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Increasing Measurement Accuracy

and Time-Interval Measurement

Increasing Measurement Accuracy

Jitter and Averaging

Vertical averaging removes the apparent jitter on the display, but may give

misleading information about the true behavior of the signal. For example,

consider measuring rise time. Figure 9-1 shows a rise time measurement on a

jittering signal with averaging turned on.

Figure 9-1. Erroneous rise time measurements due to jitter.

9-8

General Safety Considerations4
X-Ray Radiation Notice7
Typeface Conventions10
Electrostatic Discharge Information16
Lightwave Connector Care19
Cleaning and Handling21
Storage23
Making Connections23
Visual Inspection25
Optical Performance Testing25
In this Book27
Contents29
Figures List39
Tables List42
Product Overview44
Supplied Accessories47
Optional Accessories47
Connection Devices48
Menu and Key Conventions49
The Front Panel51
Autoscale Key52
Display53
Front Panel54
Entry Devices55
Indicator Lights56
The Rear Panel57
General Purpose Keys62
The Clear Display Key63
The Fine Function64
The Help Key65
The Local Key66
The Run Key67
The Stop/Single Key68
Specifications and Characteristics70
Horizontal System71
Trigger Specifications Electrical and Optical Channels72
Option 100, 12 Ghz Mode73
Option 100, 12 Ghz/Gate Mod73
General Speci Fications74
Calibration Overview78
Mainframe Calibration79
Plug-In Module Calibration81
Skew, Probes, O/E Converters82
Probe Calibration83
Eye, Mask and Eyeline Mode Measurement Tutorials86
Making Eye Diagram Measurements87
Setting up the System88
Positioning the Waveform89
Setting the Trigger90
Adjusting the Vertical Scale91
Selecting the Time Base91
Making the Measurement93
Measuring Extinction Ratio94
Marker Lines94
Measuring Eye Height97
Measuring Crossing %98
Measuring Eye Width99
Measuring Jitter100
Measuring Duty Cycle Distortion101
Measuring Q-Factor103
Measuring Rise Time105
Measuring Fall Time107
Testing to a Mask109
Standard Mask116
Generating the Mask117
Verifying Waveform Conformance to the Mask118
Using Mask Margins118
Determining the Margin at Failure120
Making Eyeline Measurements121
Eyeline Traces122
Noise Reduction124
Error Trace Capture126
Equipment con Guration/Program Installation127
The Digital Communications Analysis Menus138
Mask Test Menu139
Understanding Mask Testing142
Scale Mask155
Mask Align157
Align Mode158
Run159
Fail Action161
Measure Eye Menu166
Extinction Ratio168
Eye Height171
Crossing %172
Eye Width174
Jitter175
Duty Cycle Distortion176
Q-Factor177
Channel Setup Menu179
Time Base Menu180
Units181
Bit Rate181
Scale182
Position182
Reference183
Time Base Windowing184
Trigger Menu186
Trigger Basics186
Sweep187
Source187
External Scale188
Level188
Slope188
Hysteresis189
Trig Bandwidth189
Waveform Measurements192
How to Make Waveform Measurements193
The Waveform Measurement Process194
Data Collection195
Building a Histogram196
Calculating Min and Max from the Data Record197
Calculating Top and Base198
Locating Crossing Points199
Calculating Thresholds200
Determining Rising and Falling Edges201
Standard Waveform de Nitions204
Voltage and Power Measurements204
Timing de Nitions207
User-De Ned ∆Time209
Some Important Measurement Considerations210
Making Automatic Measurements212
Period and Frequency Measurements213
Pulse Width Measurements214
Rise Time, Fall Time, Preshoot, and Overshoot Measurement214
Front Panel Measure Section215
+Width216
-Width216
Duty Cycle216
Fall Time217
Frequency217
Overshoot217
Period218
Preshoot218
Rise Time218
Vamp219
Vbase219
Vpp219
Vrms220
Vtop220
General Meas Menu221
Tmax222
Tmin222
Vavg222
Vlower223
Vmiddle223
Vupper223
Avg Power Menu224
Freq Domain Menu225
