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The time record and zero padding

At the minimum resolution bandwidth in zoom mode, the time length necessary to collect

the time samples is equal to the time record length required by the FFT.

At any other resolution bandwidth, the number of frequency points remains the same, but

the time required to collect the time samples is shorter than the time record required by

the FFT. Therefore, the time record is extended by the addition of zeros.

Fundamental Measurement Interactions

19 - 21

Default Chapter19
- Table of Contents19
1 Demodulating an Analog Signal29
- To Perform am Demodulation30
- To Perform PM Demodulation32
- To Perform FM Demodulation34
2 Measuring Phase Noise37
- To Measure Phase Noise38
- Special Considerations for Phase Noise Measurements39
3 Characterizing a Transient Signal41
- To Set up Transient Analysis42
- To Analyze a Transient Signal with Time Gating44
- To Analyze a Transient Signal with Demodulation45
4 Making On/Off Ratio Measurements47
- To Set up Time Gating48
- To Measure the On/Off Ratio50
5 Making Statistical Power Measurements51
- To Display CCDF52
- To Display Peak, Average, and Peak/Average Statistics54
6 Creating Arbitrary Waveforms57
- To Create a Waveform Using a Single, Measured Trace58
- To Create a Waveform Using Multiple, Measured Traces60
- To Create a Short Waveform Using ASCII Data62
- To Create a Long Waveform Using ASCII Data64
- To Create a Contiguous Waterfall or Spectrogram Display66
- To Create a Fixed-Length Waterfall Display68
- To Determine Number of Samples and ∆T70
- To Output the Maximum Number of Samples71
7 Using Waterfall and Spectrogram Displays (Opt. AYB)73
- To Create a Test Signal74
- To Set up and Scale a Waterfall Display76
- To Select a Trace in a Waterfall Display78
- To Use Markers with Waterfall Displays80
- To Use Buffer Search in Waterfall Displays82
- To Set up a Spectrogram Display83
- To Enhance Spectrogram Displays84
- To Use Markers with Spectrogram Displays86
- To Save Waterfall and Spectrogram Displays87
- To Recall Waterfall and Spectrogram Displays88
8 Using Digital Demodulation (Opt. AYA)89
- To Prepare a Digital Demodulation Measurement90
- To Demodulate a Standard-Format Signal92
- To Select Measurement and Display Features93
- To Set up Pulse Search94
- To Set up Sync Search96
- To Select and Create Stored Sync Patterns97
- To Demodulate and Analyze an EDGE Signal98
- To Troubleshoot an EDGE Signal100
- To Demodulate and Analyze an MSK Signal102
- To Demodulate a Two-Channel I/Q Signal104
9 Using Video Demodulation (Opt. AYH)105
- To Prepare a VSB Measurement106
- To Determine the Center Frequency for a VSB Signal108
- To Demodulate a VSB Signal110
- To Prepare a QAM or DVB QAM Measurement112
- To Demodulate a QAM or DVB QAM Signal114
- To Select Measurement and Display Features116
- To Set up Sync Search (QAM Only)117
- To Select and Create Stored Sync Patterns (QAM Only)118
- To Demodulate a Two-Channel I/Q Signal119
10 Analyzing Digitally Demodulated Signals (Options AYA and AYH)121
- To Demodulate a Non-Standard-Format Signal122
- To Use Polar Markers124
- To View a Single Constellation State125
- To Locate a Specific Constellation Point126
- To Use X-Axis Scaling and Markers127
- To Examine Symbol States and Error Summaries128
- To View and Change Display State Definitions130
- To View Error Displays132
11 Creating User-Defined Signals (Options AYA and AYH)133
- To Create an Ideal Digitally Modulated Signal134
- To Check a Created Signal136
- To Create a User-Defined Filter138
12 Using Adaptive Equalization (Options AYA and AYH)141
- To Determine if Your Analyzer Has Adaptive Equalization142
- To Load the Multi-Path Signal from the Signals Disk143
- To Demodulate the Multi-Path Signal144
- To Apply Adaptive Equalization146
