Cylinder Head and Valves
02
020
17
RG,RG34710,69 –19–01NOV00–1/2
Diagnosing Head Gasket Joint Failures
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A
B
C
RG8430 –UN–22MAY98
Cylinder Head Gasket Sealing Area
A—Combustion Sealing Areas
B—Coolant Sealing Areas
C—Cylinder Head Cap Screws
Head gasket failures generally fall into three categories:
• Combustion seal leakage.
• Coolant seal leakage.
• Oil seal leakage.
Combustion seal leakage failures occur when combustion
gases escape between cylinder head and head gasket
combustion flange, or between combustion flange and
cylinder liner. Leaking combustion gases may vent to an
adjacent cylinder, to a coolant or oil passage, or
externally.
Coolant or oil seal failures occur when oil or coolant
escapes between cylinder head and gasket body, or
between cylinder block and gasket body. The oil or
coolant may leak to an adjacent coolant or oil passage, or
externally.
Follow these diagnostic procedures when a head gasket
joint failure occurs or is suspected:
1. Before starting or disassembling engine, conduct a
visual inspection of machine, and note any of the
following:
• Oil or coolant in head gasket seam, or on adjacent
surfaces, especially right rear corner of gasket joint.
• Displacement of gasket from normal position.
• Discoloration or soot from combustion gas leakage.
• Leaking radiator, overflow tank, or hoses.
• Leaking coolant from coolant pump weep hole.
• Damaged or incorrect radiator, fan, or shroud.
• Obstructed air flow or coolant flow.
• Worn or slipping belts.
• Damaged or incorrect pressure cap.
• Presence of oil in coolant.
• Low coolant levels or improper coolant.
• Unusually high or low oil levels.
• Oil degradation, dilution, or contamination.
• Correctly specified electronic unit injectors.
• Indications of fuel delivery or gear train not properly
timed.
• Unburned fuel or coolant in exhaust system.
CTM100 (06APR04)
02-020-17
P
OWER
T
ECH
10.5 L & 12.5 L Diesel Engines
040604
PN=89
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