Zonge GDP-32 - Standard Error of the Mean (SEM)

GDP-32
II
INSTRUCTION MANUAL
October 2002 Section 15, Page 2
15.1 STANDARD ERROR OF THE MEAN (SEM)
The standard error of the mean or SEM is the standard deviation divided by the square root of the
number of cycles or bursts used to obtain the data:
for frequency domain programs
for time domain programs
for TEM programs
and: N = the number of cycles acquired
Units
Milliseconds
Milliradians
Scaled units in V/A
SEM SEM x 1000 x
SEM SEM x 1000
SEM SEM
(TDIP)
(RPIP)
(CSAMT)
(CR)
(TEM)
=
=
=
=
=
0 116875.
frequency
N
N
x
N
x
SEM
N
j
j
N
j
j
2
11
2
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¹
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§
−
=
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==
Current
VoltageWindow
x
V
IntegralWindow
x
real
imaginary
xwhere
j
j
pj
j
j
j
j
j
_
_
arctan:
=
=
»
»
¼
º
«
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=