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Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide 193

Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657

Clipping a Waveform

How Power Peaks Develop

To see how clipping reduces high power peaks, it is important to understand how the peaks

develop as you construct a signal.

Multiple Channel Summing

I/Q waveforms can be the summation of multiple channels, as shown in the following figure. If a bit

in the same state (high or low) occurs simultaneously in several individual channel waveforms, an

unusually high power peak (positive or negative) occurs in the summed waveform.

Because the high and low states of the bits in channel waveforms are random and generally result

in a canceling effect, high power peaks occur infrequently with multiple channel summing.

Default Chapter5
- Table of Contents5
Models, Options, and Front/Rear Panels for All Models19
- Models of EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators20
- N5171B/N5181B RF Analog Signal Generators, Options and Features21
  - Analog Modulation21
  - General Performance Features22
- N5172B/N5182B RF Vector Signal Generators, Options and Features24
- N5173B/N5183B Microwave Analog Signal Generators, Options and Features31
  - Analog Modulation31
  - General Performance Features33
- Front Panel Overview34
- Front Panel Display38
Contents40
- Rear Panel Overview (N5171B, N5172B, N5181B, & N5182B)41
- Rear Panel Overview (N5173B & N5183B)50
Setting Preferences & Enabling Options for All Models55
- How to Set User Preferences56
- How to Upgrade Firmware61
- How to Set Remote Operation Preferences61
- How to Enable an Option67
  - Viewing Options and Licenses67
- Hardware Assembly Installation and Removal Softkeys68
Modes of Operation for All Models69
- Modes of Operation70
Front Panel Operation for All Models73
- Returning to a Known State with the Preset Key74
- Viewing Key Descriptions with the Help Key74
- Entering/Editing Numbers and Text with Number and Arrow Keys75
- Setting Frequency and Amplitude with FREQ and AMPTD Keys77
  - Example: Configuring a 700 Mhz, −20 Dbm Continuous Wave Output78
  - Using an External Reference Oscillator78
- Setting ALC Bandwidth Control with Amplitude Softkeys79
- Using Swept Signal Mode (Configuring a Swept Output)80
- Using Analog Modulation on the RF Carrier Signal (Option UNT)88
  - Example88
  - Simultaneous Modulation89
- Working with Files (Viewing/Storing/Loading/Moving)90
Contents102
- Reading Error Messages102
  - Error Message Format102
Optimizing Performance for All Models103
- Using the Dual Power Meter Display (with USB U2000A Series Power Sensors)104
  - Example: Dual Power Meter Calibration106
- Using the USB Pass through Commands111
  - Procedure111
- Using the Power Meter Servo113
  - Power Meter Servo Configuration114
  - Example115
- Using Flatness Correction116
- Using Internal Channel Correction (N5172B/82B Only)125
  - Configure Internal Channel Correction128
  - Perform Enhanced Factory Calibration128
- Using I/Q Mod Skew Cal129
- Using External Leveling (N5173B/83B Only)132
  - Option 1E1 Output Attenuator Behavior and Use135
  - Configure External Leveling135
- Using Unleveled Operating Modes139
  - ALC off Mode139
  - Power Search Mode140
- Using an Output Offset, Reference, or Multiplier143
- Using the Frequency and Phase Reference Softkeys146
- Using Free Run, Step Dwell, and Timer Trigger147
  - Understanding Free Run, Step Dwell, and Timer Trigger Setup147
- Using Filters (N5162A and N5182A Only)148
- Using a USB Keyboard152
- N5171B/72B/73B EXG and N5181B/82B/83B MXG153
- And Familiarize153
Using Pulse Modulation for All Models with Options UNU, UNW153
- Pulse Characteristics155
- The Basic Procedure157
- Example158
- Pulse Train (Option 320 - Requires: Option UNW)159
Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B-No BBG Option Installed165
- I/Q Modulation166
  - Configuring the Front Panel Inputs167
Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options169
- Waveform Files (Segments and Sequences)171
  - Signal Generator Memory (Volatile and Non-Volatile)171
  - Using Dual ARB Softkeys172
- Storing, Loading, and Playing a Waveform Segment173
- Waveform Sequence Softkeys176
- Saving a Waveform's Settings & Parameters181
  - Viewing and Modifying File Header Information183
  - Viewing & Editing a File Header Without Selecting the Waveform185
- Using Waveform Markers187
- Triggering a Waveform203
- Clipping a Waveform210
- Scaling a Waveform219
- Setting the Baseband Frequency Offset225
  - DAC Over-Range Conditions and Scaling227
Contents227
- Using I/Q Modulation229
  - Using the Rear Panel I and Q Output Connectors230
  - Configuring the Front Panel I and Q Input Connectors231
- I/Q Adjustments232
- I/Q Calibration233
- Using the Equalization Filter235
