Texas Instruments Titanium TI-89 - Electric Current; Charge; Potential; Resistance and Conductance

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Constants and Measurement Units 300

Electric Current

Electric CurrentElectric Current

Electric Current

Charge

ChargeCharge

Charge

Potential

PotentialPotential

Potential

Resistance

ResistanceResistance

Resistance

Conductance

ConductanceConductance

Conductance

_A ampere (SI) (ENG/US) _mA milliampere

_kA kiloampere

microampere

_coul coulomb (SI) (ENG/US)

_kV kilovolt _V volt (SI) (ENG/US)

_mV millivolt _volt volt

_kJ

kilo ohm _ohm ohm

megaohm

ohm (SI) (ENG/US)

_mho mho (ENG/US) _siemens siemens (SI)

_mmho millimho

mmho

micromho

Main Page

Important Information2
USA FCC Information Concerning Radio Frequency Interference2
Getting Started4
Initial Start-Up4
Installing the AAA Batteries4
Turning on Your TI-89 Titanium for the First Time5
Adjusting the Contrast5
The Apps Desktop5
TI-89 Titanium Apps Desktop6
Turning off the Calculator7
You Can Use Either of the Following Keys to Turn off the TI-89 Titanium7
TI-89 Titanium Keys9
Entering Special Characters10
To Select Characters from the CHAR Menu10
Modifier Keys13
Function Keys14
Numeric Keypad14
To Enter a Number in Scientific Notation15
Other Important Keys15
Mode Settings17
Viewing Mode Settings18
Changing Mode Settings19
Using the Catalog to Access Commands21
Calculator Home Screen24
About the History Area26
Interpreting History Information on the Status Line27
Modifying the History Area27
Working with Apps28
Opening Apps28
Returning to the Apps Desktop from Within an App31
Selecting an Apps Category31
Customizing the Apps Categories33
Open Apps and Split-Screen Status36
Top-Bottom Split Screen37
Checking Status Information38
Turning off the Apps Desktop39
Using the Clock40
Displaying the Clock Dialog Box41
Setting the Time41
Setting the Date42
Turning off the Clock47
Using Menus49
Toolbar Menus49
Other Menus49
Selecting Menu Options50
Selecting Submenu Options52
Using Dialog Boxes53
Canceling a Menu55
Moving Among Toolbar Menus55
Custom Menu55
Opening Apps with the Apps Desktop Turned off58
Using Split Screens59
Setting Split-Screen Mode59
Setting the Initial Apps for Split Screen61
To Set the Initial App for each Split-Screen Portion62
Selecting the Active App64
Exiting Split-Screen Mode64
Managing Apps and Operating System (OS) Versions65
Using the TI-89 Titanium Connectivity Features, You Can Download Apps from65
Finding the os Version and Identification (ID) Numbers65
Deleting an Application67
Connecting Your TI-89 Titanium to Other Devices67
Batteries69
Important os Download Information69
Battery Precautions70
Replacing the AAA (Alkaline) Batteries71
Replacing the Backup (Silver Oxide) Battery72
Previews73
Performing Computations73
Showing Computations73
Finding the Factorial of Numbers74
Expanding Complex Numbers74
Finding Prime Factors75
Finding Roots75
Expanding Expressions76
Reducing Expressions76
Factoring Polynomials77
Solving Equations77
Solving Equations with a Domain Constraint78
Solving Inequalities78
Finding the Derivative of Functions79
Finding Implicit Derivatives79
Finding the Integral of Functions80
Solving Problems Involving Vectors80
Log to any Base81
Converting Angle Measures81
Symbolic Manipulation82
Constants and Measurement Units84
Basic Function Graphing I86
Basic Function Graphing II89
Basic Function Graphing III92
Parametric Graphing94
Polar Graphing96
Sequence Graphing98
3D Graphing101
Differential Equation Graphing105
Additional Graphing Topics110
Tables112
Split Screens114
Data/Matrix Editor117
Statistics and Data Plots119
Programming128
Text Operations131
Numeric Solver133
Number Bases136
Memory and Variable Management138
Archiving a Variable141
Deleting Variables143
Operating the Calculator145
Turning the Calculator on145
Turning the Calculator off146
APD (Automatic Power Down)146
Setting the Display Contrast147
Adjusting the Display Contrast147
Contrast Keys147
When to Replace Batteries148
The TI-89 Titanium Keyboard148
Examples of (2Nd) and (Diamond) Modifiers150
Other Important Keys You Need to be Familiar with151
Entering Alphabetic Characters153
Entering a Letter Character on the TI-89 Titanium153
Typing Alphabetic Characters on the TI-89 Titanium154
Automatic Alpha-Lock in TI-89 Titanium Dialog Boxes155
For Special Characters156
Entering Numbers156
Entering a Negative Number156
Entering a Number in Scientific Notation157
Entering Expressions and Instructions158
Definitions159
Implied Multiplication160
Parentheses160
Entering an Expression161
Example161
Entering Multiple Expressions on a Line163
If an Entry or Answer Is too Long for One Line163
Continuing a Calculation164
Stopping a Calculation165
Formats of Displayed Results165
Pretty Print Mode166
Exact/Approx Mode166
Exact167
Approximate168
Auto168
Display Digits Mode169
Exponential Format Mode170
Editing an Expression in the Entry Line171
Removing the Highlight from the Previous Entry172
