The device is a SICMA TR80 Semi-Mounted Harvester with Trunk Shaker, designed for the mechanical harvesting of hanging fruits such as olives, nuts, cherries, almonds, and other fruits for the processing industry. It is a rear-application machine, coupled to an agricultural tractor (drive unit) via a 3-point hitch and driven by the tractor's power take-off (PTO).
Function Description
The primary function of the TR80 harvester is to detach fruits from trees by vibrating their perennial woody organs (trunk or branches) using a vibrating head. The machine is controlled wirelessly via a remote control, allowing the operator to manage various functions from the ground.
Key operational steps include:
- Positioning: The machine is positioned near the tree, and the telescopic arm extends to bring the vibrating head's jaws into contact with the tree trunk or primary branches.
- Clamping: The double jaws of the vibrating head clamp onto the woody organ, ensuring it is held in the center, resting on rubber pillows.
- Vibration: The vibrating head is activated to transmit vibrations to the tree, causing the fruits to fall. The operator can select between two vibration speeds: a lower frequency for large, mature trees and a higher frequency for smaller trees or branches with more elastic tissues.
- Fruit Collection (Optional): If equipped with an optional reverse umbrella, it opens under the tree canopy to intercept fallen fruits.
- Release and Repositioning: After vibration, the vibrating head's jaws are fully opened, the telescopic arm is retracted and lowered, and the tractor moves to the next tree or branch.
Important Technical Specifications
- Type: Semi-mounted rear application harvester.
- Drive: Tractor PTO 540 rpm via a cardan shaft.
- Hydraulic System: Independent closed-circuit hydraulic system with an oil filter.
- Electrical System: 12V electrical system, connected to the tractor via a three-pole electrical plug.
- Dimensions (Working Configuration):
- Length: 5500 mm
- Height (max): 5000 mm
- Track: See Figure 22 (adjustable to 4 positions by acting on wheel hubs).
- Dimensions (Transport Configuration):
- Length: 3500 mm
- Height: 1500 mm
- Arm: Fully retracted, in horizontal position.
- Weight:
- Vibrating Head (T213 Version):
- Length: 1200 mm
- Height: 410 mm
- Maximum width (open jaws): 1250 mm
- Maximum width (closed jaws): 910 mm
- Maximum opening (center of rubber pillow): 550 mm
- Weight: 380 kg
- Max working pressure of hydraulic circuit: 350 bar
- Kinematics engine displacement: 58 cc
- Rubber pillows length: 500 mm
- Recommended max clampable trunk diameter: 350 mm
- Hydraulic System Data:
- Maximum operating pressure: 350 bar
- Hydraulic tank capacity: 190 liters
- Total hydraulic system capacity: 200 liters
- Electrical System Data:
- Operating voltage: 12V
- Remote control battery: 7.4V
- Telescopic Arm Extension: Maximum hydraulic arm extension: 2000 mm.
- Work Areas:
- Horizontal rotation of vibrating head: 80°
- Vertical rotation of vibrating head: 106°
- Lateral tilting of vibrating head: 108°
- Rotation of telescopic arm: 84°
- Sound Emissions: The A-weighted emission sound pressure level at the operator's position can exceed 80 dB, requiring appropriate PPE and safety measures.
- Vibrations: In operational phase, with the vibrating head chain slackened, vibrations have no effect on the tractor operator. Vibration should only be operated when the vibrating head is clamped to the trunk or branches.
Usage Features
- Tractor Compatibility: Requires an "open field" tractor (wheeled or tracked) with at least 100 HP engine power and a total gross mass at least 30% higher than the harvester's gross mass. Must have a rear three-point hitch, PTO 540 rpm, and at least two hydraulic quick release couplings (three for hydraulic brakes).
- Remote Control: Wireless remote control for all machine functions, including arm movement, vibrating head positioning, jaw clamping, and vibration speed selection. Features an emergency stop button.
- Hydraulic Steering Aid (Optional): Allows control of the support wheels' steering via the tractor's hydraulic distributor.
- Hydraulic Braking System (Optional): Available on support wheels for increased safety in adverse conditions.