- To Measure Signal Paths148
- To Learn more about Equalization150
13 Using Wideband CDMA (Options B73, B79, and 080)151
- To View a W-CDMA Signal152
- To Demodulate a W-CDMA Signal154
- To View Data for a Single Code Layer156
- To View Data for a Single Code Channel158
- To View Data for One or more Slots160
- To View the Symbol Table and Error Parameters162
- To Use X-Scale Markers on Code-Domain Power Displays164
14 Using the LAN (Options UTH & UG7)165
- To Determine if You Have Options UTH and UG7166
- To Connect the Analyzer to a Network167
- To Set the Analyzer's Network Address168
- To Activate the Analyzer's Network Interface169
- To Send GPIB Commands to the Analyzer170
- To Select the Remote X-Windows Server171
15 Using the Agilent 89411A Downconverter175
- Connection and Setup Details for the Agilent 89411A178
- Calibration182
16 Extending Analysis to 26.5 Ghz with 20 Mhz Information Bandwidth187
- Overview188
- System Description189
- Agilent 89410A Operation191
- Hp/Agilent 71910A Operation191
- Mirrored Spectrums192
- IBASIC Example Program192
- System Configuration193
- Agilent 89410A Configuration193
- Hp/Agilent 71910A Configuration194
- System Connections196
- Operation199
- Controlling the Receiver200
- Changing Center Frequency200
- Setting the Mirror Frequency Key200
- Changing the Reference Level200
- Resolution Bandwidth202
- DC Offset and lo Feedthrough202
- Calibrating the System203
- Calibration Methods204
- DC Offset205
- Channel Match206
- IQ Gain, Delay Match206
- Quadrature208
17 Choosing an Instrument Mode209
- Why Use Scalar Mode210
- Why Use Vector Mode212
- Why Use Analog Demodulation Mode214
- The Advantage of Using Multiple Modes215
- Scalar-The Big Picture215
- Vector-The Important Details215
- Analog Demodulation-Another View of the Details215
- Instrument Mode? Measurement Data? Data Format216
- Instrument Modes216
- Measurement Data216
- Data Format216
- Unique Capabilities of the Instrument Modes217
18 What Makes this Analyzer Different221
- Time Domain and Frequency Domain Measurements222
- The Y-Axis (Amplitude)223
- The X-Axis (Frequency)223
- What Are the Different Types of Spectrum Analyzers224
- Swept-Tuned Spectrum Analyzers224
- Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers225
- Parallel-Filter Analyzers225
- FFT Analyzers226
- The Difference228
- Vector Mode and Zoom Measurements228
- Stepped FFT Measurements in Scalar Mode229
19 Fundamental Measurement Interactions233
- Measurement Resolution and Measurement Speed234
- Resolution Bandwidth234
- Video Filtering235
- Frequency Span235
- Bandwidth Coupling236
- Flexible Bandwidth Mode236
- Display Resolution and Frequency Span237
- Windowing238
- General238
- Windows Used with this Analyzer238
- Enhancing the Measurement Speed240
- Digital Storage241
- Zero Response and DC Measurements241
- Special Considerations in Scalar Mode242
- Sweep Time Limitations242
- Stepped Measurements242
- The Relationship between Frequency Resolution and Display Resolution243
- Resolution Bandwidth Limitations243
- What Is a Detector and Why Is One Needed244
- Manual Sweep245
- Special Considerations in Vector Mode246
- Time Data247
- The Time Record248
- Why Is a Time Record Needed248
- Time Record, Span and Resolution Bandwidth249
- Measurement Speed and Time Record Length249
- How Do the Parameters Interact250
- Time Record Length Limitations251
- Time Record Processing252
20 Analog Demodulation Concepts255
- What Is Analog Demodulation256
- Applications256
- Using Analog Demodulation for Zero Span Measurements256
- How Does Analog Demodulation Work in the Agilent 89400 Series Analyzer257
- Special Considerations for Analog Demodulation258
- Time Correction and Analog Demodulation259
- The Importance of Span Selection260
- Including All Important Signal Data260
