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Pilz PMCprotego D.48 User Manual

Pilz PMCprotego D.48
215 pages
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PMCprotego D.48, PMCprotego D.72
Operating Manual-1001735-EN-04
} Servo amplifiers

Table of Contents

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Pilz PMCprotego D.48 Specifications

General IconGeneral
Supply voltage24 V DC
Contact typeRelay
Terminal typeScrew terminal
Width45 mm
Depth121 mm
Protection typeIP20
Supply voltage tolerance-15%/+20%

Summary

1 Introduction

1.1 Validity of documentation

This documentation is valid for the products PMCprotego D.48 and PMCprotego D.72.

1.2 Definition of symbols

Identifies important information using DANGER, WARNING, CAUTION, NOTICE, and INFORMATION.

2 Overview

2.1 Unit structure

Describes the PMCprotego D as a compact servo amplifier consisting of a power and control element.

2.2 Front view

Details the front panel components of the PMCprotego D with a legend for each numbered item.

2.3 Plan view

Shows the plan view of the PMCprotego D, highlighting specific interfaces and slots.

2.4 Scope of delivery

Lists the items included when ordering a PMCprotego series servo amplifier.

2.5 Type code

Explains the structure of the PMCprotego D type code for configuring different options and features.

2.6 Type label

Describes the information found on the servo amplifier's type label, including modified and standard devices.

3 Safety

3.1 Intended use

Defines the proper use of PMCprotego D servo amplifiers and lists improper uses, including modifications.

3.1.3 Ambient conditions

Details the environmental conditions for operating the servo amplifier, including forbidden conditions and cabinet requirements.

3.1.4 Guidelines for UL approval

Explains the device certifications according to UL 508C and UL 840 standards.

3.1.5 Safety function STO

Describes the Safe Torque Off (STO) safety function, its requirements, and implementation with or without a safety card.

3.1.6 Use of qualified personnel

Specifies that only competent persons, qualified and knowledgeable, should assemble, install, and operate the products.

3.1.7 Warranty and liability

Outlines conditions that invalidate warranty and liability claims, such as improper use or modifications.

3.1.8 Disposal

Provides guidance on complying with local regulations for the disposal of electronic devices.

3.2 Safety during operation

Warns about risks during operation, including touching live parts, high temperatures, and voltage presence.

3.3 Standards

Lists relevant EU directives and standards (Machinery, EMC, Low Voltage) for compliance.

3.4 Stop, emergency stop and emergency switching off functions

Defines stop functions (STO) and their compliance with EN 60204 and safety standards like ISO 13849 and IEC 62061.

3.4.1 Stop functions

Explains stop categories (0, 1, 2) as defined in EN 60204-1 and their implementation with safety functions.

3.4.2 E-STOP functions

Defines the E-STOP function according to EN 60204-1 and ISO 13850, emphasizing override and reset requirements.

3.4.3 Emergency stop functions

Describes the emergency stop function triggering and its implementation, leading to a Category 0 stop.

4 Function Description

4.1 Overview

Introduces the PMCprotego D as a digital servo amplifier for closed-loop control of various motor types.

4.2 Power element

Explains the function of the power element, which converts mains voltage/frequency to drive the motor.

4.2.1 Mains voltage

Details mains voltage connection types, requirements, and precautions for the PMCprotego D.

4.2.2 Motor connection

Describes how to connect the motor to the servo amplifier, including voltage compliance and cable considerations.

4.2.3 Motor holding brake

Explains the direct activation of a motor holding brake by the servo amplifier, noting it's not safety-related.

4.2.4 Brake resistor

Details the function and connection of external brake resistors for dissipating braking energy.

4.2.5 Intermediate circuit

Explains the DC intermediate circuit for linking servo amplifiers in multi-axis systems and energy storage.

4.2.6 Intermediate circuit topology

Describes the intermediate circuit connection topology and precautions to prevent amplifier destruction.

4.3 Control element

Outlines the tasks of the control element, including managing semiconductors, data exchange, and protective functions.

4.3.1 Supply voltage 24 VDC

Details the 24 VDC supply for the control element, emphasizing safe electrical isolation.

4.3.2 Digital inputs and outputs

Describes the digital inputs and outputs available for various applications and their logical linking.

4.3.2.1 Overview

Provides an overview of the PMCprotego D's digital inputs and outputs and their configuration.

