Managing a Large-Scale AS ..........................................................................143
Configuring a Confederation .................................................................144
Configuring Route Reflectors ................................................................148
Route Reflection and Redundancy ..................................................149
Route Reflection and Looping .........................................................150
Configuring BGP Multicasting ......................................................................153
Monitoring BGP Multicast Services ........................................................156
Using BGP Routes for Other Protocols .........................................................156
Configuring BGP/MPLS VPNs .......................................................................157
Testing BGP Policies ....................................................................................157
Monitoring BGP ...........................................................................................158
Part 2 Multiprotocol Layer Switching
Chapter 2 MPLS Overview 201
MPLS Overview ...........................................................................................202
Conventions for MPLS Topics ......................................................................202
MPLS Terms and Acronyms ........................................................................203
MPLS Features .............................................................................................206
MPLS Platform Considerations ....................................................................207
MPLS References .........................................................................................207
MPLS Label Switching and Packet Forwarding ............................................209
MPLS LSRs ............................................................................................210
MPLS Label Switching: Push, Look Up, and Pop ....................................210
MPLS Label Stacking .............................................................................212
MPLS Labels and Label Spaces ..............................................................212
TTL Processing in the Platform Label Space ..........................................213
TTL Processing on Incoming MPLS Packets ....................................214
TTL Processing on Outgoing MPLS Packets ....................................215
MPLS Rules for TTL Expiration .......................................................217
MPLS Label Distribution Methodology .........................................................218
Mapping IP Data Packets onto MPLS LSPs ...................................................220
Statistics for IP Packets Moving On or Off MPLS LSPs .................................222
MPLS Forwarding and Next-Hop Tables ......................................................224
Spoof Checking MPLS Packets .....................................................................225
IP and IPv6 Tunnel Routing Tables and MPLS Tunnels ................................225
Explicit Routing for MPLS ............................................................................226
MPLS Interfaces and Interface Stacking .......................................................227
MPLS Major Interfaces ..........................................................................227
MPLS Minor Interfaces ..........................................................................228
MPLS Shim Interfaces ...........................................................................228
Interface Stacking .................................................................................228
MPLS Label Distribution Protocols ...............................................................229
LDP Messages and Sessions ..................................................................230
RSVP-TE Messages and Sessions ...........................................................231
RSVP-TE State Refresh and Reliability ...................................................232
BGP Signaling .......................................................................................232
xii â– Table of Contents
JUNOSe 11.1.x BGP and MPLS Configuration Guide
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