Appendix B: Reference Information 631
The mean squares (MS) that make up Ü are:
The sum of squares (
SS) that make up the mean squares are:
The degrees of freedom
df that make up the mean squares are:
Ü
Ü
where:
I
Sxi
ni
=
=
=
=
=
number of populations
the mean of each list
the standard deviation of each list
the length of each list
the mean of all lists
FactorMS
FactorSS
Factordf
------------------------=
ErrorMS
ErrorSS
Errordf
---------------------=
FactorSS n
i
x
i
x–()
2
i 1=
I
∑
=
ErrorSS n
i
1–()Sx
i
2
i 1=
I
∑
=
Factordf I 1– numeratordf for ==
Errordf n
i
1–()
i 1=
I
∑
denominatordf for ==
x
i
x
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