5.09 HIDING AND SHOWING ...................................................................................................................................................................... 93
5.10 GROUPING AND UNGROUPING ........................................................................................................................................................... 94
5.10.1 Group ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 94
5.10.2 Ungroup ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 94
5.11 BREAKING AND MERGING .................................................................................................................................................................. 95
5.11.1 Break Apart ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 95
5.11.2 Merge ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 96
5.12 ARRANGING (ORDERING) SHAPES ..................................................................................................................................................... 97
5.13 FILL & STROKE: FILL ......................................................................................................................................................................... 99
5.13.1 No Fill .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 100
5.13.2 Color Fill ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 100
5.13.3 Pattern Fill ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 100
5.13.4 Gradient Fill ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 102
5.13.5 Opacity ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 104
5.14 FILL & STROKE: STROKE ................................................................................................................................................................. 105
5.15 DROPPER TOOL ............................................................................................................................................................................. 109
5.16 CUTTING, COPYING, PASTING, DUPLICATING .................................................................................................................................... 110
5.16.1 Cutting to the Clipboard ............................................................................................................................................................................ 110
5.16.2 Copying to the Clipboard .......................................................................................................................................................................... 110
5.16.3 Pasting from the Clipboard ....................................................................................................................................................................... 110
5.16.4 Duplicating - Duplicate .............................................................................................................................................................................. 111
5.16.5 Quick Duplicate .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 111
5.17 ALIGNMENT .................................................................................................................................................................................... 111
5.17.1 Align to Page .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 112
5.17.2 Align to Selection ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 113
5.18 DISTRIBUTE .................................................................................................................................................................................... 114
5.18.1 Distribute to Page....................................................................................................................................................................................... 115
5.18.2 Distribute to Selection ............................................................................................................................................................................... 116
5.18.3 Distribute to Selection Below ................................................................................................................................................................... 118
6. SCAL: WORKING WITH TEXT ........................................................................................................................................................... 121
6.01 TEXT OPTIONS ............................................................................................................................................................................... 121
6.02 SELECTING A FONT ......................................................................................................................................................................... 121
6.03 ADDING TEXT OPTIONS ................................................................................................................................................................... 121
6.04 FOUR MODES OF TEXT ................................................................................................................................................................... 122
6.04.1 Type Tool .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 122
6.04.2 Vertical Type Tool ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 122
6.04.3 Type on Path Tool ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 123
6.04.4 Type on Arch Tool ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 123
6.05 TEXT SETTINGS .............................................................................................................................................................................. 124
6.06 OTHER TEXT EDITING ..................................................................................................................................................................... 125
6.07 CREATING A CONNECTED LETTER TITLE .......................................................................................................................................... 126
6.08 INCORPORATING SHAPES INTO A TITLE ............................................................................................................................................ 127
6.09 WELDING TITLES IN IMAGINATIVE WAYS ........................................................................................................................................... 127
6.10 STENCILING LETTERS ..................................................................................................................................................................... 128
6.11 OPEN PATH FONTS (OPF) .............................................................................................................................................................. 129
6.12 KNOCKOUT .................................................................................................................................................................................... 130
6.13 TITLE CRAWL ................................................................................................................................................................................. 131
6.14 OTHER TEXT EFFECTS .................................................................................................................................................................... 132
7. SCAL: TRACING AND DRAWING...................................................................................................................................................... 133
7.01 RASTER VERSUS VECTOR ............................................................................................................................................................... 133
7.02 FINDING EASY IMAGES TO TRACE .................................................................................................................................................... 134
7.03 TRACE FUNCTION ........................................................................................................................................................................... 135
7.03.1 Trace Settings............................................................................................................................................................................................. 135
7.03.2 Monochrome Trace of a Colored Image: Effects of Contrast ................................................................................................................ 138
7.03.3 Monochrome Trace of a Silhouette Image: Effects of Smooth.............................................................................................................. 140
7.03.4 Monochrome Trace of a Detailed Image: Effects of Detail ..................................................................................................................... 141
7.03.5 Monochrome Trace of a Coloring Book Image: Single Line Threshold and Blackout........................................................................ 141
7.03.6 Monochrome Trace of a PNG File with a Transparent Background ..................................................................................................... 142
7.03.7 Color Layers Trace ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 143
7.03.8 Single Color Trace ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 145
7.04 DRAW FUNCTIONS .......................................................................................................................................................................... 149
7.04.1 The Draw Tool............................................................................................................................................................................................. 149