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BGP - CONFIGURATION GUIDE V 11.1.X
Juniper BGP - CONFIGURATION GUIDE V 11.1.X
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Part 2
Multiprotocol Layer Switching
■
MPLS Overview on page 201
■
Configuring MPLS on page 267
■
Monitoring MPLS on page 315
■
Configuring BGP-MPLS Applications on page 379
Multiprotocol Layer Switching
■
199
234
236
Table of Contents
Main Page
Table of Contents
9
Table of Contents
23
Default Chapter
33
About the Documentation
33
Audience
33
Documentation Feedback
33
E Series and Junose Documentation and Release Notes
33
E Series and Junose Text and Syntax Conventions
33
Obtaining Documentation
33
Requesting Technical Support
33
Table 1: Notice Icons
34
Table 2: Text and Syntax Conventions
34
About the Documentation
35
Opening a Case with JTAC
36
Self-Help Online Tools and Resources
36
Part 1 Border Gateway Protocol
37
Border Gateway Protocol
37
Border Gateway Protocol
38
Chapter 1 Configuring BGP Routing
39
Configuring BGP Routing
39
Overview
39
Conventions in this Chapter
39
Autonomous Systems
40
Table 3: Conventions for BGP Terms
40
BGP Peers and Neighbors
41
BGP Session
41
BGP Speaker
41
Figure 1: BGP Peers
41
Figure 2: Internal and External BGP
42
IBGP and EBGP
42
Interior Gateway Protocols
42
BGP Messages
43
Figure 3: Interior Gateway Protocols
43
BGP Route
44
Routing Information Base
44
Table 4: Cease Notification Message Subcodes
44
Prefixes and CIDR
45
Figure 4: Routing Without CIDR
46
Figure 5: Routing with CIDR
46
Path Attributes
46
Transit and Nontransit Service
47
Ipv6 BGP Support
48
Exchange of Ipv6 Routing Information over TCP Ipv4
48
Figure 6: Transit Service
48
Figure 7: Nontransit Service
48
Exchange of Ipv6 Routing Information over TCP Ipv6
49
Figure 8: Ipv6 Routing over TCP Ipv4
49
Figure 9: Ipv6 Routing over TCP Ipv6
49
Link-Local Next Hops in MP-BGP Packets
49
Platform Considerations
50
References
50
Features
52
Basic Configuration
53
Enabling BGP Routing
53
Table 5: Commands Affecting BGP Globally
54
Table 6: Commands Affecting All Address Families in a VRF
54
Understanding BGP Command Scope
54
Peer Group
55
Table 7: Commands Affecting the Current Address Family
55
Table 8: Commands Affecting All Address Families for the Specified Peer or
55
Inheritance of Configuration Values
56
Table 9: Commands Affecting Only the Current Address Family for the Specified Peer or Peer Group
56
Table 10: Behavior of Neighbor Commands
57
Table 11: Inheritance from Other Commands
58
Limitations on Inheritance
60
Setting the BGP Identifier
60
Table 12: Commands that Do Not Override Inherited Outbound Policy
60
Configuring Neighbors
61
Figure 10: Configuring Neighbors
61
Before You Configure BGP
53
Configuration Tasks
53
Configuring BGP Peer Groups
62
Figure 11: BGP Peer Groups
63
Assigning a Description
64
Setting the Peer Type
64
Logging Neighbor State Changes
65
Specifying a Source Address for a BGP Session
66
Specifying Peers that Are Not Directly Connected
67
Table 13: Source Addresses and Default Next Hop Addresses for Various Configurations
67
Figure 12: Using EBGP-Multihop
68
Controlling the Number of Prefixes
69
Specifying a Single-Hop Connection for IBGP Peers
69
Removing Private as Numbers from Updates
70
Checking as Path Length
71
Enabling MD5 Authentication on a TCP Connection
72
Setting the Maximum Size of Update Messages
73
Setting Automatic Fallover
74