- Safety Devices: Emergency stop button on the remote control, hydraulic parking brakes (optional).
- Operating Conditions: Recommended to operate in daylight and good visibility. Forbidden to operate on slopes greater than 1%, rough terrain, or near unstable ditch edges.
- Transport: The machine is not approved for circulation on public roads when connected to the tractor. During transport, the telescopic arm must be retracted, and the vibrating head placed in the transport position.
- Loading/Unloading: Requires two trained operators and suitable, certified ramps or lifting platforms. Special attention must be paid to alignment and avoiding collisions.
Maintenance Features
The manual outlines a comprehensive maintenance schedule to ensure reliability and safety.
General Precautions:
- Maintenance must be performed by qualified staff wearing appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).
- Never use gasoline, solvents, or flammable substances for cleaning.
- Ensure the machine is stationary, stable, and safely switched off (engine off, ignition key removed, parking brake applied) before any intervention.
- Do not modify machine parts without manufacturer authorization.
- Replace damaged or illegible safety signs immediately.
Intervention Table (Key Intervals):
- After the first 10 hours:
- Check all bolts and nuts (complete machine, wheels, vibrating head).
- Check tightness of hydraulic hose connections.
- Check for possible oil leaks.
- Every 10 hours:
- Clean the machine.
- Lubricate wheel hubs and wheel jack pins.
- Check for possible oil leaks.
- Check emergency stop button efficiency.
- Visually check vibrating head for wear.
- Grease vibration kinematics (eccentric masses), jack pins and jaws, tilting hydraulic cylinder pins, transversal inclination (tilting) and spider jack pins, and vibrating head support chains.
- Every 50 hours:
- Check all bolts and nuts (wheels, vibrating head).
- Check tire pressure.
- Check wear on bands and rubber pillows (vibrating head).
- Check electric cables position.
- Every 150 hours:
- Check wear and efficiency of chrome-plated jack rods (complete machine).
- Check hydraulic system efficiency.
- Check and reset hydraulic oil level.
- Check wear and efficiency of hydraulic pipes.
- Check jaws opening/closing hydraulic cylinder (vibrating head).
- Check wear of sliding blocks (telescopic arm).
- Adjust play of arm trunk guide runners.
- Remove old grease and re-grease sliding parts of the arm.
- Every 300 hours:
- Check tolerance limits between pins and bushings of all joints (complete machine).
- Check and restore lubricating oil level (speed multiplier gearbox).
- Jaw opening/closing cylinder seal gasket kit replacement (vibrating head).
- Every 2000 hours:
- Replace hydraulic oil.
- Replace lubricating oil (speed multiplier gearbox).
Consumables:
- Hydraulic Oil: HYDRAULIC HVI 46 type. Check suitability for ambient temperatures.
- Lubricating Grease: Common grease for general machine parts; lithium grease for high-speed bearings and high temperatures (vibrating head kinetic mechanism).
- Lubricating Oil (Speed Multiplier Gearbox): SAE 90 type.
Specific Maintenance Procedures:
- Hydraulic System: Work only by qualified personnel. Ensure no residual pressure before operations. Clean surrounding areas to prevent contamination.
- Greasing: Clean grease nipples thoroughly before injecting grease.
- Hoses: Under regular use, service life is 6 years. Replace immediately if damage or anomalies are found. Use only manufacturer-specified hoses.
- Tires: Check inflation pressure regularly. Replace excessively worn tires.
- Emergency Stop Button: Check efficiency regularly; replace if malfunctioning.
- Electrical Cables: Check for friction or damage; replace damaged cables by a qualified technician.
- Sliding Runners: Replace if excessively worn.
Decommissioning:
- Short Breaks: Park on firm ground, lower telescopic arm, stop machine safely.
- Extended Stops/Storage: Clean thoroughly, grease all parts, inspect for wear/damage, repaint if necessary, store in a covered and ventilated place, keep machine raised off the ground to protect tires.
- Disposal: Parts should be disposed of by specialized companies in compliance with regulations. Used oil, cartridges, and filter elements are classified as special waste. Exhausted lead-containing batteries must be collected and recycled.
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