4.3.2.2 Digital inputs

Details specific digital inputs like ENABLE, STO1-ENABLE, and STO2-ENABLE, explaining their functions and connections.

4.3.2.3 Digital outputs

Explains digital outputs like operational readiness (BTB/RTO) and programmable outputs for functions.

4.3.3 Safety function STO

Details the STO safety function, including safety guidelines and risks of uncontrolled motor rundown or electrocution.

4.3.3.1 Safety information

Provides essential safety guidelines for the STO function, warning about uncontrolled motor rundown and electrical isolation.

4.3.3.2 Signal states

Describes the status conditions of the servo amplifier based on STO1-ENABLE and STO2-ENABLE inputs.

4.3.3.3 Safety function STO without a safety card

Explains STO activation as single or dual-channel without a safety card, detailing circuit examples.

4.3.3.4 Safety function STO with safety card

Describes STO activation with PMCprotego S1/S2 safety cards, covering single and dual-channel modes.

4.3.3.5 Reaction time

Specifies the reaction time of the STO safety function from input falling edge to motor power removal.

4.3.3.6 Connection example for STO, single-channel

Illustrates a single-channel STO activation circuit example using a safety gate and relay.

4.3.3.7 Connection example for STO, dual-channel

Shows a dual-channel STO activation circuit example using a PNOZ mm0p safety control system.

4.3.4 Analogue inputs

Details the 2 analogue voltage inputs for setpoint specification, including differential input and resolution.

4.3.5 Encoder systems

Describes encoder systems required for closed drive systems, including parameter settings for feedback types.

4.3.5.1 Overview

Explains the need for encoders and the parameters for assigning functions like FBTYPE, EXTPOS, and GEARMODE.

4.3.5.2 Resolver

Details the resolver's function in determining absolute rotor position and its connection parameters.

4.3.5.3 Encoder

Covers SinCos encoders with HIPERFACE and Hall interfaces, including functions and parameter settings.

4.3.5.4 Incremental encoders

Explains incremental encoders like ROD (AquadB) 5 V, 350 kHz/1.5 MHz, and with Hall encoder.

4.3.5.5 Absolute encoder with SSI interface

Describes absolute encoders with SSI interface for serial feedback, including data formats and cutoff frequency.

4.3.5.6 Hall encoder

Details the Hall encoder connection as a primary feedback system and its cutoff frequency.

4.3.6 Electronic gearing, Master-Slave mode

Explains electronic gearing for synchronizing multiple axes and Master/Slave configurations.

4.3.6.1 Stepper motor control systems (pulse/direction)

Describes connecting the servo amplifier to stepper motor control systems using pulse/direction signals.

4.3.6.2 Master-Slave mode

Explains the Master-Slave mode for interconnecting PMCprotego D units where one acts as a slave.

4.3.7 Encoder emulation

Covers encoder emulation for generating incremental encoder signals or SSI signals from resolvers/SinCos encoders.

4.3.8 Communications interfaces

Details the RS232, CANopen, and Ethernet-based communication interfaces available on the servo amplifier.

4.3.8.1 RS 232 interface

Explains the RS232 interface for PC connection, parameter setting, and communication.

4.3.8.2 CANopen interface

Describes the CANopen interface for connecting to a bus system, including profiles and functions.

4.3.8.3 Ethernet-based interface

Details the Ethernet-based interface (EtherCAT) for connecting to Ethernet subscribers.

4.3.9 SD card

Explains the use of the SD card slot for downloading firmware and parameter sets, including storage capacity and safety.

4.3.10 Tools

Introduces the commissioning software, oscilloscope, and PASconfig SDrive for parameter optimization and safety function configuration.

4.4 Expansion cards

Introduces expansion cards that enhance the functionality of the servo amplifier, such as safety and I/O.

4.4.1 Expansion card PMCprotego S1-2, PMCprotego S2-2

Details the PMCprotego S1-2 and S2-2 safety cards for monitoring safety functions and converting the amplifier to a safe unit.

4.4.2 Expansion card I/O-14/08

Describes the I/O-14/08 expansion card, providing additional digital inputs and outputs with configurable functions.

4.4.3 Expansion card PosI/O, PosI/O-AIO

Explains the PosI/O and PosI/O-AIO expansion cards for encoder emulation, fast RS 485 signals, and analogue I/O.

4.4.3.1 Incremental encoder ROD (AquadB) 5 V, (X5, X1)

Details the Incremental encoder ROD (AquadB) 5 V connection, including supply voltage and thermal monitoring.