Setting Timers
74
Administrative Shutdown
75
Automatic Summarization of Routes
75
Configuring BGP for Overload Conditions
76
Enabling Route Storage in Adj-Ribs-Out Tables
77
Effects of Changing Outbound Policies
78
Configuring the Address Family
79
Enabling Lenient Behavior
82
Configuring Promiscuous Peers and Dynamic Peering
83
Configuring Passive Peers
85
Advertising Routes
86
Prefixes Originating in an as
86
Figure 13: Prefixes Originating in an as
87
Advertising Best Routes
88
Figure 14: Redistributing Routes into BGP
89
Redistributing Routes into BGP
89
Redistributing Routes from BGP
90
Advertising Default Routes
91
Configuring a Default Route
91
Figure 15: Advertising a Default Route
92
Redistributing Default Routes
92
Setting a Static Default Route
93
Figure 16: Setting a Static Default Route
94
Setting the Minimum Interval between Routing Updates
94
Aggregating Routes
95
Figure 17: Configuring Aggregate Addresses
95
Advertising Inactive Routes
98
Verifying an as Path
98
Advertising Ipv4 Routes between Ipv6 BGP Peers
99
Advertising Routes Conditionally
99
Advertising a Route Only When Another Route Is Present
102
Figure 18: Advertising a Route When Another Route Is Present
102
Advertising a Route Only When Another Route Is Absent
103
Figure 19: Advertising a Route When Another Route Is Absent
104
Advertising a Default Route Only When Another Route Is Present
105
Configuring BGP Routing Policy
106
Figure 20: Advertising a Default Route When Another Route Is Present
106
Table 14: Commands that Create Match-And-Set Route Maps
107
Table 15: Clauses Supported in BGP Match-And-Set Route Maps
107
Types of BGP Route Maps
107
Table 16: Commands that Create Match-Only Route Maps
108
Table 17: Clauses Not Supported in BGP Route Maps
108
Applying Table Maps
117
Command
117
Table 18: Set Clauses Supported in Route Maps Applied with the Table-Map
117
Access Lists
119
Filtering Prefixes
119
Figure 21: Filtering with Access Lists
120
Figure 22: Filtering Routes with an Access List
120
Filtering as Paths with a Filter List
123
Figure 23: Filtering with AS-Path Access Lists
124
Figure 24: Assigning a Filter List
125
Filtering as Paths with a Route Map
126
Figure 25: Route Map Filtering
127
Configuring the Community Attribute
128
Table 19: Action Based on Well-Known Community Membership
128
Figure 26: Communities
129
Community Lists
131
Figure 27: Community Lists
132
Resetting a BGP Connection
134
Changing Policies Without Disruption
135
Soft Reconfiguration
135
Cooperative Route Filtering
136
Route-Refresh Capability
136
Configuring Route Flap Dampening
138
Global Route Flap Dampening
138
Policy-Based Route Flap Dampening
140
Policy Testing
141
Selecting the Best Path
142
BGP Path Decision Algorithm
143
Configuring Next-Hop Processing
143
Figure 28: Configuring Next-Hop Processing
144
Next Hops
144
Figure 29: Next-Hop Behavior for Broadcast Multiaccess Media
146
Figure 30: Next-Hop Behavior for Nonbroadcast Multiaccess Media
146
Next-Hop-Self
146
Assigning a Weight to a Route
148
Figure 31: Assigning a Weight to a Neighbor Connection
148
Using the Neighbor Weight Command
148
Using a Route Map
149
Using an AS-Path Access List
149
Configuring the Local-Pref Attribute
151
Figure 32: Configuring the Local-Preference Attribute
152
Using the Bgp Default Local-Preference Command
152
Understanding the Origin Attribute
153
Using a Route Map to Set the Local Preference
153
