before testing the relay to prevent injury or damage.

7.2 Preliminary Work

Covers preliminary tasks before testing, including reviewing the manual, verifying installation, and setting the relay.

7.2.1 Description

Describes preliminary work steps: familiarizing with the relay, verifying installation, and setting the relay.

7.2.2 Dielectric Strength Testing

Details dielectric strength testing procedures and precautions to prevent damage during tests.

7.3 Logic Inputs and Output Relays

Covers testing of logic inputs and output relays, including dry/wet contact connections and output relay forcing.

7.3.1 Logic Inputs

Explains how to test logic inputs by connecting switches and verifying their states via actual values.

7.3.2 Output Relays

Details how to verify output relay functioning using the Force Output Relays feature and a multimeter.

7.4 Metering

Covers verification of AC current and voltage inputs, sequence components, and transformer type selection.

7.4.1 Description

Introduces metering verification, comparing readings with specifications and checking instrumentation accuracy.

7.4.2 Current Inputs

Describes verifying AC current inputs by supplying rated currents and reading values under A2 Metering.

7.4.4 Transformer Type Selection

Explains how the 745 automatically configures for CT ratio mismatch and phase shift using transformer data.

7.4.4.2 Automatic Transformation

Illustrates automatic configuration routines examining CT ratios, voltage ratios, and phase shifts.

7.4.4.3 Effects of Zero-sequence Compensation Removal

Explains how transformation removes zero-sequence current from Wye/Delta signals and its effect on unbalanced conditions.

7.4.5 Ambient Temperature Input

Details basic calibration of RTD input and preferred approach for ambient temperature sensing.

7.4.5.1 Basic Calibration of RTD Input

Guides on enabling ambient temperature sensing and connecting an RTD for verification.

7.4.6 Analog outputs

Describes how to verify analog output settings by connecting a milliammeter and applying input signals.

7.4.7 Tap Position

Explains how to verify tap changer operation by connecting a variable resistor and observing the tap position display.

7.5 Protection Schemes

Covers testing of protection schemes including harmonic restraint percent differential and instantaneous differential.

7.5.1 Precaution

Emphasizes tracking and restoring settings modifications made during commissioning.

7.5.2 Harmonic Restrained Percent Differential

Details procedures for testing the harmonic restrained percent differential element's minimum pickup and operating time.

7.5.2.1 Description

Introduces the harmonic restrained percent differential element and its setpoints.

7.5.2.2 Minimum Pickup

Explains how to measure the minimum pickup of the phase A element by applying AC current.

7.5.2.7 Slope Measurements

Guides on measuring the slope of the differential element using displayed actual values.

7.5.2.8 Slope Kneepoint

Details the procedure for measuring the approximate kneepoint location of the differential element.

7.5.2.10 Fifth Harmonic Restraint

Describes testing the 5th harmonic restraint by generating fundamental and 5th harmonic current signals.

7.5.2.11 Energization Detection Scheme

Details testing the energization detection feature using current-level enabling and setpoint adjustments.

7.5.3 Instantaneous Differential Protection

Covers settings and testing for the instantaneous differential element for protection under high magnitude internal faults.

7.5.3.1 Overview

Introduces the instantaneous differential element settings and testing procedures.

7.5.3.2 Minimum Pickup

Explains how to measure the operating level of the phase A instantaneous differential element.

7.5.4 Phase Time Overcurrent

Verifies phase time overcurrent performance against in-service settings and timing curves.

7.5.4.1 Description

Introduces phase time overcurrent verification, emphasizing the need for expected operating times.

7.5.4.2 Winding 1 Elements

Details how to test phase time overcurrent elements for winding 1, disabling other features.

7.5.5 Phase Instantaneous Overcurrent 1

Verifies phase instantaneous overcurrent 1 performance against in-service settings and test procedures.

7.5.5.1 Description

Describes the procedure to verify phase instantaneous overcurrent 1 performance.

7.5.5.2 Winding 1 elements

Details how to test phase instantaneous overcurrent 1 elements for winding 1, disabling other features.

7.5.5.3 Pickup level

Explains how to measure the pickup level for the phase instantaneous overcurrent 1 element.

7.5.5.4 Operating Time

Guides on measuring the operating time for the phase instantaneous overcurrent 1 element.

7.5.5.5 Phase B and C Elements

Instructs to repeat pickup level tests for phases B and C of winding 1.

7.5.5.6 Winding 2 and 3 elements

Explains the need to repeat tests for windings 2 and 3 due to potentially different parameters.

7.5.7 Neutral Time Overcurrent

Verifies neutral time overcurrent performance against in-service settings and timing curves.

7.5.7.1 Description

Introduces neutral time overcurrent verification, noting the use of zero-sequence current as input.

7.5.7.2 Winding 1 Element

Details how to test neutral time overcurrent elements for winding 1, disabling other features.

7.5.8 Neutral Instantaneous Overcurrent 1

Verifies neutral instantaneous overcurrent 1 performance against in-service settings and test procedures.

7.5.8.1 Description

Describes the procedure to verify neutral instantaneous overcurrent 1 performance.

7.5.8.2 Winding 1 Element

Details how to test neutral instantaneous overcurrent 1 elements for winding 1, disabling other features.

7.5.9 Neutral Instantaneous Overcurrent 2

Explains that testing for neutral instantaneous overcurrent 2 is identical to element 1, with appropriate changes.

7.5.10 Ground Time Overcurrent

Verifies ground time overcurrent performance against in-service settings and timing curves.

7.5.10.1 Description

Introduces ground time overcurrent verification, noting the use of ground current input CT.

7.5.10.2 Winding 1 Element

Details how to test ground time overcurrent elements for winding 1, disabling other features.

