TransCore Amtech IT2200 - Theory of Operation

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Theory of Operation

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Table of Contents9
Before You Begin19
Purpose21
Intended Audience21
Guide Topics21
Related Documents22
Typographical Conventions23
Licensing Requirements23
Table 1-1 Typographical Conventions23
U.S. Licensing24
Health Limits24
Theory of Operation25
Overview of RFID Theory27
Components27
Reader28
Figure 2-1 Typical RFID Components for a Bistatic (Two-Antenna) Configuration28
RF Module29
Antennas29
Figure 2-2 Field Size, Shape, and Antenna Polarization Define the Reading Range (Bistatic Configuration)30
Figure 2-3 Field Size, Shape, and Antenna Polarization Define the Reading Range (Monostatic Configuration)30
Tags31
Host Computer32
Operational Characteristics32
Reading Range33
Reading Speed33
Number of Characters Stored in Tag33
Number of Characters Written to an IT2200-Series Tag33
Coding Format of the Tag Data33
Tag Orientation and Placement34
Noise and Interference Immunity34
Figure 2-4 Tag Orientation with Linear Polarized Antenna34
Frequency and Power35
Tag Lifetime35
Tag Read/Write Accuracy Rate35
Amtech RF Technology35
Signal Transmission and Acquisition36
Automatic Vehicle Identification Transaction Process36
Types of RFID Transactions36
Figure 2-5 Typical Read/Write Transaction Using the IT2200 Reader System and an IT2200-Series Tag37
Figure 2-6 Four Transactions Can Occur Within 96 Milliseconds38
Table 2-1 Time and Distance Required to Complete Payment Zone38
Figure 2-7Typical Read-Only Transaction Using the IT2200 Reader System in ATA Mode Operation with an ATA-Type Tag39
Figure 2-8Typical Dedicated Read-Only Transaction Using the IT2200 Reader System in Multimode Operation with an ATA-Type Tag39
Figure 2-9Typical Read-Only Transaction Using the IT2200 Reader System in ATA Mode Operation with an ATA-Type Tag40
System Components41
Overview43
Figure 3-1 Relationship of the IT2200 Reader System Components (Bistatic Installation Shown)43
Figure 3-2 IT2020 Reader Logic Card43
IT2020 Reader Logic Card45
Functions45
Features46
IT2611 RF Module (Bistatic and Monostatic)47
Figure 3-3 IT2020 Reader Logic Card Block Diagram47
Figure 3-4 IT2611 RF Module Connections (Bistatic Configuration)48
RF Module Connections49
Transmit Connector (Bistatic RF Module)49
Receive Connector (Bistatic RF Module)49
Transmit/Receive Connector (Monostatic RF Module)49
Figure 3-5 IT2611 RF Module Connections (Monostatic Configuration)49
Check Tag Connector50
Data Connector50
Power Supply Connector50
Functions50
Features50
Type Testing51
RF Emissions51
Table 3-1 IT2611 RF Module Uplink and Downlink Specifications52
Antennas53
AA3152 Universal Toll Antenna53
Functions53
Figure 3-6 Tag Orientation with Linear Polarized Antenna53
Features54
AA3153 Beacon Antenna54
Functions54
IT2502 Check Tag Antenna54
Check Tag54
Tags55
IT2221 Tag55
Figure 3-7 IT2221 Tag Block Diagram56
Functions57
Figure 3-8 Alternative Mounting Locations for IT2221 Tag57
Features58
IT2211 Exterior Tag58
Figure 3-9 IT2211 Tag Placement58
IT2235 Tag59
Figure 3-10 IT2235 Tag Block Diagram59
Functions60
Features61
Table 3-2 Example of Condition Code Bit Programming for IT2235 Tag61
Figure 3-11 IT2235 Tag Display Features62
ATA Tag63
Tag Programmer63
Table 3-3 Audio/Visual Options Bits Decoding for IT2235 Tag63
IT2410 Tag Programmer64
Functions64
Figure 3-12 IT2410 Tag Programmer System64
Features65
Figure 3-13 Tag Programming Head65
Table 3-4 IT2410 Tag Programmer Indicator Leds and Descriptions66
Installing the IT2200 Reader System67
Assessing the Site and Formulating a Frequency Plan69
Site Preparation Checklist70
Components Checklist70
Table 4-1 Example Frequency Plan for Four-Lane Plaza70
Task Checklist71
Where to Mount the Components71
Canopy Mount72
Figure 4-1 Canopy Mount72
Overhead Gantry Mount73
Figure 4-2 Overhead Gantry Mount73
Overpass Mount74
Figure 4-3 Overpass Mount74
Cantilever Arm Mount75
Figure 4-4 Cantilever Arm Mount (Bistatic Configuration)75
Figure 4-5 Cantilever Arm Mount (Monostatic Configuration)76
Laneside "Pillbox" Mount77