Figure 33: the Origin Attribute
154
Table 20: Origin and as Path for Routes Viewed on Different Routers
155
Understanding the AS-Path Attribute
156
Configuring a Local as
157
Figure 34: AS-Path Attributes
157
Configuring the MED Attribute
158
Figure 35: Configuring the MED
158
Comparing MED Values Within a Confederation
161
Missing MED Values
161
Capability Negotiation
162
Cooperative Route Filtering
163
Dynamic Capability Negotiation
163
Four-Octet as Numbers
164
Graceful Restarts
164
Route Refresh
168
Interactions between BGP and Igps
169
Synchronizing BGP with Igps
169
Disabling Synchronization
170
Figure 37: Disabling Synchronization
171
Setting the Administrative Distance for a Route
172
Table 21: Default Administrative Distances for Route Sources
172
Figure 38: Administrative Distances
174
Configuring Backdoor Routes
175
Figure 39: Administrative Distance and Synchronization
175
Figure 40: Backdoor Route
176
Setting the Maximum Number of Equal-Cost Multipaths
176
Detecting Peer Reachability with BFD
177
BFD and BGP Graceful Restart
179
Managing a Large-Scale as
179
Configuring a Confederation
180
Figure 41: a Fully Meshed Autonomous System
181
Figure 42: a Confederation of Subautonomous Systems
182
Configuring Route Reflectors
184
Figure 43: Simple Route Reflection
185
Figure 44: Route Reflection: Logical Redundancy
185
Route Reflection and Redundancy
185
Figure 45: Route Reflection: Physical and Logical Redundancy
186
Route Reflection and Looping
186
Figure 46: BGP Route Reflection
187
Configuring BGP Multicasting
189
Monitoring BGP Multicast Services
192
Using BGP Routes for Other Protocols
192
Configuring BGP/MPLS Vpns
193
Testing BGP Policies
193
Monitoring BGP
194
Multiprotocol Layer Switching
235
Multiprotocol Layer Switching
236
MPLS Overview
237
Chapter 2 MPLS Overview
237
Conventions for MPLS Topics
238
MPLS Overview
238
Table 22: Conventions for MPLS Terms
238
MPLS Terms and Acronyms
239
Table 23: MPLS Terms and Acronyms
240
MPLS Features
242
MPLS Platform Considerations
243
MPLS References
243
MPLS Label Switching and Packet Forwarding
245
Figure 47: Simple MPLS Domain
246
MPLS Label Switching: Push, Look Up, and Pop
246
MPLS Lsrs
246
Figure 48: Label Switching
247
Figure 49: Label Stacking
248
MPLS Label Stacking
248
MPLS Labels and Label Spaces
248
Figure 50: Shim Header
249
TTL Processing in the Platform Label Space
249
TTL Processing on Incoming MPLS Packets
250
Figure 51: TTL Processing on Incoming MPLS Packets
251
TTL Processing on Outgoing MPLS Packets
251
Figure 52: TTL Processing on Outgoing MPLS Packets
253
MPLS Rules for TTL Expiration
253
MPLS Label Distribution Methodology
254
Figure 53: LSP Creation, Downstream-On-Demand, Ordered Control
255
Figure 54: LSP Creation, Downstream-Unsolicited, Independent Control
256
Mapping IP Data Packets Onto MPLS Lsps
256
Statistics for IP Packets Moving on or off MPLS Lsps
258
MPLS Forwarding and Next-Hop Tables
260
IP and Ipv6 Tunnel Routing Tables and MPLS Tunnels
261
Spoof Checking MPLS Packets
261
Explicit Routing for MPLS
262
MPLS Interfaces and Interface Stacking
263
Figure 55: Explicit Routing in an MPLS Domain
263
MPLS Major Interfaces
263
Figure 56: MPLS Interface Stacking for the Platform Label Space
264
Interface Stacking
264
MPLS Minor Interfaces
264
MPLS Shim Interfaces
264
Figure 57: MPLS Interface Stacking for the Interface Label Space
265
LDP Messages and Sessions
266
RSVP-TE Messages and Sessions