Moving the Cursor172
Deleting a Character173
Clearing the Entry Line173
Inserting or Overtyping a Character174
Replacing or Deleting Multiple Characters174
To Highlight Multiple Characters175
To Replace or Delete the Highlighted Characters175
Menus175
Displaying a Menu176
Selecting an Item from a Menu177
Items Ending with Submenus177
For Items that Have a Submenu, You Can Use the Cursor Pad as Described below178
Items Containing ". . ." (Dialog Boxes)179
Moving from One Toolbar Menu to Another180
Example: Selecting a Menu Item180
Selecting an Application181
From the Applications Menu181
From the Apps Desktop182
From the Keyboard184
Checking Mode Settings185
From the Mode Dialog Box186
Overview of the Modes187
Using the Clean up Menu to Start a New Problem189
Clean up Toolbar Menu189
Using the Catalog Dialog Box191
Displaying the Catalog191
Selecting a Built-In Command from the Catalog192
Information about Parameters193
Viewing Catalog Help194
Selecting a Flash Application Function195
Selecting a User-Defined Function or Program196
Storing and Recalling Variable Values197
Rules for Variable Names197
Data Types198
Storing a Value in a Variable199
Displaying a Variable200
Using a Variable in an Expression200
Recalling a Variable's Value201
Status Line Indicators in the Display201
A Blank Calculator Home Screen205
Displaying the Calculator Home Screen205
Parts of the Calculator Home Screen206
Scrolling through the History Area208
History Information on the Status Line209
Saving the Calculator Home Screen Entries as a Text Editor Script210
Saving the Entries in the History Area210
Restoring the Saved Entries211
Cutting, Copying, and Pasting Information212
Auto-Paste Vs. Cut/Copy/Paste212
Cutting or Copying Information to the Clipboard213
Pasting Information from the Clipboard214
Example: Copying and Pasting215
Reusing a Previous Entry or the Last Answer217
Reusing the Expression on the Entry Line217
Recalling a Previous Entry219
Recalling the Last Answer220
Auto-Pasting an Entry or Answer from the History Area221
Why Use Auto-Paste221
Auto-Pasting an Entry or Answer222
Creating and Evaluating User-Defined Functions223
Format of a Function223
Creating a User-Defined Function224
Creating a Multi-Statement Function225
Evaluating a Function227
Displaying and Editing a Function Definition227
If an Entry or Answer Is "Too Big"228
If an Entry or Answer Is "Too Long"229
If There Is Not Enough Memory229
Using the Custom Menu230
Turning the Custom Menu on and off231
Restoring the Default Custom Menu232
Finding the Software Version and ID Number233
Displaying the "About" Screen233
When Do You Need this Information?233
The about Screen Displays the Following Information about Your Calculator234
Using Undefined or Defined Variables235
How Undefined and Defined Variables Are Treated235
Determining if a Variable Is Exists236
Deleting a Defined Variable238
Temporarily Overriding a Variable239
Using Exact, Approximate, and Auto Modes240
Exact Setting240
Approximate Setting241
Auto Setting242
Automatic Simplification244
Default Simplification Rules244
How Long Is the Simplification Process?246
Delayed Simplification for Certain Built-In Functions247
Functions that Use Delayed Simplification247
Substituting Values and Setting Constraints249
Typing the "With" Operator249
Substituting for a Variable249
Substituting for a Simple Expression250
Substituting Complex Values250
Be Aware of the Limitations of Substitutions251
Specifying Domain Constraints253
Using Substitutions Vs. Defining a Variable254
Overview of the Algebra Menu255
Common Algebraic Operations258
Adding or Dividing Polynomials258
Factoring and Expanding Polynomials259
Finding Prime Factors of a Number259
Finding Partial Expansions260
Solving an Equation260
Solving a System of Linear Equations261
Finding the Zeros of an Expression263
Finding Proper Fractions and Common Denominators264
Overview of the Calc Menu265
Common Calculus Operations267
Integrating and Differentiating267
Finding a Limit268
Finding a Taylor Polynomial269
User-Defined Functions and Symbolic Manipulation269
For Information about Creating a User-Defined Function270
Undefined Functions270
Single-Statement Functions270
Multi-Statement Vs. Single-Statement Functions271
If You Get an Out-Of-Memory Error273
Freeing up Memory273
Simplifying Problems274
Special Constants Used in Symbolic Manipulation275
True, False275
@N1 ... @N255276
@1 ... @255277
Undef278
Entering Constants or Units279
From a Menu279
Combining Multiple Units281
Using Parentheses with Units in a Calculation282
Converting from One Unit to Another283
For All Units Except Temperature283
For Temperature Values286
For Temperature Ranges287
Setting the Default Units for Displayed Results287
If You’re Using the si or ENG/US System288
Setting Custom Defaults288
What Is the NONE Default?289
Creating Your Own User-Defined Units290
Why Use Your Own Units?290
Rules for User-Defined Unit Names291
Defining a Unit291
