CHAPTER 1GENERAL INFORMATION
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External Pacemaker (Optional)
Some R Series products include an optional transcutaneous pacemaker consisting of a pulse
generator and ECG-sensing circuitry. Noninvasive transcutaneous pacing (NTP) is an
established and proven technique. This therapy is easily and rapidly applied in both emergency
and nonemergency situations when temporary cardiac stimulation is indicated.
The output current of the pacemaker is continuously variable from 0 to 140 mA. The rate is
continuously variable from 30 to 180 pulses per minute (ppm), by increments of 2.
The pacing output pulse is delivered to the heart via ZOLL hands-free defibrillation/pacing
electrodes placed on the patient’s back and the precordium.
The characteristics of the output pulse, together with the design and placement of the
electrodes, minimize cutaneous nerve stimulation, cardiac stimulation threshold currents, and
reduce discomfort due to skeletal muscle contraction.
The unique design of the R Series products allow clear viewing and interpretation of the
electrocardiogram on the display without offset or distortion during external pacing.
Proper operation of the device, together with correct electrode placement, is critical to
obtaining optimal results. Every operator must be thoroughly familiar with these operating
instructions.
Intended Use — Pacemaker
This product can be used for temporary external cardiac pacing in conscious or unconscious
patients as an alternative to endocardial stimulation.
The purposes of pacing include:
• Resuscitation from standstill or bradycardia of any etiology.
Noninvasive pacing has been used for resuscitation from cardiac standstill, reflex vagal
standstill, drug-induced standstill (due to procainamide, quinidine, digitalis, b-blockers,
verapamil, etc.) and unexpected circulatory arrest (due to anesthesia, surgery, angiography,
and other therapeutic or diagnostic procedures). It has also been used for temporary
acceleration of bradycardia in Stokes-Adams disease and sick-sinus syndrome. It is safer,
more reliable, and more rapidly applied in an emergency than endocardial or other
temporary electrodes.
• As a standby when standstill or bradycardia might be expected.
Noninvasive pacing can be useful as a standby when cardiac arrest or symptomatic
bradycardia might be expected due to acute myocardial infarction, drug toxicity, anesthesia,
or surgery. It is also useful as a temporary treatment in patients awaiting pacemaker implants
or the introduction of transvenous therapy. In standby pacing applications, noninvasive
pacing might provide an alternative to transvenous therapy that avoids the risks of
displacement, infection, hemorrhage, embolization, perforation, phlebitis, and mechanical
or electrical stimulation of ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation associated with endocardial
pacing.
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