- Using Finite Impulse Response (FIR) Filters in the Dual ARB Real-Time Modulation Filter237
  - Creating a User-Defined FIR Filter Using the FIR Table Editor238
- Modifying a FIR Filter Using the FIR Table Editor243
- Using the Custom Real-Time I/Q Baseband Generator247
  - Selecting Predefined Custom Modulation Modes247
  - Creating User-Defined Custom Modulation248
- Setting the Real-Time Modulation Filter250
- Multiple Baseband Generator Synchronization252
- Using Real-Time Applications Softkeys263
- Waveform Licensing264
Using Custom Digital Modulation for N5172B/82B with Option 431 and273
- Using ARB Custom Modulation Softkeys274
  - ARB Custom Modulation Mode275
  - Real-Time Custom Modulation Mode275
- Creating and Using Bit Files283
- Using Customized Burst Shape Curves288
- Using the Arbitrary Waveform Generator294
- Using Finite Impulse Response (FIR) Filters with Custom Modulation310
  - Understanding FIR Filters310
  - Creating a User-Defined FIR Filter Using the FIR Table Editor312
- Modifying a FIR Filter Using the FIR Table Editor317
- Using the Custom Real-Time I/Q Baseband Generator320
  - To Select Custom Real-Time I/Q Base Band Predefined Modes320
  - Creating User-Defined Custom Modulation321
- Differential Encoding323
  - Using Differential Encoding326
Using Multitone and Two-Tone Waveforms for N5172B/82B with Option 430 and329
- Creating a Custom Multitone Waveform329
- Using Multitone Softkeys330
- Creating a Custom Two-Tone Waveform334
- Using Two-Tone Softkeys335
Adding Real-Time Noise to a Signal for N5172B/82B with Option 403 and341
- Adding Real-Time Noise (AWGN) to a Dual ARB Waveform342
  - Eb/No Adjustment Softkeys for Real Time I/Q Baseband AWGN345
- Using Real-Time AWGN Softkeys348
Contents349
Using Real-Time Phase Noise Impairments for N5172B/82B with Option 432 and349
- Using Real-Time Phase Noise Impairment Softkeys350
- Phase Noise Shape and Additive Phase Noise Impairments351
- Understanding the Phase Noise Adjustments353
- DAC Over-Range Conditions and Scaling354
Using Real-Time Fading for N5172B/82B with Option 660 and355
- Using Real-Time Fading Softkeys356
  - To Configure a Real-Time Fading Simulation357
- Using vor [VHF Omnidirectional Range] Softkeys360
Using Avionics VOR/ILS Softkeys for N5171B/72B and N5181B/82B with Option360
- To Set the vor Mode that Produces a Full or Partial vor Signal363
- To Set the vor Carrier Frequency363
- To Set the vor Bearing Angle between the VAR Signal and the REF Signal365
- To Set the vor Bearing Direction as from or to366
- To Set the Frequency of the Reference Signal (REF Freq) and the Variable Phase Signal (VAR Freq)366
- To Set the Amount of FM Deviation that the 30 Hz Reference Signal (REF Freq) Applies on the Sub-Carrier367
- To Set the am Depth of the Variable Phase Signal (VAR Freq)367
- To Set the Frequency of the Sub-Carrier Signal (Subcarrier Freq)368
- To Set the Sub-Carrier am Depth that Modulates the vor Carrier368
- To Set or Return the vor Subsystem Parameters to a Default State369
- Example of Setting All vor Parameters370
- Using COM/ID Softkeys372
- Using ILS Localizer Softkeys378
- Using ILS Glide Slope Softkeys393
- Using ILS Marker Beacon Softkeys408
Using Baseband Operating Mode for N5172B/82B (Primary, BERT, or N5102A)415
- To Set the Baseband Operating Mode to BERT416
- To Set the Baseband Operating Mode to N5102A417
- To Set the Baseband Operating Mode to Primary418
16 Using BERT for N5172B/82B with Option UN7419
- Bit Error Rate Test420
- Verifying BERT Operation430
Using the N5102A Digital Signal Interface Module for N5172B/82B with Option 003/004 and437
- Clock Timing438
Contents443
- Connecting the Clock Source and the Device under Test449
- Data Types451
  - Output Mode451
  - Input Mode451
- Operating the N5102A Module in Output Mode452
- Operating the N5102A Module in Input Mode462
18 Troubleshooting471
- Display472
  - The Display Is too Dark to Read472
  - The Display Turns Black When Using USB Media472
- Signal Generator Lock-Up472
- RF Output473
- Sweep477
- Internal Media Data Storage478
  - Instrument State Saved but the Register Is Empty or Contains the Wrong State478
- USB Media Data Storage478
  - Instrument Recognizes USB Media Connection, but Does Not Display Files478
- Preset478
  - The Signal Generator Does Not Respond478
  - Pressing Preset Performs a User Preset478
- Error Messages479
  - Error Message Types479
- Front Panel Tests480
- Self Test Overview480
- Licenses482
  - A Time-Based License Quits Working482
  - Cannot Load a Time-Based License482
- Contacting Keysight Technologies483
  - Returning a Signal Generator to Keysight483
19 Working in a Secure Environment485
- How to Obtain the Security Features Document485
- Using Secure Display486

Brand	Keysight Technologies
Model	X Series
Category	Measuring Instruments
Language	English

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