List of Pre-Defined Constants and Units293
Defaults for si and ENG/US293
Constants293
Length295
Area295
Volume296
Time296
Velocity296
Acceleration297
Temperature and Luminous Intensity297
Amount of Substance297
Mass297
Force298
Energy298
Power298
Pressure299
Viscosity, Kinematic299
Viscosity, Dynamic299
Frequency299
Electric Current300
Charge300
Potential300
Resistance and Conductance300
Capacitance301
Mag Field Strength and Mag Flux Density301
Magnetic Flux301
Inductance301
Basic Function Graphing302
Overview of Steps in Graphing Functions302
Exploring the Graph303
Setting the Graph Mode304
Angle Mode305
Checking the Status Line305
Defining Functions for Graphing305
Defining a New Function306
Editing a Function307
Clearing a Function308
Shortcuts to Move the Cursor308
From the Home Screen or a Program309
Selecting Functions to Graph309
Selecting or Deselecting Functions309
Setting the Display Style for a Function311
Displaying or Changing a Function’s Style311
If You Use above or below Shading312
Defining the Viewing Window313
Displaying Window Variables in the Window Editor313
Changing the Values314
Changing the Graph Format315
Displaying Graph Format Settings315
Changing Settings316
Graphing the Selected Functions317
Displaying the Graph Screen317
Interrupting Graphing317
If You Need to Change the Viewing Window318
Smart Graph318
Displaying Coordinates with the Free-Moving Cursor319
To Increase the Accuracy320
Tracing a Function321
Beginning a Trace321
Moving Along a Function321
Moving from Function to Function323
Automatic Panning323
Before/After Automatic Pan323
Using Quickcenter324
Before/After Using Quickcenter324
Canceling Trace324
Using Zooms to Explore a Graph325
Overview of the Zoom Menu325
Zooming in with a Zoom Box327
Zooming in and out on a Point328
Changing Zoom Factors328
Saving or Recalling a Viewing Window329
Restoring the Standard Viewing Window330
Using Math Tools to Analyze Functions330
Overview of the Math Menu331
Finding y(X) at a Specified Point332
Finding a Zero, Minimum, or Maximum Within an Interval333
Finding the Intersection of Two Functions Within an Interval333
Finding the Derivative (Slope) at a Point334
Finding the Numerical Integral over an Interval334
Finding an Inflection Point Within an Interval335
Finding the Distance between Two Points335
Drawing a Tangent Line336
Finding an Arc Length337
Shading the Area between a Function and the X Axis337
Shading the Area between Two Functions Within an Interval338
Overview of Steps in Graphing Polar Equations340
Graphing Polar Equations340
Differences in Polar and Function Graphing342
Defining Polar Equations on the Y= Editor342
Selecting the Display Style343
Window Variables343
Setting the Graph Format344
Exploring a Graph345
Overview of Steps in Graphing Parametric Equations347
Differences in Parametric and Function Graphing349
Defining Parametric Equations on the Y= Editor349
Selecting Parametric Equations350
Overview of Steps in Graphing Sequences354
Graphing Sequences354
Differences in Sequence and Function Graphing356
Defining Sequences on the Y= Editor356
Selecting Sequences358
Setting Axes for Time, Web, or Custom Plots363
Displaying the Axes Dialog Box363
Using Web Plots364
Valid Functions for Web Plots364
When You Display the Graph Screen364
Drawing the Web365
Example: Convergence366
Example: Divergence368
Example: Oscillation369
Using Custom Plots370
Example: Predator-Prey Model371
Using a Sequence to Generate a Table373
Example: Fibonacci Sequence373
Overview of Steps in Graphing 3D Equations375
Differences in 3D and Function Graphing377
Defining 3D Equations on the Y= Editor377
Moving the Cursor in 3D382
How to Move the Cursor382
Simple Example of Moving the Cursor383
Example of the Cursor on a Hidden Surface384
Example of an "Off the Curve" Cursor385
Rotating And/Or Elevating the Viewing Angle386
How the Viewing Angle Is Measured387
Effect of Changing Eye Theta388
Effect of Changing Eye Phi389
Effect of Changing Eye Psi389
Animating a 3D Graph Interactively391
The Viewing Orbit391
Animating the Graph392
Animating a Series of Graph Pictures393
Changing the Axes and Style Formats393
Displaying the Graph Formats Dialog Box393
Examples of Axes Settings394
Examples of Style Settings395
Be Aware of Possible Optical Illusions395
Contour Plots396
Selecting the Graph Format Style397
How Are Z Values Determined?399
Drawing a Contour for the Z Value of a Selected Point Interactively400
Drawing Contours for Specified Z Values401
Notes about Contour Plots401
Example: Contours of a Complex Modulus Surface402
Implicit Plots404
Explicit and Implicit Forms404
Notes about Implicit Plots407
Example: Implicit Plot of a more Complicated Equation407
Overview of Steps in Graphing Differential Equations410
Differences in Diff Equations and Function Graphing412
Defining Differential Equations on the Y= Editor412
Selecting Differential Equations413
Setting Graph Formats414
Setting Axes415
The Fldpic System Variable419
Setting the Initial Conditions421