- Checking for Interfering Signals261
- The Importance of Carrier Identification262
- Auto Carrier with am Demodulation262
- Auto Carrier with PM Demodulation262
- Auto Carrier with FM Demodulation262
- Special Considerations for Auto Carrier Use262
- AM Demodulation Specifics263
- The Algorithm263
- PM Demodulation Specifics264
- The Algorithm264
- Auto Carrier off264
- Auto Carrier on264
- FM Demodulation Specifics266
- The Algorithm266
- Interactions with Other Features267
- Choosing Trigger Type with Analog Demodulation267
- Using Gating and Averaging with Analog Demodulation267
- Two-Channel Measurements and Analog Demodulation267
21 Gating Concepts269
- What Is Time Gating270
- How Does It Work272
- Important Concepts273
- Parameter Interactions274
22 Digital Demodulation Concepts (Opt. AYA)275
- Overview276
- What You Learn in this Chapter276
- If You Need Background References276
- What this Analyzer Does276
- Measurement Flow277
- General Block Diagram277
- Digital Demodulator Block Diagram (Except FSK)278
- Digital Demodulator Block Diagram: FSK279
- Measurement Management281
- Measurement and Display Choices281
- Carrier Locking281
- I-Q Measured Signal283
- I-Q Reference Signal283
- Special Considerations for FSK Demodulation283
- Parameter Interactions284
- Span Considerations284
- Data Size Considerations285
- Resolution Bandwidth285
- Display Limitations285
- Feature Availability in Digital Demod286
- Special Considerations for Sync Search287
- Special Considerations for Pulsed Signals288
- Speed and Resolution Considerations289
- Maximizing Speed - Measurement and Display289
- Maximizing Resolution289
- Filtering290
- General Information290
- Filter Choices for the Measured and Reference Signals290
- Square-Root Raised Cosine Filters291
- Raised Cosine Filters291
- Gaussian Filter292
- Low Pass Filter (for FSK)292
- User Defined Filters292
- IS-95 Filters293
- EDGE Filter294
- EDGE (Winrc) Filter294
23 Video Demodulation Concepts (Opt. AYH)295
- Overview296
- What You Learn in this Chapter296
- What Option AYH Does296
- Measurement Flow297
- General Block Diagram297
- Digital Demodulator Block Diagram: QAM and DVB QAM298
- Digital Demodulator Block Diagram: VSB300
- Measurement Management301
- Measurement and Display Choices301
- Carrier Locking (All Except VSB)301
- Carrier Locking and Pilot Search: VSB303
- Input Range304
- I-Q Measured Signal304
- I-Q Reference Signal304
- Parameter Interactions305
- Data Size Considerations305
- Resolution Bandwidth305
- Span Considerations306
- Display Limitations307
- Feature Availability in Video Demodulation308
- Special Considerations for Sync Search309
- Special Considerations for Pulsed Signals310
- Maximizing Speed - Measurement and Display310
- Maximizing Resolution310
- Filtering311
- General Information311
24 Wideband CDMA Concepts (Options B73, B79, and 080)313
- Overview314
- What You Learn in this Chapter314
- What Option B73 Does314
- What Option B79 Does315
- What Option 080 Does315
- Measurement Flow316
- Setting up a W-CDMA Measurement318
- Signal Connections and Input Range318
- Frequency Span318
- Center Frequency319
- Scramble Code319
- Chip Rates, Code Layers, and Symbol Rates320
- Main Length321
- Filtering321
- Mirrored Spectrums321
- Time-Domain Corrections321
- Trigger Signal322
- Viewing Measurement Results323
- Code-Domain Power Displays324
- Time-Domain Displays325
- Time Gating326
- Parameter Interactions327
- Data Size Considerations327
- Resolution Bandwidth327
- Points Per Symbol327
- Feature Availability in W-CDMA328
- Troubleshooting W-CDMA Measurements329
- Index331
- Need Assistance337

Brand	Agilent Technologies
Model	89410A
Category	Measuring Instruments
Language	English

Agilent Technologies 89410A User Manual

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