267
BGP Signaling
268
RSVP-TE State Refresh and Reliability
268
MPLS Label Distribution Protocols
265
ECMP Labels for MPLS
269
MPLS Connectivity and ECMP
269
Supported Tlvs
270
Table 24: Tlvs Supported by MPLS LSP Ping
270
MPLS Connectivity Verification and Troubleshooting Methods
271
Table 25: Sub-Tlvs Supported for the Target FEC Stack TLV
271
Ping Extensions for Point-To-Multipoint Lsps Connectivity Verification at Egress Nodes
273
Echo Jitter TLV Overview
274
P2MP Responder Identifier TLV Overview
274
RSVP P2MP Ipv4 Session Sub-TLV Overview
274
Traceroute Overview
275
Point-To-Multipoint Lsps Connectivity Verification at Egress Nodes Overview
273
Tlvs and Sub-Tlvs Supported for Point-To-Multipoint Lsps Connectivity Verification at Egress Nodes
275
Echo Jitter TLV Operations
275
P2MP Responder Identifier TLV Operations
276
Table 26: Sub-Tlvs Supported for the P2MP Responder Identifier TLV
276
Egress Address P2MP Responder Identifier Sub-Tlvs
277
Node Address P2MP Responder Identifier Sub-Tlvs
277
LDP Discovery Mechanisms
278
LDP Basic Discovery Mechanism
278
LDP Extended Discovery Mechanism
278
MPLS Traffic Engineering
279
LSP Backup
279
Methods for Configuring RSVP-TE Tunnels
280
Path Option
280
Reoptimization
280
Tracking Resources for MPLS Traffic Engineering
280
Admission Control Interface Table
281
Configuring Traffic-Engineering Resources
281
Starting Admission Control
281
LSP Preemption
282
Topology-Driven Lsps
282
LDP over RSVP-TE
282
Figure 58: LDP Tunneled through an RSVP-TE Core
283
LDP Graceful Restart
283
Table 27: Summary of LDP Graceful Restart States
284
LDP-IGP Synchronization
285
Synchronization Behavior During Graceful Restart
286
Synchronization and te Metrics
287
Synchronization Behavior on IGP Passive Interfaces
287
Synchronization Behavior on LAN Interfaces
287
Determining Peer Reachability with RSVP-TE Hello Messages
287
Hello Message Instances
288
Hello Message Objects
288
Sequence of Hello Message Exchange
288
Behavior of both Peers
289
Behavior of the Acknowledging Peer
289
Behavior of the Requesting Peer
289
Determination that a Peer Has Reset
289
RSVP-TE Graceful Restart
290
Announcement of the Graceful Restart Capability
290
Restarting Behavior
290
Recovery Behavior
291
Preservation of an Established LSP Label
292
RSVP-TE Hellos Based on Node Ids
292
BFD Protocol and RSVP-TE
293
Tunneling Model for Differentiated Services Overview
294
Pipe and Short Pipe Models
294
Uniform Model
295
EXP Bits for Differentiated Services Overview
295
Incoming Traffic
295
Outgoing Traffic
295
Setting the EXP Bits for Outgoing Traffic
296
Figure 59: Flow for Initial Setting of EXP Bits for the First Label Pushed
297
Figure 60: Flow for Setting EXP Bits for All Pushed Labels
298
Using E Series Routers as Egress Lsrs
299
Figure 61: Simple MPLS Domain
300
Point-To-Multipoint Lsps Overview
298
Point-To-Multipoint Lsps Configuration
301
Configuring an E Series Router as an Egress Router
301
Configuring MPLS
303
Chapter 3 Configuring MPLS
303
Basic MPLS Configuration Tasks
304
Table 28: Configuration Tasks by Type of Network
304
MPLS Global Configuration Tasks
305
MPLS Global Tasks
305
LDP Global Tasks
306
RSVP-TE Global Tasks
308
LDP and RSVP-TE Interface Profile Configuration Tasks
309
LDP Interface Profile Configuration Tasks and Commands
309
RSVP-TE Interface Profile Configuration Tasks and Commands
309
MPLS Interface Configuration Tasks