Entering Initial Conditions in the Y= Editor421
If You Do Not Enter an Initial Condition in the Y= Editor422
Selecting an Initial Condition Interactively from the Graph Screen423
Note about Tracing a Solution Curve424
Defining a System for Higher-Order Equations425
Transforming an Equation into a 1St-Order System425
Example of a 2Nd-Order Equation427
Example of a 3Rd-Order Equation431
Setting Axes for Time or Custom Plots434
Example of Time and Custom Axes435
Predator-Prey Model436
Example Comparison of RK and Euler439
Example of the Desolve Function444
Troubleshooting with the Fields Graph Format447
Setting the Fields Graph Format447
What Order Equation Are You Graphing?447
Fields=Slpfld449
Fields=Dirfld450
Fields=Fldoff451
If You Use the Table Screen to View Differential Equations452
Overview of Steps in Generating a Table454
Exploring the Table455
Setting up the Table Parameters455
Displaying the Table Setup Dialog Box456
Which Setup Parameters to Use457
Changing the Setup Parameters457
Displaying an Automatic Table459
Before You Begin459
Displaying the Table Screen459
Changing the Cell Width461
How Numbers Are Displayed in a Cell461
If Results Are Complex Numbers463
Editing a Selected Function463
If You Want to Change the Setup Parameters464
Building a Manual (Ask) Table464
Entering or Editing an Independent Variable Value465
Entering a List in the Independent Variable Column466
Adding, Deleting, or Clearing467
Cell Width and Display Formats467
Collecting Data Points from a Graph469
Notes about Sysdata Variable470
Graphing a Function Defined on the Home Screen471
What Is the "Native" Independent Variable?471
Copying from the Home Screen to the Y= Editor472
Graphing Directly from the Home Screen473
Clearing the Graph Screen474
Extra Benefits of User-Defined Functions475
Graphing a Piecewise Defined Function475
Using the When Function476
Using a Multi-Statement, User-Defined Function477
Graphing a Family of Curves479
Examples Using the Y= Editor480
Example Using the Graph Command480
Simultaneous Graphs with Lists481
When Tracing a Family of Curves481
Using the Two-Graph Mode482
Setting the Mode482
The Two-Graph Screen483
Independent Graph-Related Features483
The Y= Editor in Two-Graph Mode484
Using a Split Screen485
Remember that the Two Sides Are Independent486
Drawing a Function or Inverse on a Graph487
Drawing a Function, Parametric, or Polar Equation487
Drawing the Inverse of a Function488
Drawing a Line, Circle, or Text Label on a Graph489
Clearing All Drawings489
Drawing a Point or a Freehand Line491
Erasing Individual Parts of a Drawing Object492
Drawing a Line between Two Points492
Drawing a Circle493
Drawing a Horizontal or Vertical Line494
Drawing a Line Based on a Point and a Slope495
Typing Text Labels496
Saving and Opening a Picture of a Graph497
Saving a Picture of the Whole Graph Screen497
Saving a Portion of the Graph Screen498
Opening a Graph Picture499
For Pictures Saved from a Portion of the Graph Screen499
Deleting a Graph Picture500
From a Program or the Home Screen500
Cyclepic Command500
Saving and Opening a Graph Database503
Elements in a Graph Database503
Saving the Current Graph Database504
Opening a Graph Database504
Deleting a Graph Database505
Setting and Exiting the Split Screen Mode506
Setting the Initial Applications507
Other Modes that Affect a Split Screen508
Split Screens and Pixel Coordinates508
Exiting the Split Screen Mode509
When You Turn off the Calculator510
Split-Screen Status Indicators on the Apps Desktop510
Selecting the Active Application512
Switching between Applications512
Opening a Different Application513
Using 2Nd QUIT to Display the Home Screen514
When Using a Top-Bottom Split514
Overview of List, Data, and Matrix Variables516
List Variable516
Data Variable517
Matrix Variable519
Starting a Data/Matrix Editor Session520
Creating a New Data, Matrix, or List Variable520
Using the Current Variable521
Creating a New Variable from the Data/Matrix Editor522
Opening Another Variable522
Deleting a Variable523
Entering and Viewing Cell Values523
The Data/Matrix Editor Screen523
Entering or Editing a Value in a Cell524
Scrolling through the Editor525
How Rows and Columns Are Filled Automatically525
Clearing a Column or All Columns528
Defining a Column Header with an Expression528
Entering a Header Definition528
Clearing a Header Definition531
Using an Existing List as a Column531
To Fill a Matrix with a List532
The Auto-Calculate Feature532
Using Shift and Cumsum Functions in a Column Header533
Using the Shift Function533
Using the Cumsum Function534
Sorting a Single Column535
Sorting All Columns Based on a "Key" Column536
Saving a Copy of a List, Data, or Matrix Variable537
Valid Copy Types537
Procedure537
To Copy a Data Column to a List538
Overview of Steps in Statistical Analysis540
Performing a Statistical Calculation541
The Calculate Dialog Box541
Redisplaying the Stat Vars Screen544
Statistical Calculation Types545
Selecting the Calculation Type546
