Section 01: ENGINE
PA1562
10
levels specified on the previous pages, that is:
both VDS-4 and EO-O Premium Plus.
The use of synthetic oils does not permit the
extension of the recommended oil change
intervals.
1.3.6 Oil Viscosity
The viscosity grade defines the thickness of the
oil. The oil must be thin enough at low
temperatures for easy cold starts and thick
enough to protect at high temperatures. An oil is
not fully defined until both the API quality
classification and the viscosity grade are
specified.
Choose the viscosity grade for the typical
ambient temperature for the application.
Multigrade oils have a broad range that suit
operation in changing temperature.
Volvo North America recommends the
viscosities shown in the viscosity/temperature
table for Volvo engines.
1.3.7 Oil Additives
CAUTION
Extra oil additives must never be added to
any engine oil used. Additives such as break-
in oils, top oils, graphitizers, and friction
reducing liquids are not necessary and may
even harm the engine.
Using oils to the quality standards
recommended in this manual makes the use of
extra oil additives unnecessary, as these oils
already contain a balanced treatment of
additives.
1.3.8 Oil Consumption
Once the engine is stopped, check the oil level
daily. If the engine has just been stopped and it
is warm, wait approximately five minutes to allow
the oil to drain back to the oil pan before
checking. Add oil as necessary.
CAUTION
DO NOT overfill engine with oil.
All diesel engines are designed to consume
some oil, so it is normal to add oil periodically.
An engine used in heavy-duty operation will
consume more oil than one in normal operation.
1.3.9 Oil Change
WARNING
A hot engine or engine oil can be dangerous.
Serious burns can result from contact with a
hot engine or oil. Take precautions when
draining the oil. Wear gloves or let the engine
cool down before draining.
WARNING
When draining the oil, use the proper tools
and keep away as far as possible. Raise the
elbow so the forearm is parallel to the ground
to prevent oil running down the arm, causing
burns.
CAUTION
Always dispose of all lubricants (motor oil,
coolant, gear box oils, etc) and filters
according to Federal or local regulations.
Used oil disposed of in nature or waterways
contaminates our drinking water and kills
wildlife.
WARNING
Prolonged contact with used engine oil may
be harmful. Use rubber gloves when handling
used oil. Wash skin thoroughly if it comes in
contact with used oil.
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