System description
17
Document no. M1144951-004
2.5 Software loading
The program memory on the CPU board is loaded with monitor software at the factory. The 
software is used for running all the functions that are integrated into the PC board. For service 
and upgrade procedures, the CPU board is fitted with a PCMCIA card drive through which new 
software can be loaded.
2.6 Parameter modules
Figure 4 General structure of parameter modules with patient isolation
The detailed structure of a parameter module depends on the specific needs for each 
individual parameter. However, some common parts are used in the parameter modules. The 
electronics inside the module is usually divided into isolated (floating) and non-isolated 
sections. Typically, the non-isolated section consists of buffers to interface the parameter 
module to the module bus while the rest of the electronics is located in the isolated section. The 
isolated section includes the microcontroller together with memory components, the front-end 
analog electronics (amplifiers, etc.) and sensor drivers.
Module Bus
Isolation
transformer
RS485
drivers
Peripheral
drivers
A/D
converter
CPU
Analog
electronics
Opto
isolation
RAM
EEPROM
Patient isolation
PATIENT
Module
keys
Data
+13...16 V
VMOD
+5 V
+12 V
general_struct_of_parm_mod.vsd