Statistical Variables548
Calculated Variables549
Defining a Statistical Plot551
Selecting or Deselecting a Plot553
Copying a Plot Definition554
Clearing a Plot Definition554
Statistical Plot Types554
Scatter555
Xy Line555
Box Plot556
Histogram557
Using the Y= Editor with Stat Plots558
Showing the List of Stat Plots559
To Graph Plots and Y= Functions560
Graphing and Tracing a Defined Stat Plot560
Tracing a Stat Plot562
Using Frequencies and Categories563
Example of a Frequency Column563
Example of a Category Column565
If You Have a CBL 2 or CBR568
How CBL 2 Data Is Stored568
Referring to the CBL 2 Lists569
Creating a Data Variable with the CBL 2 Lists569
Data/Matrix Editor Module570
Cbr571
Running an Existing Program572
"Breaking" a Program573
Where Is the Output Displayed?574
The Program I/O Screen574
Leaving the Program I/O Screen575
Starting a Program Editor Session576
Starting a New Program or Function576
Resuming the Current Program577
Starting a New Program from the Program Editor578
Opening a Previous Program578
Copying a Program579
Note about Deleting a Program579
Overview of Entering a Program579
Entering and Editing Program Lines580
Entering Multi-Command Lines580
Entering Comments581
Controlling the Flow of a Program581
Using Indentation582
Displaying Calculated Results582
Getting Values into a Program583
Example of Passing Values to a Program584
Overview of Entering a Function585
Why Create a User-Defined Function?585
Differences between Functions and Programs586
Entering a Function587
How to Return a Value from a Function588
Example of a Function589
Calling One Program from Another590
Calling a Separate Program591
Calling an Internal Subroutine591
Notes about Using Subroutines592
Using Variables in a Program593
Scope of Variables593
Circular Definition Errors595
Variable-Related Commands and Functions596
Using Local Variables in Functions or Programs597
Example of a Local Variable598
What Causes an Undefined Variable Error Message?598
You Must Initialize Local Variables599
To Perform Symbolic Calculations600
String Operations600
How Strings Are Used601
String Commands602
Conditional Tests603
Entering a Test Operator604
Relational Tests604
Boolean Tests605
The Not Function605
Using If, Lbl, and Goto to Control Program Flow606
F2 Control Toolbar Menu606
If Command607
If...then...endif Structures607
If...then...else... Endif Structures608
If...then...elseif... Endif Structures608
Lbl and Goto Commands609
Using Loops to Repeat a Group of Commands610
For...endfor Loops611
While...endwhile Loops613
Loop...endloop Loops614
Repeating a Loop Immediately616
Lbl and Goto Loops616
Configuring the TI-89 Titanium616
Configuration Commands617
Entering the Setmode Command617
Getting Input from the User and Displaying Output618
F3 I/O Toolbar Menu618
Input Commands619
Output Commands620
Graphical User Interface Commands621
Creating a Custom Menu622
Defining a Custom Menu624
Creating a Table or Graph627
Table Commands627
Graphing Commands627
Graph Picture and Database Commands628
Drawing on the Graph Screen629
Pixel Vs. Point Coordinates629
Erasing Drawn Objects630
Drawing a Point or Pixel631
Drawing Lines and Circles631
Drawing Expressions632
Accessing Another TI-89 Titanium, a CBL 2, or a CBR633
Accessing Another TI-89 Titanium634
Accessing a CBL 2 or CBR634
Debugging Programs and Handling Errors635
Run-Time Errors635
Debugging Techniques636
Error-Handling Commands636
Example: Using Alternative Approaches637
Assembly-Language Programs641
Where to Get Assembly-Language Programs641
Note about TI-GRAPH LINK641
Running an Assembly-Language Program642
Shortcuts to Run a Program642
You Cannot Edit an Assembly-Language Program643
Displaying a List of Assembly-Language Programs643
For Information about Writing an Assembly-Language Program644
Starting a Text Editor Session645
Starting a New Session645
Resuming the Current Session646
Starting a New Session from the Text Editor647
Opening a Previous Session647
Copying a Session648
Note about Deleting a Session648
Entering and Editing Text648
Typing Text649
Typing Alphabetic Characters650
Deleting Characters651
Highlighting Text652
Replacing or Deleting Highlighted Text652
Cutting, Copying, and Pasting Text653
Finding Text654
Clearing the Text Editor655
Selecting Characters from the Char Menu656
Displaying the Keyboard Map656
TI-89 Titanium Keyboard Map Feature Shortcuts657
Typing Special Symbols from the Keyboard658
Typing Greek Letters from the Keyboard658
For a List of All Special Characters660
Entering and Executing a Command Script661
Inserting a Command Mark661
Deleting a Command Mark662
Executing a Command662
Splitting the Text Editor/ Home Screen663
Creating a Script from Your Home Screen Entries664
Displaying the Solver and Entering an Equation666
Displaying the Numeric Solver666
Recalling Previously Entered Equations668
Saving Equations for Future Use669
Opening a Saved Equation669
Defining the Known Variables670
Defining the List of Variables670
Notes and Common Errors671