4.4.3.2 Absolute encoder with SSI interface (X5, X1)

Describes the connection of absolute encoders with SSI interface for serial feedback, including data formats and cutoff frequency.

4.4.3.3 SinCos encoder with SSI interface (X5, X1)

Covers SinCos encoders with SSI interface for linear feedback, detailing cutoff frequency and connections.

4.4.3.4 Electronic gearing, Master-Slave mode

Explains how expansion cards enable electronic gearing and Master-Slave configurations.

4.4.3.5 Encoder emulation

Details encoder emulation using PosI/O cards for generating incremental encoder or SSI signals.

4.4.4 Expansion card with PROFIBUS-DP interface

Introduces the PROFIBUS DP expansion card for connecting to PROFIBUS networks.

4.4.5 Expansion card PROFINET

Provides information on the PROFINET expansion card, referring to its specific manual.

4.4.6 Expansion card Fan Controller

Describes the fan controller expansion card, its function in reducing noise, and its installation slots.

4.5 Switch on/switch off behaviour

Explains the servo amplifier's behavior during switching on/off and measures for compliance with standards.

4.5.1 Normal mode

Illustrates the functional sequence for switching the servo amplifier on and off under normal conditions.

4.5.2 Fault condition

Describes the servo amplifier's behavior during fault conditions, including output stage switching and controlled braking.

4.6 Implementation of stop categories

Defines stop functions and categories (0, 1, 2) as per EN 60204, ISO 13849, and IEC 62061.

4.6.1 Stop Category 0

Explains Stop Category 0 (uncontrolled stop) and its implementation using the STO safety function.

4.6.2 Stop Category 1

Details Stop Category 1 (controlled stop) and its drive-integrated or external contactor implementation.

4.6.3 Stop Category 2

Describes Stop Category 2 (controlled stop with power available) and its implementation via safety card or auxiliary contactors.

5 Installation

5.1 General requirements

Covers general requirements for installation, including mounting location, ambient conditions, earthing, EMC, and power supply.

5.2 Dimensions

Provides the physical dimensions of the PMCprotego D.48/D.72 servo amplifier.

5.3 Installing the servo amplifier

Details the steps and materials required for physically mounting the servo amplifier in a control cabinet.

5.4 Installing the shielding plate

Explains the procedure for installing the shielding plate on the servo amplifier.

5.5 Installing the expansion cards

Provides instructions for installing expansion cards into the servo amplifier's slots.

5.5.1 Expansion cards for slot 1

Details the types of expansion cards available for slot 1 (I/O, PROFIBUS, PROFINET) and their installation process.

5.5.2 Expansion cards for slot 2

Lists expansion cards available for slot 2 (PMC PosI/O, PosI/O-AIO, Fan Controller) and their installation procedure.

5.5.3 Expansion cards for slot 3

Describes expansion cards for slot 3 (PosI/O, PMCprotego S1-2, S2-2, Fan Controller) and their installation.

6 Wiring

6.1 Connector description

Provides a detailed diagram showing all connectors on the PMCprotego D.48/D.72 and their pin assignments.

6.2 Block diagram

Presents a block diagram illustrating the PMCprotego wiring, including shield connections and PE connections.

6.3 Notes on wiring

Offers important notes on wiring, covering performance data, fuse protection, cable layout, shielding, and connection cables.

6.3.1 Contact protection

Discusses contact protection, leakage current calculations, and safety guidelines related to electrocution risks.

6.3.1.1 Leakage current

Explains leakage current calculation and measures to minimize it, referencing EN 61800-5-1.

6.3.1.2 Residual current devices FI

Covers the use of residual current devices (FI) for detecting fault currents and protection against indirect contact.

6.3.1.3 Isolating transformer

Details the use of isolating transformers for essential indirect contact protection and connection methods.

6.3.2 Connection cables

Recommends cable cross sections and conditions for various connections according to EN 60204.

6.4 Wiring procedure

Provides a step-by-step guide for electrical installation, covering cable selection, earthing, shielding, and connections.

6.5 EMC-compliant wiring

Explains measures for ensuring EMC compliance, including earthing, shielding, filters, and chokes, based on relevant standards.

6.5.1 Earthing

Details earthing measures as a prerequisite for effective EMC compliance, emphasizing low impedance and direct connection to the earth bar.