FFT Freq225
FFT Meg225
FFT ∆Freq226
FFT ∆Mag226
Peak Number227
Pk Threshold228
Histogram Menu229
Median231
Peak231
Pk-Pk231
Std Dev232
Increasing Measurement Accuracy and Time-Interval Measurement234
Increasing Measurement Accuracy235
Measuring Time Intervals235
Automatic Measurements236
Markers237
Channel-To-Channel Measurements237
Statistics237
Jitter and Averaging240
Time-Interval Measurements241
DC Errors241
Vertical Quantization245
Summary of DC Errors245
Dynamic Response Errors246
Rise Time Response247
General Purpose Oscilloscope Menus254
Acquisition Menu255
Averaging256
Best257
Record Length258
Define Measure Menu260
Thresholds261
Top-Base263
Using Markers to Show the Threshold Setting263
Standard264
User Defined265
Using Markers to Show Top-Base Settings265
Define ∆Time266
Start Edge or Stop Edge266
Edge Number267
Edge Threshold267
Color Grade268
Signal Type268
Eye Window 1 and Eye Window 2269
Meas Complete270
Off271
Mean and Stddev (Standard Deviation)272
Min, Max273
FFT Menu274
Window276
FFT Scaling277
Magnify278
Y-Scale279
Y-Offset279
Other FFT Measurements280
FFT Basics280
Sine Wave in the Frequency Domain281
An FFT Display282
Frequency Measurements283
Frequency Accuracy283
Amplitude Measurements284
Computation of Dbm285
Computation of Dbv286
DC Valu286
Aliasing287
Presetting FFT Parameters287
Histograms in the Instrument289
Mode292
Axis292
Histogram Window293
Histogram Scale295
Run until297
Math Menu298
Function299
Define Function299
The General Function Menus318
Disk Menu319
Directory320
Load322
Store324
Delete326
Format326
Type327
Partial Listing of the Text Verbose Format for a Normal Waveform332
Text Verbose Definitions333
Partial Example of the Text y Values Format336
Mask Formats337
Fromt File, to File or File Name338
To Memory339
Display Menu340
Persistence341
Draw Waveform343
High Resolution346
Graticule347
Label350
Label Text352
Modify Label352
Select Next Label353
Row353
Column353
Color354
Hue355
Saturation355
Luminosity356
Default Colours356
Limit Test Menu357
Test360
Measurement360
Fail When361
Measurement Not Found362
Upper Limit363
Lower Limit363
Store Summary366
Disk368
Store Screen370
Store Waveforms371
Marker Menu372
Manual373
Waveform375
Histogram378
Tdr/Tdt378
Marker Hints379
Setup Menu380
Setup Memory381
Save381
Recall382
Default Setup382
Setup Print Menu386
Print Format388
Destiny390
Select Directory391
Data392
TIFF and GIF les on the Apple Macintosh Computer393
Utility Menu394
HP-IB Setup395
System Config396
Frame397
Power Statistics397
Time and Date398
Plug-In398
Declassify Frame Memory399
Update System Firmware400
Calibrate Plug-In401
Calibrate Frame401
Cal Status402
Self-Test404
Samplers404
Firmware Support405
Service406
Print Problem Report406
Waveform Menu409
Memory Type Waveform410
Current Memory410
Memory Scaling411
From Waveform411
Pixel413
Add to Memory414
Clear Memory414
Instrument Messages416
How the Instrument Works422
Basics of Sequential Sampling423
System Architecture428
The Major Plug-In Module Hardware Components429
The Major Mainframe Hardware Components430
Probe Selection432
Probe Loading433
Reduced Amplitude and DC Offset Caused by Probe Loading434
Effects of Probe Capacitance435
System Bandwidth437
Probe Types438
Resistive Divider Probes438
Active Probes439
Standard and Enhanced Trigger Modes442
DC-2.5 Ghz Mode442
DC-100 Mhz Mode442
2-12 Ghz Mode443
12 Ghz/Gate Mode445
Example of Gating448
Trigger Artifacts448
Modulus 16 Effect448
Gate Enable False Triggers450
Index454

Brand	HP
Model	83480A
Category	Measuring Instruments
Language	English

HP 83480A User Manual

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HP 83480A Specifications

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