Figure 4-6 Bistatic Laneside Mount77
Figure 4-7 Monostatic Laneside Mount78
Installing the IT2200 Reader System79
Figure 4-8 Antenna Placement for Pillbox Mount79
Installing the IT2020 Reader Logic Card80
Figure 4-9 IT2020 Reader Logic Card Installed in Typical Host Computer or Lane Controller Chassis (Top View)80
Table 4-2 Listing of Shorted Pins for Loopback Connector80
Figure 4-10 IT2020 Reader Logic Card Factory Dipswitch Settings81
Figure 4-11 Frequency Enable Switch on Rear of IT2020 Reader Logic Card82
Figure 4-12 Location of Battery Jumper (J8) in Relation to Battery82
Installing the IT2611 RF Module83
Figure 4-13 IT2611 RF Module Mounting and Components for both Monostatic and Bistatic Configurations84
Installing the AA3152 UTA85
Figure 4-14 IT2611 RF Module Connectors (Monostatic RF Module Shown)85
Figure 4-15 AA3152 UTA Mounting and Connections86
Installing the AA3153 Beacon Antenna87
Figure 4-16 AA3153 Beacon Antenna Mounting88
Installing the IT2502 Check Tag Antenna with a UTA89
Figure 4-17 IT2502 Check Tag Antenna Mounting89
Installing the IT2502 Check Tag Antenna with a Beacon Antenna90
Tuning the Lane93
Why You Need to Tune a Lane93
Required Equipment94
Optional Equipment94
Tuning the Lane95
Starting the Engineering Host95
Lane Tag Test96
Figure 5-1 Background Status Information Screen96
Figure 5-2 Sample RF Attenuation Statistics for Check Tag97
Figure 5-3 Acceptable RF Attenuation Statistics98
Check Tag Test99
IT2000 Check Tag Test99
Figure 5-4 Ranges of RF Attenuation Statistics99
Figure 5-5 Sample Continuous Check Tag Read Request Display100
ATA Check Tag Test101
Testing the Footprint101
Running the CAM Test for IT2200-Series Tags101
Tag-On-A-Stick Test for IT2235 Tag102
Figure 5-6 Typical Read/Write Zone for a Reader (Bistatic Configuration)102
Running the CAM Test for ATA-Type Tags103
Tag-On-A-Stick Test Using ATA-Type Tag103
Vehicle-Mounted Tag Test Using IT2235 Tag103
Vehicle-Mounted Tag Test Using ATA-Type Tag104
Dynamic Performance Test105
Starting the Dynamic Performance Test105
IT2235 Dynamic Performance Drive-Through Tag Test106
IT2221 Dynamic Performance Drive-Through Tag Test106
ATA Tag Dynamic Performance Drive-Through Tag Test107
Figure 5-7 Location of Leds on Reader Logic Card107
Adjusting the Read/Write Zone108
Completing Antenna Connections108
Troubleshooting the Installation109
Required Equipment111
Cross-Lane Interference in RFID Systems111
What Is Cross-Lane Interference111
Determining Acceptable Lane Performance112
Identifying Cross-Lane Interference112
Diagnosing Cross-Lane Interference113
Remedying Cross-Lane Interference113
Figure 6-1 RF Footprint Extends Beyond Lane Boundaries (Bistatic Configuration Shown)113
Frequency Separation114
RF Power114
Time Division Multiplexing114
Table 6-1 Frequency Plan for Four-Lane Toll Plaza114
Figure 6-2 TDM Synchronization115
Physical Remedies116
Table 6-2 Frequency Settings Using TDM for Four-Lane Toll Plaza with TDM116
Figure 6-3 Antenna Tilt Angle Adjustment117
Troubleshooting Indications and Actions118
Figure 6-4 Downlink Antenna Side Angle Adjustment118
Table 6-3 Failure Indicated by Host Software Diagnostics118
Table 6-4 Failure During Check Tag Test118
Table 6-5 Unacceptable RF Attenuation Statistics Using Check Tag118
Table 6-6 Unacceptable RF Attenuation Statistics Using Vehicle-Mounted Tag118
Table 6-7 Self-Test Fail LED on Reader Logic Card Lights118
Table 6-8 Spotty Pattern or Low Handshake Counts119
Figure 6-5 Location of Battery Jumper (J8) in Relation to Battery120
Figure 6-6 Frequency Enable Switch on Rear of IT2020 Reader Logic Card120
Removal and Replacement Procedures125
Reader Logic Card125
Removal125
Replacement125
RF Module126
Removal126
Replacement126
Transmit/Receive Antennas126
Replacement127
Check Tag Antenna127
Removal127
Data Cable128
Removal128
Replacement128
Antenna Cable128
Preventive Maintenance129
Preventive Maintenance Schedule131
Visual Inspection131
Table 7-1 Preventive Maintenance Schedule131
Figure 7-1 Visual Inspection Process132
A Acronyms and Glossary133
B Block Diagrams143
IT2200 Reader System with Multimode Capability145
Figure B-1 IT2200 Bistatic Reader System Functional Block Diagram145