Editing the Equation673
Specifying an Initial Guess And/Or Bounds (Optional)673
Solving for the Unknown Variable674
Finding the Solution674
Graphing the Solution675
Displaying the Graph676
How the Graph Affects Various Settings677
Selecting a New Initial Guess from the Graph678
Returning to a Full Screen678
Clearing Variables before Leaving the Numeric Solver679
Entering and Converting Number Bases680
Entering a Binary or Hexadecimal Number680
Converting between Number Bases681
Alternate Method for Conversions681
Performing Math Operations with Hex or bin Numbers682
Setting the Base Mode for Displayed Results682
Dividing When Base = HEX or bin683
Size Limitations When Base = HEX or bin684
Comparing or Manipulating Bits684
Rotating and Shifting Bits686
Checking and Resetting Memory689
Displaying the Memory Screen689
Resetting the Memory690
Displaying the VAR-LINK Screen691
Variable Types as Listed on VAR-LINK693
Closing the VAR-LINK Screen693
Displaying Information about Variables on the Home Screen694
Manipulating Variables and Folders with VAR-LINK694
Showing the Contents of a Variable695
Selecting Items from the List695
Folders and Variables696
Creating a Folder from the VAR-LINK Screen698
Creating a Folder from the Home Screen698
Setting the Current Folder from the Home Screen699
Setting the Current Folder from the MODE Dialog Box699
Renaming Variables or Folders700
Using Variables in Different Folders700
Listing Only a Specified Folder And/Or Variable Type, or Flash Application701
Copying or Moving Variables from One Folder to Another703
Locking or Unlocking Variables Folders, or Flash Applications703
Deleting a Folder from the VAR-LINK Screen704
Deleting a Variable or a Folder from the Home Screen705
Pasting a Variable Name to an Application705
Which Applications Can You Use?705
Archiving and Unarchiving a Variable707
Why Would You Want to Archive a Variable?707
From the VAR-LINK Screen708
If a Garbage Collection Message Is Displayed709
Responding to the Garbage Collection Message709
Why Not Perform Garbage Collection Automatically, Without a Message?710
Why Is Garbage Collection Necessary?710
How Unarchiving a Variable Affects the Process711
If the MEMORY Screen Shows Enough Free Space712
The Garbage Collection Process713
Memory Error When Accessing an Archived Variable713
What Causes the Memory Error?713
Correcting the Error714
Connectivity716
Connecting Two Units716
Connecting before Sending or Receiving716
Two TI-89 Titanium Calculators Linked Together717
A TI-89 Titanium and a Voyage 200 Linked Together718
A TI-89 Titanium and a TI-89 Linked Together719
Transmitting Variables, Flash Applications, and Folders719
Setting up the Units720
Rules for Transmitting Variables, Flash Applications, or Folders722
Canceling a Transmission724
Common Error and Notification Messages724
Deleting Variables, Flash Applications, or Folders726
Where to Get Flash Applications (Apps)727
Transmitting Variables under Program Control727
The "Chat" Program728
Running the Program730
Stopping the Program731
Upgrading the Operating System (OS)731
Important Operating System Download Information731
Backing up Your Unit before an Operating System Installation732
Where to Get Operating System Upgrades733
Transferring the Operating System733
Do Not Attempt to Cancel an Operating System Transfer734
If You Are Upgrading the Operating System on Multiple Units735
Error Messages735
Collecting and Transmitting ID Lists736
ID Lists and Group Certificates736
Clearing the ID List738
Compatibility Among the TI-89 Titanium, Voyage 200, TI-89, and TI-92 Plus738
Link Transmission Table740
Activities741
Analyzing the Pole-Corner Problem741
Maximum Length of Pole in Hallway741
Deriving the Quadratic Formula743
Performing Computations to Derive the Quadratic Formula744
Exploring a Matrix746
Exploring a 3X3 Matrix747
Exploring Cos(X) = sin(X)748
Method 1: Graph Plot748
Method 2: Symbolic Manipulation749
Finding Minimum Surface Area of a Parallelepiped750
Exploring a 3D Graph of the Surface Area of a Parallelepiped750
Finding the Minimum Surface Area Analytically751
Running a Tutorial Script Using the Text Editor752
Decomposing a Rational Function754
Studying Statistics: Filtering Data by Categories757
Filtering Data by Categories758
CBL 2 Program for the TI-89 Titanium761
Studying the Flight of a Hit Baseball763
Setting up a Parametric Graph and Table764
Optional Exercise766
Visualizing Complex Zeros of a Cubic Polynomial766
Visualizing Complex Roots766
Summary769
Solving a Standard Annuity Problem769
Finding the Interest Rate of an Annuity770
Finding the Future Value of an Annuity771
Computing the Time-Value-Of-Money771
Time-Value-Of-Money Function771
Finding the Monthly Payment773
Finding the Number of Payments773
Finding Rational, Real, and Complex Factors773
Finding Factors774
Simulation of Sampling Without Replacement775
Sampling-Without-Replacement Function775
Sampling Without Replacement776
Using Vectors to Determine Velocity776