310
MPLS Interface Tasks
310
LDP Interface Tasks
311
RSVP-TE Interface Tasks
311
MPLS Tunnel Configuration Tasks
312
MPLS Tunnel Profile Configuration Tasks
313
Configuring Explicit Routing for MPLS
315
Defining Configured Explicit Paths
316
Specifying Configured Explicit Paths on a Tunnel
316
Configuring Dynamic Explicit Paths on a Tunnel
317
Additional LDP Configuration Tasks
317
Configuring LDP FEC Deaggregation
317
Configuring LDP Graceful Restart
318
Figure 62: FEC Aggregation and Equal-Cost Paths
318
Configuring LDP Autoconfiguration
319
Configuring LDP-IGP Synchronization
320
Configuring LDP MD5 Authentication
321
Additional RSVP-TE Configuration Tasks
322
Controlling LDP Label Distribution
322
Configuring RSVP MD5 Authentication
323
Configuring RSVP-TE Fast Rerouting with RSVP-TE Bypass Tunnels
324
Figure 63: Bypass Tunnel
325
Configuration Example
326
Fast Reroute over SONET/SDH
326
Configuring RSVP-TE Hello Messages to Determine Peer Reachability
327
Configuring RSVP-TE Graceful Restart
328
Configuring RSVP-TE Hellos Based on Node Ids
329
Configuring the BFD Protocol for RSVP-TE
330
Configuring Igps and MPLS
331
Configuring Igps and MPLS
332
Configuring the Igps for Traffic Engineering
333
Configuring MPLS and Differentiated Services
335
Configuring the Tunneling Model for Differentiated Services
335
Configuring EXP Bits for Differentiated Services
336
Example Differentiated Services Application and Configuration
336
Differentiated Services Configuration Example
337
Figure 64: Differentiated Services over an MPLS Network
337
Classifying Traffic for Differentiated Services
339
Table 29: Incoming L-LSP PHB Determination
339
Table 30: Examples of Incoming L-LSP PHB Determination
340
Table 31: Outgoing L-LSP PHB Determination
340
Configuring Static EXP-To-PHB Mapping
341
Signaled Mapping for RSVP-TE Tunnels
341
Classes/Colors
342
Figure 65: Associations between PHB ID, EXP Bits, and Traffic
342
Figure 66: Signaled Mapping
343
Preference of Per-VR Versus Per-LSP Behavior
344
Example Traffic Class Configuration for Differentiated Services
344
Table 32: Differentiated Services Mapping
345
Configuration on the Ingress Router
346
Configuration on the Ingress and Transit Routers
347
Configuration on the Transit and Egress Routers
348
Monitoring MPLS
351
Chapter 4 Monitoring MPLS
351
Setting the Baseline for MPLS Statistics
352
Setting a Baseline for MPLS Major Interface Statistics
352
Enabling and Setting a Baseline for MPLS Forwarding Table Statistics
353
Enabling and Setting a Baseline for MPLS Next-Hop Table Statistics
354
Enabling Statistics Collection for Policies Attached to MPLS Tunnels
354
Setting a Baseline for MPLS Tunnel Statistics
354
Clearing and Re-Creating Dynamic Interfaces from MPLS Major Interfaces
355
Table
355
Clearing and Refreshing Ipv6 Dynamic Routes in the Tunnel Routing Table
355
Monitoring ATM Vcs and VPI/VCI Ranges Used for MPLS
356
Tracing Paths through the MPLS User Plane
356
Table 33: Show Atm VC Output Fields
357
Monitoring Global Call Admission Control Configuration
358
Monitoring Interfaces Configured with Traffic Engineering Bandwidth Accounting
358
Table 34: Show Cac Interface Output Fields
358
Monitoring IP and Ipv6 Tunnel Routing Tables
359
Monitoring Virtual Router Configuration
359
Monitoring LDP
361
Table 35: Show Ip Tunnel Route and Show Ipv6 Tunnel-Route Output
361
Fields
361
Table 36: Show Ldp Output Fields
362