6.5.2 Shielding

Covers shielding measures to reduce noise energy and interference coupling, specifying cable types and connection methods.

6.5.2.1 Shield connection on the front plate

Illustrates the procedure for connecting cable shields to the front plate of the servo amplifier.

6.5.3 Filters

Describes integrated noise suppression filters for mains and 24 V supply, their purpose, and potential leakage currents.

6.5.4 Chokes

Explains the use of chokes on motor outputs for interference reduction and protection, especially for longer cables.

6.6 Power element

Covers details related to the power element, specifically the mains voltage connection.

6.6.1 Mains voltage

Details the requirements for mains voltage connection, including cable cross sections and insulation material.

6.6.2 Motor

Provides requirements for motor connection, including cable cross sections, insulation, and shielding.

6.6.3 Motor holding brake

Explains the connection and safety aspects of the motor holding brake, warning about non-safety-related activation.

6.6.4 External brake resistor

Details the connection and fuse requirements for external brake resistors.

6.6.5 Intermediate circuit

Describes intermediate circuit connections, noting they are not short-circuit or polarity protected.

6.6.6 Energy store PMCenergy SD

Introduces the PMCenergy SD energy store for intermediate circuits, explaining its function and connection.

6.7 Control element

Details the supply voltage and digital input/output connections for the control element.

6.7.1 Supply voltage 24 VDC

Details the 24 VDC supply for the control element, emphasizing safe electrical isolation.

6.7.2 Digital inputs

Describes the digital inputs including ENABLE, STO inputs, and reference earth connections.

6.7.3 Digital outputs

Explains digital outputs like operational readiness and safety function status signals.

6.7.4 Analogue inputs

Details analogue input connections for setpoint specification, including signal range and reference earth.

6.7.5 Encoder systems

Covers encoder system connections, including HIPERFACE DSL, SFD3, Resolver, SinCos, and Incremental encoders.

6.7.5.1 HIPERFACE DSL, one-cable connection

Details the one-cable connection for HIPERFACE DSL encoders, specifying cable length and interruption rules.

6.7.5.2 SFD3 one-cable connection

Refers to HIPERFACE DSL connection details for the SFD3 one-cable connection.

6.7.5.3 Resolver

Describes resolver connections, including thermal switch integration and cable length considerations.

6.7.5.4 SinCos encoder with HIPERFACE interface

Details SinCos encoder connections with HIPERFACE interface, including pin assignments and cable length limits.

6.7.5.5 SinCos encoder with EnDat 2.1 interface

Explains SinCos encoder connections with EnDat 2.1 interface, including pin assignments and cable length limits.

6.7.5.6 Encoder with EnDat 2.2 interface

Details encoder connections with EnDat 2.2 interface, including pin assignments and cable length limits.

6.7.5.7 SinCos encoder with BISS interface, analogue

Describes SinCos encoder connections with BISS interface (analogue), including pin assignments and cable length limits.

6.7.5.8 Encoder with BISS interface, digital

Details encoder connections with BISS interface (digital), including pin assignments and cable length limits.

6.7.5.9 SinCos encoder with SSI interface

Explains SinCos encoder connections with SSI interface, including pin assignments and cable length limits.

6.7.5.10 SinCos encoder without data track

Details SinCos encoder connections without data track, including pin assignments and cable length limits.

6.7.5.11 SinCos encoder with Hall encoder

Describes SinCos encoder connections with Hall encoder, including pin assignments and cable length limits.

6.7.5.12 Incremental encoder ROD (AquadB) 5 V, 350 kHz

Details Incremental encoder ROD (AquadB) 5 V, 350 kHz connections, including pin assignments and cable length limits.

6.7.5.13 Incremental encoder ROD (AquadB) 5 V, 1.5 MHz

Explains Incremental encoder ROD (AquadB) 5 V, 1.5 MHz connections, including pin assignments and cable length limits.

6.7.5.14 Incremental encoder ROD (AquadB) 5 V, with zero pulse and Hall encoder

Details Incremental encoder ROD (AquadB) 5 V, with zero pulse and Hall encoder connections.

6.7.5.15 Incremental encoder ROD (AquadB) 24 V, without zero pulse

Describes Incremental encoder ROD (AquadB) 24 V, without zero pulse connections.

6.7.5.16 Incremental encoder ROD (AquadB) 24 V, without zero pulse, with Hall encoder

Explains Incremental encoder ROD (AquadB) 24 V, without zero pulse, with Hall encoder connections.

