Agilent Technologies 89410A - FM Demodulation Specifics; The Algorithm

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FM Demodulation Specifics

The algorithm

Auto carrier off

FM is the derivative of PM.

Auto carrier on

Since FM is the derivative of PM, phase offset differentiates to 0 and auto carrier

removes only the frequency error, ω∆.

Example of a carrier FM modulated by a sine wave

Analog Demodulation Concepts

20 - 12

Main Page

Default Chapter19
- Table of Contents19
1 Demodulating an Analog Signal29
- To Perform am Demodulation30
- To Perform PM Demodulation32
- To Perform FM Demodulation34
2 Measuring Phase Noise37
- To Measure Phase Noise38
- Special Considerations for Phase Noise Measurements39
3 Characterizing a Transient Signal41
- To Set up Transient Analysis42
- To Analyze a Transient Signal with Time Gating44
- To Analyze a Transient Signal with Demodulation45
4 Making On/Off Ratio Measurements47
- To Set up Time Gating48
- To Measure the On/Off Ratio50
5 Making Statistical Power Measurements51
- To Display CCDF52
- To Display Peak, Average, and Peak/Average Statistics54
6 Creating Arbitrary Waveforms57
- To Create a Waveform Using a Single, Measured Trace58
- To Create a Waveform Using Multiple, Measured Traces60
- To Create a Short Waveform Using ASCII Data62
- To Create a Long Waveform Using ASCII Data64
- To Create a Contiguous Waterfall or Spectrogram Display66
- To Create a Fixed-Length Waterfall Display68
- To Determine Number of Samples and ∆T70
- To Output the Maximum Number of Samples71
7 Using Waterfall and Spectrogram Displays (Opt. AYB)73
- To Create a Test Signal74
- To Set up and Scale a Waterfall Display76
- To Select a Trace in a Waterfall Display78
- To Use Markers with Waterfall Displays80
- To Use Buffer Search in Waterfall Displays82
- To Set up a Spectrogram Display83
- To Enhance Spectrogram Displays84
- To Use Markers with Spectrogram Displays86
- To Save Waterfall and Spectrogram Displays87
- To Recall Waterfall and Spectrogram Displays88
8 Using Digital Demodulation (Opt. AYA)89
- To Prepare a Digital Demodulation Measurement90
- To Demodulate a Standard-Format Signal92
- To Select Measurement and Display Features93
- To Set up Pulse Search94
- To Set up Sync Search96
- To Select and Create Stored Sync Patterns97
- To Demodulate and Analyze an EDGE Signal98
- To Troubleshoot an EDGE Signal100
- To Demodulate and Analyze an MSK Signal102
- To Demodulate a Two-Channel I/Q Signal104
9 Using Video Demodulation (Opt. AYH)105
- To Prepare a VSB Measurement106
- To Determine the Center Frequency for a VSB Signal108
- To Demodulate a VSB Signal110
- To Prepare a QAM or DVB QAM Measurement112
- To Demodulate a QAM or DVB QAM Signal114
- To Select Measurement and Display Features116
- To Set up Sync Search (QAM Only)117
- To Select and Create Stored Sync Patterns (QAM Only)118
- To Demodulate a Two-Channel I/Q Signal119
10 Analyzing Digitally Demodulated Signals (Options AYA and AYH)121
- To Demodulate a Non-Standard-Format Signal122
- To Use Polar Markers124
- To View a Single Constellation State125
- To Locate a Specific Constellation Point126
- To Use X-Axis Scaling and Markers127
- To Examine Symbol States and Error Summaries128
- To View and Change Display State Definitions130
- To View Error Displays132
11 Creating User-Defined Signals (Options AYA and AYH)133
- To Create an Ideal Digitally Modulated Signal134
- To Check a Created Signal136
- To Create a User-Defined Filter138
12 Using Adaptive Equalization (Options AYA and AYH)141
- To Determine if Your Analyzer Has Adaptive Equalization142
- To Load the Multi-Path Signal from the Signals Disk143
- To Demodulate the Multi-Path Signal144
- To Apply Adaptive Equalization146
- To Measure Signal Paths148