Functions and Instructions781
Categorical Listing of Operations782
Alphabetical Listing of Operations786
Abs Math/Number Menu786
And Math/Test and Math/Base Menus786
Andpic Catalog787
Angle Math/Complex Menu787
2Nd (ANS) Key788
Approx Math/Algebra Menu788
Archive Catalog788
Arclen Math/Calculus Menu788
Augment()Math/Matrix Menu789
Avgrc Catalog789
Bin Math/Base Menu789
Blddata Catalog790
Ceiling Math/Number Menu790
Cfactor Math/Algebra/Complex Menu791
Char Math/String Menu791
Checktmr Catalog791
Circle Catalog792
Clock Off/On Catalog792
Clrdraw Catalog792
Clrerr Catalog792
Clrgraph Catalog793
Clrhome Catalog793
Clrtable Catalog793
Comdenom Math/Algebra Menu793
Сonj Math/Complex Menu794
Copyvar Catalog794
2Nd (Cos) Key795
Cos -1 Key796
Cosh and Cosh -1 Math/Hyperbolic Menu796
Cot and Cot-1 Math/Trig Menu797
Coth and Coth-1 Math/Hyperbolic Menu797
Crossp Math/Matrix/Vector Ops Menu797
Csc and Csc-1 Math/Trig Menu798
Csch and Csch-1 Math/Hyperbolic Menu798
Csolve Math/Algebra/Complex Menu798
Cubicreg Math/Statistics/Regressions Menu801
Cumsum Math/List Menu802
Custmoff/On Catalog802
2Nd Custom Key802
Cycle and Cyclepic Catalog803
Cylindmath/Matrix/Vector Ops Menu803
Czeros()Math/Algebra/Complex Menu803
2Nd (D) Key or Math/Calculus Menu805
Data-Mat Catalog/Math/List Menu805
Dayofwk Catalog805
DD Math/Angle Menu806
Dec Math/Base Menu806
Define Catalog807
Delfold Catalog807
Deltype808
Delvar Catalog808
Desolve Math/Calculus Menu808
Det Math/Matrix Menu809
Diag Math/Matrix Menu810
Dialog Catalog810
DIM Math/Matrix/Dimensions Menu810
Disp and Dispg Catalog811
Disphome Catalog811
Disptbl Catalog811
DMS Math/Angle Menu812
Dotp Math/Matrix/Vector Ops Menu812
Drawfunc Catalog812
Drawinv Catalog812
Drawparm Catalog813
Drawpol Catalog813
Drawslp Catalog813
Dropdown Catalog813
Drwctour Catalog814
EE Key814
Eigvc Math/Matrix Menu815
Eigvl Math/Matrix Menu815
Elseif Catalog815
Entry Catalog816
Exact Math/Number Menu816
Exec Catalog817
Exit Catalog817
Exp->List Catalog817
Expand Math/Algebra Menu817
Expr Math/String Menu818
Expreg Math/Statistics/Regressions Menu819
Factor Math/Algebra Menu819
Fill Math/Matrix Menu820
Floor Math/Number Menu820
Fmax/Fmin Math/Calculus Menu821
Fnoff Catalog821
Fnon Catalog822
For Catalog822
Format Math/String Menu822
Fpart Math/Number Menu823
Func Catalog823
Gcd Math/Number Menu823
Get and Getcalc Catalog824
Getconfg Catalog824
Getdate Catalog824
Getdenom Math/Algebra/Extract Menu825
Getdtfmt Catalog825
Getdtstr Catalog825
Getfold and Getkey Catalog825
Getmode Catalog826
Getnum Math/Algebra/Extract Menu826
Gettime Catalog826
Gettmfmt and Gettmstr Catalog826
Gettmzn Catalog827
Gettype Catalog827
Getunits Catalog828
Goto Catalog828
Grad Catalog/Math/Angle Menu828
Graph Catalog829
Hex Math/Base Menu829
Identity Math/Matrix Menu830
If Catalog830
Imag Math/Complex Menu830
Impdif Math/Calculus Menu, Catalog831
Input Catalog831
Inputstr Catalog831
Instring()Math/String Menu832
Int and Intdiv Catalog832
Ipart Math/Number Menu832
Isarchiv and Isclkon Catalog832
Islocked Catalog833
Isprime Math/Test Menu833
Item Catalog833
Lbl Catalog833
Lcm Math/Number Menu834
Left Math/String Menu834
Limit Math/Calculus Menu834
Line and Linehorz Catalog835
Linetan Catalog836
Linevert Catalog836
Linreg Catalog836
Math/List Menu837
List-Mat Math/List Menu837
Ln Math/String Menu837
2Nd Ln Key837
Lnreg Math/Statistics/Regressions Menu838
Local Catalog838
Lock Catalog838
Log Catalog 7 Key839
Logbase Math/String Menu839
Logistic Math/Statistics/Regressions Menu840
Loop Catalog840
LU Math/Matrix Menu841
Mat-Data Math/List Menu841
Mat-List Math/List Menu842
Max Math/List Menu842
Mean Math/Statistics Menu842
Median Math/Statistics Menu842
Medmed Math/Statistics/Regressions Menu843
MID Math/String Menu843
Min Math/List Menu844
Mod Math/Number Menu844
Movevar Catalog844
Mrow and Mrowadd Math/Matrix/Row Ops Menu844
Ncr Math/Probability Menu845
Nderiv Math/Calculus Menu845
Newdata Catalog845
Newfold Catalog846
Newlist Catalog846
Newmat Catalog also Math/Matrix Menu846
Newpic Catalog846
Newplot Catalog847
Newprob Catalog847
Nint Math/Calculus Menu847
Norm Math/Matrix/Norms Menu848
Not Math/Test Menu848
Npr Math/Probability Menu848
Nsolve Math/Algebra Menu849
Onevar Math/Statistics Menu849
Or Math/Test Menu850
Ord Math/String Menu850
Output Catalog850
P-Rx Math/Angle Menu851
P-Ry Math/Angle Menu851
Part Catalog851
Passerr Catalog853
Pause Catalog853
Plotsoff/On Catalog853
Polar Math/Matrix/Vector Ops Menu853
Polyeval Math/List Menu854
Popup Catalog854
Powerreg Math/Statistics/Regressions Menu855
Prgm Catalog855
Product Math/List Menu855
Prompt Catalog855
Propfrac Math/Algebra Menu856
Ptchg Catalog856
Ptoff/On Catalog856
Pttest Catalog856
Pttext Catalog857
Pxlchg and Pxlcrcl Catalog857
Pxlhorz Catalog857
Pxlline Catalog857
Pxloff/On Catalog858
Pxltest Catalog858
Pxltext Catalog858
Pxlvert Catalog858
QR Math/Matrix Menu859
Quadreg Math/Statistics/Regressions Menu859
Quartreg Math/Statistics/Regressions Menu860