6.7.5.17 Absolute encoder with SSI interface

Details Absolute encoder with SSI interface connections, including pin assignments and cable length limits.

6.7.5.18 Hall encoder

Explains Hall encoder connections, including pin assignments and cable length limits.

6.7.5.19 Electronic gearing, Master-Slave mode

Describes connections for electronic gearing and Master-Slave mode with stepper motor control systems.

6.7.5.20 Encoder emulation

Details encoder emulation for outputting incremental encoder or SSI signals, including connection and impedance settings.

6.7.6 Communications interfaces

Covers communication interfaces: RS 232, CANopen, and Ethernet-based interface.

6.7.6.1 RS 232 interface

Explains the RS 232 interface, recommending shielded cables and detailing connection to a PC.

6.7.6.2 CANopen interface

Details the CANopen interface, including specification, bus termination, cable data, and D-Sub housing requirements.

6.7.6.3 Ethernet-based interface

Describes the Ethernet-based interface (EtherCAT), detailing IN and OUT port pin assignments.

6.8 Expansion cards

Introduces expansion cards like PMCprotego S1/S2, I/O-14/08, PosI/O/PosI/O-AIO, and PROFIBUS DP.

6.8.1 Expansion card PMCprotego S1, PMCprotego S2

Refers to specific manuals for wiring details of PMCprotego S1 and S2 safety cards.

6.8.2 Expansion card I/O-14/08

Details the I/O-14/08 expansion card's inputs and outputs, including connector pin assignments.

6.8.3 Expansion card PosI/O, PosI/O-AIO

Explains the PosI/O and PosI/O-AIO expansion cards for encoder emulation and Master-Slave mode.

6.8.3.1 Electronic gearing Master-Slave mode

Describes electronic gearing and Master-Slave mode connections for PosI/O expansion cards.

6.8.3.2 Encoder emulation

Details encoder emulation for outputting incremental encoder or SSI signals using PosI/O cards.

6.8.3.3 Analogue inputs and outputs

Explains analogue input and output connections for the PosI/O-AIO expansion card.

6.8.3.4 Incremental encoder ROD (AquadB) 5 V

Details Incremental encoder ROD (AquadB) 5 V connections, including supply voltage and thermal switch.

6.8.3.5 Absolute encoder with SSI interface

Explains Absolute encoder with SSI interface connections, including pin assignments and voltage supply.

6.8.3.6 SinCos encoder with SSI interface

Describes SinCos encoder connections with SSI interface, including pin assignments and voltage supply.

6.8.4 Expansion card with PROFIBUS-DP interface

Details the PROFIBUS DP expansion card, including interface connections and information on installation guidelines.

6.8.5 PROFINET interface expansion card

Refers to the PROFINET manual for information on the PROFINET interface expansion card.

7 Commissioning

7.1 Safety guidelines

Provides crucial safety guidelines for commissioning the servo amplifier, emphasizing qualified personnel and hazard analysis.

7.2 Commissioning the servo amplifier

Outlines the steps for initial commissioning, including gathering data, wiring, communication setup, parameter setting, and testing.

7.3 Download firmware from SD card to servo amplifier

Explains how to download firmware and parameters to the servo amplifier using an SD card.

7.4 LEDs and keys

Describes the function of the servo amplifier's LED display and navigation keys for status and parameter setting.

7.4.1 Key functions

Details the specific functions of the navigation keys for menu movement and value adjustment.

7.4.2 Status indicator

Explains the status indicator on the servo amplifier's display, including station address display.

7.4.3 Standard menu

Describes how to navigate the standard menu on the servo amplifier's display for status, error, and warning messages.

7.4.4 Advanced menu

Explains how to access and use the advanced menu for changing numerical values.

7.5 Messages/errors

Covers status messages, error messages (F01-F32), and warnings (n01-n32) indicated on the servo amplifier's LED display.

7.5.1 Status messages

Lists and describes the various status messages displayed by the servo amplifier.

7.5.2 Error messages

Provides a comprehensive list of error messages (F01-F32) and their descriptions, explaining how errors can be reset.

7.5.3 Warnings

Lists and describes warning messages (n01-n32) that indicate malfunctions and potential controlled shutdowns.

7.6 Safety checks

Details the mandatory safety checks for employed safety functions, including initial and regular checks.

7.7 Expansion cards

Refers to specific manuals for information on PROFIBUS DP and PROFINET expansion cards.

