Glossary 435
Bulb (B) A manual shutter speed setting on many cameras used for timed exposures.
When the shutter is set to B, the shutter stays open until the photographer depresses
the shutter release button. See also shutter, shutter speed.
burning The process of exposing a portion of the image longer than the rest of the
image—the opposite of dodging. Burning a portion of the image makes that area
darker than the surrounding areas of the image.
calibration The process of creating an accurate color profile for a device. Calibrating a
device ensures accurate color translation from device to device. See also device
characterization.
camera A photographic device usually consisting of a lightproof box with a lens at one
end and either light-sensitive film or a digital image sensor at the other. See also digital
point-and-shoot camera, digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) camera.
camera shake Blurring of the image caused by the combination of a slow shutter speed,
small aperture, and long focal length. See also aperture, shutter speed, tripod, unipod.
capture The process of taking the image received by the digital image sensor and
camera processor and storing that information on the memory card in the camera. See
also camera, digital image sensor, memory card.
center-weighted metering A type of metering that measures the light in the entire
viewfinder but gives extra emphasis to the center of the frame. Center-weighted
metering is the most common type of metering in consumer cameras. See also
evaluative metering, light meter, spot metering.
charge-coupled device (CCD) A type of digital image sensor that records the pixel
information row by row. See also complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS),
digital image sensor.
close-up An image where the subject usually appears within 3 feet of the camera. For
example, head shots are often referred to as close-ups. A shot of an ant on a flower’s
petal, where the ant fills a majority of the frame, is also a close-up.
CMYK A working space used for print pieces combining cyan, magenta, and yellow
inks in different combinations to create a color that reflects the proper color of light.
Black ink (K) is added to the image last to generate pure black on the page. See also
subtractive color, working space.
color cast An unnatural tint in an image due to a lack of color balance. Color casts
are often caused by artificial light sources such as interior lighting. Color casts in
images are commonly removed by adjusting levels, tint, or white balance. See also
white balance.
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