Monitoring MPLS Label Bindings
363
Monitoring LDP Graceful Restart
364
Table 37: Show Ldp Binding and Show Mpls Binding Output Fields
364
Table 38: Show Ldp Graceful Restart Output Fields
364
Monitoring Interfaces that Are Synchronizing with LDP
365
Table 39: Show Ldp Igp-Sync Output Fields
365
Monitoring LDP Interfaces
366
Table 40: Show Ldp Interface Output Fields
366
Monitoring LDP Neighbors
368
Table 41: Show Ldp Neighbor Output Fields
369
Monitoring LDP Profiles
370
Monitoring LDP Statistics
371
Table 42: Show Ldp Profile Output Fields
371
Table 43: Show Ldp Statistics Output Fields
372
Monitoring LDP Targeted Hello Receive and Send Lists
373
Monitoring MPLS Status and Configuration
374
Table 44: Show Ldp Targeted Session Output Fields
374
Table 45: Show Mpls Output Fields
375
Monitoring MPLS Explicit Paths
377
Monitoring the RSVP-TE Bypass Tunnels
377
Table 46: Show Mpls Explicit-Paths Output Fields
377
Monitoring MPLS Labels Used for Forwarding
378
Table 47: Show Mpls Fast-Reroute Output Fields
378
Monitoring MPLS Interfaces
379
Table 48: Show Mpls Forwarding Output Fields
379
Table 49: Show Mpls Interface Output Fields
383
Monitoring MPLS Minor Interfaces
385
Monitoring MPLS Next Hops
387
Table 50: Show Mpls Minor-Interface Output Fields
387
Monitoring the Configured Mapping between PHB Ids and Traffic Class/Color Combinations
388
Table 51: Show Mpls Next-Hop Output Fields
388
Monitoring RSVP-TE Profiles and MPLS Tunnel Profiles
389
Table 52: Show Mpls Phb-ID Output Fields
389
Monitoring RSVP Path State Control Blocks, Reservation State Control Blocks, or Sessions
390
Table 53: Show Mpls Profile Output Fields
390
Table 54: Show Mpls Rsvp Output Fields
391
Monitoring RSVP MD5 Authentication
394
Table 55: Show Mpls Rsvp Authentication Output Fields
394
Monitoring RSVP-TE Interfaces Where BFD Is Enabled
395
Table 56: Show Mpls Rsvp Bfd Interfaces Output Fields
395
Monitoring RSVP-TE Interface Counters
396
Table 57: Show Mpls Rsvp Counters Output Fields
396
Monitoring RSVP-TE Graceful Restart
398
Table 58: Show Mpls Rsvp Hello Graceful Restart Output Fields
398
Monitoring RSVP-TE Hello Adjacency Instances
399
Table 59: Show Mpls Rsvp Hello Instance Output Fields
400
Monitoring Status and Configuration for MPLS Tunnels
401
Table 60: Show Mpls Tunnels Output Fields
402
Verifying and Troubleshooting MPLS Connectivity
403
Address
403
Tracing the Path of an MPLS Echo Request Packet to an IP or Ipv6
403
Sending an MPLS Echo Request Packet to a Martini Circuit
404
Sending an MPLS Echo Request Packet to an IP or Ipv6 Address
404
Sending an MPLS Echo Request Packet to an L3VPN IP or Ipv6 Prefix
404
Tracing the Path of an MPLS Echo Request Packet to a Martini Circuit
404
Sending an MPLS Echo Request Packet to a VPLS Instance
405
Sending an MPLS Echo Request Packet to an RSVP-TE Tunnel
405
Tracing the Path of an MPLS Echo Request Packet to a VPLS Instance
405
Tracing the Path of an MPLS Echo Request Packet to an L3VPN IP or Ipv6 Prefix
405
Tracing the Path of an MPLS Echo Request Packet to an RSVP-TE Tunnel
405
Packet Flow Examples for Verifying MPLS Connectivity
405
Figure 67: Sample MPLS L3VPN Topology
406
Packet Flow Example for the Ping Mpls Command
406
Packet Flow Examples for MPLS Lsps to an IP Prefix
406
Packet Flow Example for the Trace Mpls Command
408
Packet Flows for Ping and Trace to L3VPN Ipv4 Prefixes
409
Inter-AS Topology
411
Packet Flows to L3VPN Ipv6 Prefixes