R-Pr Math/Angle Menu861
Rad Catalog/Math/Angle Menu861
Rand Math/Probability Menu861
Sendchat Catalog869
Seq Math/List Menu869
Setdate Catalog869
Setdtfmt Catalog869
Setfold Catalog870
Setgraph Catalog870
Setmode Catalog871
Settable Catalog872
Settime Catalog872
Settmfmt Catalog872
Settmzn Catalog873
Setunits Catalog873
Shade Catalog874
Shift Catalog874
Showstat Catalog875
Sign Math/Number Menu875
Simult Math/Matrix Menu876
2Nd (Sin) Key876
Sin-1 Key877
Sinh and Sinh-1 Math/Hyperbolic Menu877
Sinreg Math/Statistics/Regressions Menu878
Solve Math/Algebra Menu878
Sorta Math/List Menu881
Sortd Math/List Menu881
Sphere Math/Matrix/Vector Ops Menu881
Starttmr Catalog881
Stddev Math/Statistics Menu882
Stddevpop Math/Statistics Menu882
Stogdb Catalog883
Stop Catalog883
Stopic Catalog883
String Math/String Menu883
Style Catalog884
Submat Catalog884
Sum Math/List Menu884
Switch Catalog885
T(Transpose) Math/Matrix Menu885
Table Catalog886
Tan 2Nd IAN Key886
Tan-1 2Nd IAN-1 Key887
Tanh Math/Hyperbolic Menu887
Tanh-1 Math/Hyperbolic Menu888
Taylor Math/Calculus Menu888
Tcollect Math\Algebra\Trig Menu888
Texpand Math\Algebra\Trig Menu889
Text Catalog889
Timecnv Catalog889
Title Catalog889
Tmpcnv Catalog890
Toolbar Catalog891
Trace Catalog891
Try Catalog891
Twovar Math/Statistics Menu892
Unarchiv Catalog892
Unitv Math/Matrix/Vector Ops Menu892
Unlock Catalog892
Variance Math/Statistics Menu893
When Catalog893
While Catalog894
Xor Math/Test Menu894
Xorpic Catalog895
Zeros Math/Algebra Menu895
Zoombox Catalog896
Zoomdata Catalog897
Zoomdec Catalog897
Zoomfit Catalog898
Zoomin Catalog898
Zoomint Catalog898
Zoomout Catalog899
Zoomprev Catalog899
Zoomrcl Catalog899
Zoomsqr Catalog899
Zoomstd Catalog900
Zoomsto Catalog900
Zoomtrig Catalog900
+(Add) + Key900
-(Subtract)-Key901
* (Multiply) X Key902
/ (Divide) Key902
^ (Power) ^ Key903
.+ (Dot Add) .+Key903
.- (Dot Subt.) .-Key903
.* (Dot Mult.) .X Keys904
. /(Dot Divide) Key904
.^ (Dot Power) .^ Key904
- (Negate) (-) Key and Math/Base Menu904
= (Equal) - Key905
2Nd < Key905
0 Key906
2Nd > Key906
!(Factorial) Key906
& (Append) X Key907
2 Nd (Integrate) Key907
2Nd (Square Root) Key908
II (Product) Math/Calculus Menu908
E (Sum) Math/Calculus Menu908
# (Indirection) Catalog908
G (Gradian) Math/Angle Menu909
R (Radian) Math/Angle Menu909
2Nd (Degree) Key909
2Nd (Angle) Key909
' (Prime) 2Nd ' Key910
_ (Underscore) Key910
2Nd (Convert) Key911
10^ Catalog911
X-1 Catalog ^-1911
"With" Key912
Store Key912
(Comment) Program Editor/Control Menu Key912
0 Aplha B/H Key913
Technical Reference914
TI-89 Titanium/Voyage 200 Error Messages914
TI-89 Titanium/Voyage 200 Modes920
Graph920
Current Folder920
Display Digits921
Angle921
Exponential Format921
Complex Format922
Vector Format922
Pretty Print922
Split 1 App and Split 2 App923
Number of Graphs923
Split Screen Ratio (Voyage 200 Only)923
Exact/Approx924
Base924
Unit System925
Custom Units925
Language925
Apps Desktop925
TI-89 Titanium/Voyage 200 Character Codes926
TI-89 Titanium Key Codes927
Table 1: Key Codes for Primary Keys927
Table 2: Arrow Keys929
Table 3: Greek Letters929
Voyage 200 Key Codes929
Table 2: Arrow Keys (Including Diagonal Movement)933
Table 3: Grave Accent Letters933
Table 4: Cedilla Letters933
Table 5: Acute Accent Letters934
Table 6: Greek Letters934
Table 7: Tilde Letters935
Table 8: Caret Letters935
Table 9: Umlaut Letters935
Entering Complex Numbers936
Overview of Complex Numbers936
Complex Format Mode for Displaying Results937
Using Complex Variables in Symbolic Calculations938
Complex Numbers and Degree Mode938
Accuracy Information939
Computational Accuracy939
Graphing Accuracy939
System Variables and Reserved Names939
Graph Zoom940
Statistics940
Data/Matrix941
Miscellaneous941
EOS (Equation Operating System) Hierarchy941
Order of Evaluation941
Parentheses, Brackets, and Braces942
Indirection942
Post Operators942
Exponentiation942
Regression Formulas943
Least-Squares Algorithm943
Regressions943
Contour Levels and Implicit Plot Algorithm945
Runge-Kutta Method945
Bogacki-Shampine 3(2) Formula946
Battery Information947
When to Replace the Batteries947
Effects of Replacing the Batteries947
Replacing the Alkaline Batteries in the TI-89 Titanium948
Replacing the Lithium Battery in the TI-89 Titanium948
Replacing the Alkaline Batteries in the Voyage 200948
Replacing the Lithium Battery in the Voyage 200949
In Case of Difficulty950
Programmer's Guide952
Setmode and Getmode953
Setgraph958
Settable961
Service and Warranty Information962
Texas Instruments Support and Service962
For General Information962
For Technical Support962
For Product (Hardware) Service963
Texas Instruments (TI) Warranty Information963
Customers in the U.S. and Canada Only963
Australia & New Zealand Customers Only965
All Other Customers966
TI-89 Titanium Shortcut Keys967
Keystroke Differences969
Index971

Texas Instruments Titanium TI-89 - Electric Current; Charge; Potential; Resistance and Conductance

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