7.5.11 Ground Instantaneous Overcurrent 1

Verifies ground instantaneous overcurrent 1 performance against in-service settings and test procedures.

7.5.11.1 Description

Describes the procedure to verify ground instantaneous overcurrent 1 performance.

7.5.11.2 Winding 1 Element

Details how to test ground instantaneous overcurrent 1 elements for winding 1, disabling other features.

7.5.11.5 Winding 2 or 3 Element

Explains the need to repeat tests for windings 2 and 3 due to potentially different parameters.

7.5.12 Ground Instantaneous Overcurrent 2

Explains that testing for ground instantaneous overcurrent 2 is identical to element 1, with appropriate changes.

7.5.13 Restricted Ground Fault Polarity Test

Verifies correct wiring of field CTs for restricted ground fault protection by checking fault current distribution.

7.5.14 Restricted Ground Fault Element Test

Verifies restricted ground fault performance against in-service settings, measuring pickup, slope, and delay.

7.5.14.1 Description

Introduces restricted ground fault testing and its setpoints found in the S4 Elements menu.

7.5.14.2 Winding 1 Element

Details how to test the winding 1 restricted ground fault element, disabling other features.

7.5.14.5 Slope

Guides on measuring the slope for the restricted ground fault element by connecting current signals.

7.5.15 Negative-sequence Time Overcurrent

Verifies negative-sequence time overcurrent performance against in-service settings and timing curves.

7.5.15.1 Description

Introduces negative-sequence time overcurrent verification and its associated timing curves.

7.5.15.2 Winding 1 Element

Details how to test negative-sequence time overcurrent elements for winding 1, disabling other features.

7.5.16 Negative-sequence Instantaneous Overcurrent

Verifies negative-sequence instantaneous overcurrent performance against in-service settings and test procedures.

7.5.16.1 Description

Describes the procedure to verify negative-sequence instantaneous overcurrent performance.

7.5.16.2 Winding 1 element

Details how to test negative-sequence instantaneous overcurrent elements for winding 1, disabling other features.

7.5.16.3 Pickup Level

Explains how to measure the pickup level for the negative-sequence instantaneous overcurrent element.

7.5.17 Frequency

Covers underfrequency, frequency decay rate, and overfrequency elements testing.

7.5.17.1 Setup

Outlines setup for frequency measurements using voltage or current inputs.

7.5.17.2 Underfrequency 1

Details testing of the underfrequency 1 element using voltage or current inputs.

7.5.17.3 Underfrequency 2

Instructs to repeat underfrequency 1 tests for the underfrequency 2 element, verifying settings.

7.5.17.4 Overfrequency

Details testing of the overfrequency element using voltage input, including frequency and voltage checks.

7.5.17.5 Frequency Decay Rate

Explains how to verify frequency decay rate elements using a programmable function generator.

7.5.18 Overexcitation

Covers testing of volts-per-hertz elements and the fifth harmonic restraint scheme.

7.5.18.1 Volts per Hertz

Details testing of volts-per-hertz elements by applying voltage and frequency signals and measuring operation.

7.5.18.2 Fifth Harmonic Scheme

Describes testing the 5th harmonic scheme by exceeding the threshold with fundamental and 5th harmonic current.

7.5.19 Insulation Aging

Covers testing of insulation aging elements: hottest-spot limit, aging factor limit, and loss of life limit.

7.5.19.1 Description

Introduces insulation aging testing, requiring transformer data and ambient temperature programming.

7.5.19.2 Hottest-spot Limit

Details testing the hottest-spot limit element by applying current to simulate load and observing temperature.

7.5.19.3 Aging Factor Limit

Details testing the aging factor limit element by applying current and observing the aging factor value.

7.5.19.4 Loss of Life Limit

Details setpoints for the loss of life limit element, computing expended transformer life based on aging factor.

7.5.20 Tap Monitor Failure

Details testing the tap monitor failure element by simulating tap changer resistance.

7.6 Auxiliary protection and monitoring functions

Covers testing of auxiliary protection and monitoring functions like THD level and harmonic derating.

7.6.1 THD Level Scheme

Details testing the THD level element, including minimum pickup, operating time, and target/message verification.

7.6.1.1 Minimum Pickup

Explains how to test the THD level element's minimum pickup by increasing DC component to produce harmonics.

7.6.1.4 Other THD Elements

Explains how to program and verify THD elements for each winding of the transformer.

7.6.2 Harmonic Derating Function

Covers testing the harmonic derating function, which uses computed derating factors for transformer loading.

7.6.2.1 Operating level

Details testing the harmonic derating function's operating level by applying current with harmonics.

7.6.3 Transformer Overload

Covers testing the transformer overload element based on phase A current and transformer loading.

7.6.3.1 Operating Level

Details testing the transformer overload element's operating level by injecting current and checking LEDs/messages.

7.7 Placing the Relay into Service

Outlines procedures for placing the relay into service after commissioning, including restoring settings and final checks.

7.7.1 Precautions

Lists precautions for placing the 745 relay into service, excluding external equipment operation.

7.7.2 Procedure

Provides a step-by-step procedure for placing the relay into service after all tests are completed.

Chapter A: Appendix

A.1 Change Notes

Lists changes and revisions made to the 745 manual across different versions.

A.1.1 Revision History

Provides a table of manual part numbers, revisions, and release dates.

A.1.2 Changes to the 745 Manual

Details major updates made to the manual for specific revisions (AG, AF, AE, AD, AC).

A.2 EU Declaration of Conformity

Provides the EU Declaration of Conformity for the 745 relay, listing applicable directives and standards.

A.3 GE Digital Energy Warranty

States the warranty terms for GE manufactured products, including duration and details.

A.3.1 Warranty Statement

Provides the warranty statement for products shipped after October 1, 2013, and before.

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