412
Troubleshooting MTU Problems in Point-To-Point Lsps
412
Troubleshooting MTU Problems in a Point-To-Point MPLS LSP Associated with a Martini Circuit
413
Troubleshooting MTU Problems in a Point-To-Point MPLS LSP Associated with an IP or Ipv6 Address
413
Troubleshooting MTU Problems in a Point-To-Point MPLS LSP Associated with an L3VPN IP or Ipv6 Prefix
413
Troubleshooting MTU Problems in a Point-To-Point MPLS LSP Associated with an RSVP-TE Tunnel
413
Troubleshooting MTU Problems in a Point-To-Point MPLS LSP Associated with a VPLS Instance
414
Chapter 5 Configuring BGP-MPLS Applications
415
Overview
415
Address Families
416
Equal-Cost Multipath Support
417
BGP/MPLS VPN Components
418
Figure 68: ECMP BGP/MPLS VPN Scenario
418
Figure 69: BGP/MPLS VPN Scenario
419
Figure 70: BGP/MPLS VPN Components
420
Route Targets
421
VPN-Ipv4 Addresses
421
Distribution of Routes and Labels with BGP
422
Figure 71: Route and Label Distribution
422
Figure 72: Standard and Extended BGP Update Messages
424
Platform Considerations
425
References
425
Figure 73: BGP/MPLS VPN Route Exchange
426
Transporting Packets Across an IP Backbone with MPLS
426
Figure 74: LSP Creation for BGP/MPLS VPN
428
Figure 75: Traffic Across the MPLS Backbone of a BGP/MPLS VPN
429
Configuring Ipv6 Vpns
430
Intra-AS Ipv6 Vpns
431
BGP Control Plane Behavior
432
CE-PE Behavior
432
Figure 76: Ipv6 VPN Services over Ipv4 MPLS
432
MPLS Data Plane Behavior
433
PE-PE Behavior
433
Providing Ipv4 VPN Services Across Multiple Autonomous Systems
433
Figure 77: Inter-AS Topology with Vrfs on each as Boundary Router
434
Inter-AS Option a
434
Inter-AS Option B
434
Figure 78: Inter-AS Topology with End-To-End Stacked MPLS Tunnels
435
Figure 79: Topology for Three-Label Stack Configuration for Inter-AS Option
438
Inter-AS Option C
438
Figure 80: Topology for Inter-AS Option C with Route Reflectors
440
Inter-AS Option C with Route Reflectors
440
Figure 81: Inter-AS Ipv6 VPN Services
441
Providing Ipv6 VPN Services Across Multiple Autonomous Systems
441
Using Route Targets to Configure VPN Topologies
442
Figure 82: Site Connectivity in a Full-Mesh VPN
442
Full-Mesh Vpns
442
Figure 83: Route Target Configuration for a Full-Mesh VPN
443
Figure 84: Site Connectivity in a Hub-And-Spoke VPN
443
Hub-And-Spoke Vpns
443
Figure 85: Route Target Configuration for a Hub-And-Spoke VPN
444
Figure 86: Site Connectivity in an Overlapping VPN
444
Overlapping Vpns
444
Figure 87: Route Target Configuration for an Overlapping VPN
445
Figure 88: Overlapping Vpns on a Single PE
445
Constraining Route Distribution with Route-Target Filtering
446
Exchanging Route-Target Membership Information
447
Receiving and Sending RT-MEM-NLRI Routing Updates
448
Table 61: Route-Target Filtering Advertisement Rules for Routes Received from Peers
448
Advertising a Default Route
450
Conditions for Advertising RT-MEM-NLRI Routes
450
Route Selection When Route-Target Filtering Is Enabled
452
Configuring Route-Target Filtering
453
Configuring BGP VPN Services
454
VRF Configuration Tasks
454
PE Router Configuration Tasks
456
Creating a VRF
457
Defining Route Targets for Vrfs
458
Specifying a Route Distinguisher
458
Figure 89: Fully Meshed Vpns
460
Figure 90: Hub-And-Spoke VPN
462
Setting Import and Export Maps for a VRF
462
Characteristics of Import and Global Import Maps
463
Figure 91: Import and Export Maps
463
Characteristics of Export and Global Export Maps