- To Learn more about Equalization150
13 Using Wideband CDMA (Options B73, B79, and 080)151
- To View a W-CDMA Signal152
- To Demodulate a W-CDMA Signal154
- To View Data for a Single Code Layer156
- To View Data for a Single Code Channel158
- To View Data for One or more Slots160
- To View the Symbol Table and Error Parameters162
- To Use X-Scale Markers on Code-Domain Power Displays164
14 Using the LAN (Options UTH & UG7)165
- To Determine if You Have Options UTH and UG7166
- To Connect the Analyzer to a Network167
- To Set the Analyzer's Network Address168
- To Activate the Analyzer's Network Interface169
- To Send GPIB Commands to the Analyzer170
- To Select the Remote X-Windows Server171
15 Using the Agilent 89411A Downconverter175
- Connection and Setup Details for the Agilent 89411A178
- Calibration182
16 Extending Analysis to 26.5 Ghz with 20 Mhz Information Bandwidth187
- Overview188
- System Description189
- Agilent 89410A Operation191
- Hp/Agilent 71910A Operation191
- Mirrored Spectrums192
- IBASIC Example Program192
- System Configuration193
- Agilent 89410A Configuration193
- Hp/Agilent 71910A Configuration194
- System Connections196
- Operation199
- Controlling the Receiver200
- Changing Center Frequency200
- Setting the Mirror Frequency Key200
- Changing the Reference Level200
- Resolution Bandwidth202
- DC Offset and lo Feedthrough202
- Calibrating the System203
- Calibration Methods204
- DC Offset205
- Channel Match206
- IQ Gain, Delay Match206
- Quadrature208
17 Choosing an Instrument Mode209
- Why Use Scalar Mode210
- Why Use Vector Mode212
- Why Use Analog Demodulation Mode214
- The Advantage of Using Multiple Modes215
- Scalar-The Big Picture215
- Vector-The Important Details215
- Analog Demodulation-Another View of the Details215
- Instrument Mode? Measurement Data? Data Format216
- Instrument Modes216
- Measurement Data216
- Data Format216
- Unique Capabilities of the Instrument Modes217
18 What Makes this Analyzer Different221
- Time Domain and Frequency Domain Measurements222
- The Y-Axis (Amplitude)223
- The X-Axis (Frequency)223
- What Are the Different Types of Spectrum Analyzers224
- Swept-Tuned Spectrum Analyzers224
- Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers225
- Parallel-Filter Analyzers225
- FFT Analyzers226
- The Difference228
- Vector Mode and Zoom Measurements228
- Stepped FFT Measurements in Scalar Mode229
19 Fundamental Measurement Interactions233
- Measurement Resolution and Measurement Speed234
- Resolution Bandwidth234
- Video Filtering235
- Frequency Span235
- Bandwidth Coupling236
- Flexible Bandwidth Mode236
- Display Resolution and Frequency Span237
- Windowing238
- General238
- Windows Used with this Analyzer238
- Enhancing the Measurement Speed240
- Digital Storage241
- Zero Response and DC Measurements241
- Special Considerations in Scalar Mode242
- Sweep Time Limitations242
- Stepped Measurements242
- The Relationship between Frequency Resolution and Display Resolution243
- Resolution Bandwidth Limitations243
- What Is a Detector and Why Is One Needed244
- Manual Sweep245
- Special Considerations in Vector Mode246
- Time Data247
- The Time Record248
- Why Is a Time Record Needed248
- Time Record, Span and Resolution Bandwidth249
- Measurement Speed and Time Record Length249
- How Do the Parameters Interact250
- Time Record Length Limitations251
- Time Record Processing252
20 Analog Demodulation Concepts255
- What Is Analog Demodulation256
- Applications256
- Using Analog Demodulation for Zero Span Measurements256
- How Does Analog Demodulation Work in the Agilent 89400 Series Analyzer257
- Special Considerations for Analog Demodulation258
- Time Correction and Analog Demodulation259
- The Importance of Span Selection260
- Including All Important Signal Data260