Figure B-2 IT2200 Monostatic Reader System Functional Block Diagram146
IT2020 Reader Logic Card147
Figure B-3 IT2020 Reader Logic Card Functional Block Diagram147
Figure B-4 IT2020 Reader Logic Card Interface148
Figure B-5 Minimum Connections for the IT2020 Reader Logic Card Interface (Bistatic Application149
Figure B-6 Minimum Connections for the IT2020 Reader Logic Card Interface (Monostatic Application150
IT2611 RF Module151
Figure B-7 IT2611 RF Module Functional Block Diagram (Bistatic Configuration151
Figure B-8 IT2611 RF Module Functional Block Diagram (Monostatic Configuration152
C System Technical Specifications153
Component Specifications155
IT2020 Reader Logic Card155
Electrical Specifications155
Table C-1 IT2020 Reader Logic Card Electrical Requirements155
Environmental Specifications156
Physical Specifications156
Table C-2 IT2020 Reader Logic Card Power Consumption156
Table C-3 IT2020 Reader Logic Card Environmental Tolerances156
Table C-4 IT2020 Reader Logic Card Physical Specifications156
IT2611 RF Module157
Interfaces157
Electrical Specifications157
Environmental Specifications157
Table C-5 IT2611 RF Module Electrical Requirements157
Physical Specifications158
Housing Specifications158
AA3152 Universal Toll Antenna and AA3153 Beacon Antenna158
Table C-6 IT2611 RF Module Environmental Specifications158
Table C-7 IT2611 RF Module Physical Specifications158
Environmental Specifications159
IT2502 Check Tag Antenna159
Table C-8 Antenna Environmental Tolerances159
D Hardware Interfaces161
Reader Logic Card Hardware Interconnection163
16 Bit ISA Bus164
Figure D-1 Locations of Switches on IT2020 Reader Logic Card164
Optional External Power165
Expansion Interfaces (Industry Pack165
Table D-1 Optional External Power Pin Definition165
Leds166
Time Division Multiplexing Connector166
Figure D-2 Typical TDM Installation166
Background Debugger Connector167
Table D-2 TDM Connector167
Table D-3 BDM Connector167
General Purpose I/O Port (IT2020-004 Reader168
Hardware Diagnostic Port168
Table D-4 General Purpose I/O Connector168
Table D-5 Hardware Diagnostic Port169
Table D-6 RS-232 Connector170
IT2020 Reader Logic Card Interface171
Pin Designations171
IT2020 ISA Card Interface Connector171
Table D-7 IT2020 Reader Logic Card Default I/O Settings171
Table D-8 IT2020 Reader Logic Card Default IRQ Settings171
Table D-9 ISA Bus Pin Definition171
Table D-10 Optional External Power Pin Definition175
Table D-11 IP Module Logic Interface Connector175
Table D-12 IP Module I/O Connector177
Figure D-3 Locations of Leds on IT2020 Reader Logic Card178
Table D-13 Leds178
Interface Connector179
Figure D-4 Bistatic RF Module Interface179
Figure D-5 Monostatic RF Module Interface179
Power Connector180
Reader-To-RF Module Communications180
Figure D-6 Twenty-Six Pin Connector Showing Terminal Designators (RF Module180
RF Module Interface Connector181
Table D-14 RF Module-To-Reader Logic Card Interface Connector181
IT2410 Tag Programmer Hardware Interconnection183
Table D-15 RF Module Power183
Table D-16 RF Module-Antenna Connectors for Bistatic Operation183
Table D-17 RF Module-Antenna Connectors for Monostatic Operation183
Figure D-7 IT2410 Tag Programmer Power Connections184
Table D-18 IT2410 Tag Programmer Interconnection184
E Connector Pinouts185
IT2020 Reader Logic Card187
Tag Data/Control187
Table E-1 Tag Data/Control Interface Connector187
Tdm188
Table E-2 TDM Connector188
ISA Bus189
Table E-3 ISA Bus Pin Definition189
IP Module Logic Interface193
Table E-4 IP Module Logic Interface Connector193
IP Module I/O Connector195
Table E-5 IP Module I/O Connector195
Auxiliary Power197
Table E-6 Auxiliary Power Connector197
Bdm198
Table E-7 BDM Connector198
General Purpose I/O199
Table E-8 General Purpose I/O Connector199
HW Diagnostics Port200
Table E-9 Hardware Diagnostics Port Connector200
Table E-10 RS-232 Connector201
IT2611 RF Module202
Table E-11 RF Module-To-Reader Logic Card Interface Connector202
Table E-12 RF Module Power203
Table E-13 RF Module-Antenna Connectors203

TransCore Amtech IT2200 - Theory of Operation

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