8 Technical details PMCprotego D.48

General

Lists general information such as approvals for the PMCprotego D.48.

Electrical data

Provides detailed electrical specifications, including supply voltage, tolerance, and frequency range for the PMCprotego D.48.

Power element

Details the power element specifications, including clock frequency, output current, and voltage rise.

9 Technical details PMCprotego D.72

General

Lists general information such as approvals for the PMCprotego D.72.

Electrical data

Provides detailed electrical specifications, including supply voltage, tolerance, and frequency range for the PMCprotego D.72.

Power element

Details the power element specifications, including clock frequency, output current, and voltage rise for the PMCprotego D.72.

10 Safety characteristic data

Safety Function Data

Presents safety characteristic data (PL, SIL, PFHD) for STO operating modes according to EN ISO 13849 and IEC 62061.

11 Order reference

11.1 Order reference for device

Lists order numbers for the basic versions of PMCprotego D.48 and D.72 servo amplifiers.

11.2 Order reference for accessories

Provides order numbers for safety cards, expansion cards, interface cables, and SD cards.

11.2.1 Safety cards to retrofit or as spare part

Lists order numbers for PMCprotego S1-2, S2-2, S1-2-C, S2-2-C safety cards and spare connectors.

11.2.2 Expansion cards to retrofit or as spare part

Lists order numbers for expansion cards like PROFINET, POSI/O-AIO, D1, POSI/O, and PROFIBUS DP.

11.2.3 Interface cable, interface adapter, SD card

Provides order numbers for interface cables, USB/RS232 adapters, and CANopen interface adapters.

11.2.4 Connector for cable assembly, motor power cable

Lists order numbers for motor connector sets used for cable assembly.

11.2.5 Connector set as spare part

Provides order numbers for spare connector sets, including various connector types.

11.2.6 Energy store

Lists order numbers for PMCenergy SD energy stores and expansion modules.

11.2.7 Connection cable to the motor series "PMCtendo SZ"

Mentions connection cables for PMCtendo SZ motors, available via catalog or on request.

12 Appendix

12.1 Abbreviations

Provides an alphabetical list of abbreviations used in the manual and their definitions.

Glossary

Absolute encoder

Encoder providing absolute position value, corresponding directly to the machine component's position.

Brake resistor

Resistor converting electrical energy into thermal energy during motor braking.

Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)

System properties related to noise emission and noise immunity.

Emergency stop

Defines emergency stop operation intended to stop a process or movement that has become hazardous.

Emergency switching off

Defines emergency switching off as an operation to cut off electrical energy supply due to shock or electrical risk.

Encoder

Device to detect angle changes (rotational movement).

Encoder

Incremental or absolute encoder detecting motor shaft position and converting it to an electrical signal.

EtherNet/IP

Open industrial standard expanding Ethernet with an industrial protocol, developed by industry associations.

Gray code

Binary figure display format where adjacent figures differ by only one bit.

Holding brake

Brake that holds masses or loads at standstill after movement has been braked.

Incremental encoder

Sensor detecting linear/rotational changes; measures path, speed, direction via pulses and phase.

Intermediate circuit

Circuit smoothing rectified supply voltage, also used as an energy store.

Intermediate circuit voltage

Voltage at a circuit on rectifier circuits.

Inverted rectifier

Output stage of servo amplifier/frequency converter generating sinusoidal output voltage via PWM.

Motion block

Data package with position control parameters for a motion task.

Motion control

Motion management for multiple physically separate drive axes.

Motion controller

Executes movements by speed, angle sync, or position via closed-loop control.

Network configuration

Distinguishes supply voltage regarding earthing methods TN, TT, and IT (IEC 60364).

Power element

Converts fixed mains voltage/frequency to variable voltage/frequency for motor driving, including rectifier, intermediate circuit, and inverter.

Pulse width modulation (PWM)

Procedure for generating sinusoidal voltage from DC voltage using periodic switching.

Resolver

Encoder converting rotor angular position to an analogue value.

Safe Torque Off (STO)

Stop function preventing motor rotation by cutting power supply to the motor.

Safety function

Function maintaining plant safe condition or preventing hazardous conditions.

Servo amplifier

Converter for servo motors enabling controlled operation of three-phase motors for dynamic movements.

Servo technology

Drive technology where components ensure system precision and dynamics.

Speed regulator

Regulates speed setpoint to actual value, outputting current setpoint.