- Checking for Interfering Signals261
- The Importance of Carrier Identification262
- Auto Carrier with am Demodulation262
- Auto Carrier with PM Demodulation262
- Auto Carrier with FM Demodulation262
- Special Considerations for Auto Carrier Use262
- AM Demodulation Specifics263
- The Algorithm263
- PM Demodulation Specifics264
- The Algorithm264
- Auto Carrier off264
- Auto Carrier on264
- FM Demodulation Specifics266
- The Algorithm266
- Interactions with Other Features267
- Choosing Trigger Type with Analog Demodulation267
- Using Gating and Averaging with Analog Demodulation267
- Two-Channel Measurements and Analog Demodulation267
21 Gating Concepts269
- What Is Time Gating270
- How Does It Work272
- Important Concepts273
- Parameter Interactions274
22 Digital Demodulation Concepts (Opt. AYA)275
- Overview276
- What You Learn in this Chapter276
- If You Need Background References276
- What this Analyzer Does276
- Measurement Flow277
- General Block Diagram277
- Digital Demodulator Block Diagram (Except FSK)278
- Digital Demodulator Block Diagram: FSK279
- Measurement Management281
- Measurement and Display Choices281
- Carrier Locking281
- I-Q Measured Signal283
- I-Q Reference Signal283
- Special Considerations for FSK Demodulation283
- Parameter Interactions284
- Span Considerations284
- Data Size Considerations285
- Resolution Bandwidth285
- Display Limitations285
- Feature Availability in Digital Demod286
- Special Considerations for Sync Search287
- Special Considerations for Pulsed Signals288
- Speed and Resolution Considerations289
- Maximizing Speed - Measurement and Display289
- Maximizing Resolution289
- Filtering290
- General Information290
- Filter Choices for the Measured and Reference Signals290
- Square-Root Raised Cosine Filters291
- Raised Cosine Filters291
- Gaussian Filter292
- Low Pass Filter (for FSK)292
- User Defined Filters292
- IS-95 Filters293
- EDGE Filter294
- EDGE (Winrc) Filter294
23 Video Demodulation Concepts (Opt. AYH)295
- Overview296
- What You Learn in this Chapter296
- What Option AYH Does296
- Measurement Flow297
- General Block Diagram297
- Digital Demodulator Block Diagram: QAM and DVB QAM298
- Digital Demodulator Block Diagram: VSB300
- Measurement Management301
- Measurement and Display Choices301
- Carrier Locking (All Except VSB)301
- Carrier Locking and Pilot Search: VSB303
- Input Range304
- I-Q Measured Signal304
- I-Q Reference Signal304
- Parameter Interactions305
- Data Size Considerations305
- Resolution Bandwidth305
- Span Considerations306
- Display Limitations307
- Feature Availability in Video Demodulation308
- Special Considerations for Sync Search309
- Special Considerations for Pulsed Signals310
- Maximizing Speed - Measurement and Display310
- Maximizing Resolution310
- Filtering311
- General Information311
24 Wideband CDMA Concepts (Options B73, B79, and 080)313
- Overview314
- What You Learn in this Chapter314
- What Option B73 Does314
- What Option B79 Does315
- What Option 080 Does315
- Measurement Flow316
- Setting up a W-CDMA Measurement318
- Signal Connections and Input Range318
- Frequency Span318
- Center Frequency319
- Scramble Code319
- Chip Rates, Code Layers, and Symbol Rates320
- Main Length321
- Filtering321
- Mirrored Spectrums321
- Time-Domain Corrections321
- Trigger Signal322
- Viewing Measurement Results323
- Code-Domain Power Displays324
- Time-Domain Displays325
- Time Gating326
- Parameter Interactions327
- Data Size Considerations327
- Resolution Bandwidth327
- Points Per Symbol327
- Feature Availability in W-CDMA328
- Troubleshooting W-CDMA Measurements329
- Index331
- Need Assistance337

Agilent Technologies 89410A - FM Demodulation Specifics; The Algorithm

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