3
TITRATION THEORY
Contents
1 GENERAL REVIEW OF TITRATION THEORY ............................................. 5
1.1 Introduction to Titrations ......................................................................... 5
1.2 Uses of Titrations...................................................................................... 5
1.3 Advantages and Disadvantages of Titrations .......................................... 6
2 TYPES OF TITRATION............................................................................... 7
2.1 Titrations According to The Measurement Method .................................. 7
2.1.1 Amperometric Titrations................................................................................... 7
2.1.2 Potentiometric Titrations .................................................................................. 7
2.1.3 Spectrophotometric Titrations ........................................................................... 8
2.2 Titrations According to The Reaction Type ............................................. 9
2.2.1 Acid - Base Titrations ....................................................................................... 9
2.2.2 Argentometric Titrations................................................................................. 10
2.2.3 Complexometric Titrations .............................................................................. 10
2.2.4 Ion Selective Titrations ................................................................................... 11
2.2.5 Non-aqueous Solvent Acid - Base Titrations ..................................................... 11
2.2.6 Precipitation Titrations ................................................................................... 12
2.2.7 Redox Titrations ............................................................................................ 12
2.2.8 Karl Fischer Titration ...................................................................................... 13
2.3 Titrations According to The Titration Sequence ..................................... 13
2.3.1 Back Titrations ............................................................................................... 13
2.3.2 Multiple Endpoint Titrations ............................................................................ 14
3 INTRODUCTION TO TITRATION APPARATUS AND TYPICAL TITRATION
PROCEDURE ............................................................................................. 15
3.1 Manual Titration ...................................................................................... 15
3.2 Automatic Titration ................................................................................. 16
4 TITRATION RESULTS............................................................................... 17
4.1 Accuracy ................................................................................................... 17
4.2 Repeatability ........................................................................................... 17
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