464
Table 62: Characteristics of Import and Global Import Maps
464
Table 63: Characteristics of Export and Global Export Maps
464
Creating a Map
465
Export Maps
465
Subsequent Distribution of Routes
465
Global Export Maps
466
Import Maps
466
Global Import Maps
467
Assigning an Interface to a VRF
468
Global Export of Ipv6 VPN Routes into the Global BGP Ipv6 RIB
468
Defining Secondary Routing Table Lookup
470
Adding Static Routes to a VRF
471
Configuring Igps on the VRF
472
Configuring the IGP in the VRF Context
472
Figure 92: Configuring Static Routes
472
Configuring the IGP Outside the VRF Context
473
Creating Labels Per FEC
474
Disabling Automatic Route-Target Filtering
474
Configuring PE-To-PE Lsps
476
Enabling BGP ECMP for BGP/MPLS Vpns
476
Enabling BGP Routing
476
Figure 93: BGP/MPLS VPN IBGP Example
477
Figure 94: BGP/MPLS VPN EIBGP Example
478
Enabling VPN Address Exchange
479
Configuring PE-To-CE BGP Sessions
480
Figure 95: PE-To-CE Session
480
Advertising IGP Routes to Customers
481
Advertising Static Routes to Customers
481
Disabling the Default Address Family
482
Using a Single as Number for All CE Sites
483
Preventing Routing Loops
484
Figure 96: Network with Potential Routing Loops
485
Figure 97: Preventing Potential Routing Loops in the Network
486
Advertising Prefixes with Duplicate as Numbers
487
Figure 98: Allowing Local as in Vpnv4 Address Family
487
Controlling Route Importation
488
Deleting Routes for a VRF
489
Enabling VRF-To-VR Peering
490
Achieving Fast Reconvergence in VPN Networks
491
Before Tunnels Go down
492
Fast Reconvergence with Unique Rds
492
Figure 99: Topology for Fast Reconvergence by Means of Unique VRF Rds
492
Checking, after Tunnels Go down
493
Fast Reconvergence by Means of Reachability Checking
493
Figure 100: Topology for Fast Reconvergence by Means of Reachability
493
Configuring BGP to Send Labeled and Unlabeled Unicast Routes
494
BGP Next-Hop-Self
495
BGP Processing of Received Routes
496
Labeled Unicast Routes
496
Labeled VPN Routes
496
Resolving Ipv6 Indirect Next Hops
496
Table 64: Resolution of Indirect Next Hops
496
Unlabeled Unicast Routes
496
BGP Advertising Rules for Labeled and Unlabeled Routes with the same AFI
497
Multicast Services over Vpns
454
Providing Internet Access to and from Vpns
497
Table 65: Advertising Action Taken Following Best Route Selection
497
Configuring a Default Route to a Shared Interface
498
Enabling Traffic Flow from the VPN to the Internet
498
Problems
498
Solutions
498
Configuring a Fallback Global Option
499
Figure 101: Static Default Route for Internet Access
499
Configuring a Global Import Map for Specific Routes
500
Figure 102: Fallback Global Option
500
Creating a BGP Session between the CE Router and the Parent VR
501
Figure 103: Global Import Map Applied to Routes Imported from VRF BGP
501
Rib
501
Figure 104: BGP Session between CE Router and Parent VR
502
Enabling Traffic Flow from the Internet to the VPN
503
Static Routes to a Shared IP Interface
503
Figure 105: Static Route to Shared IP Interface
504
Global Export Map
504
Carrier-Of-Carriers Ipv4 Vpns
505
Figure 106: Global Export Map Applied to Routes Exported from VRF BGP
505
Rib
505
Customer Carrier as an Internet Service Provider
506
Configuration Steps
507
Figure 107: Carrier-Of-Carriers Internet Service
507
Customer Carrier as a VPN Service Provider
508
Configuration Steps
509
Figure 108: Carrier-Of-Carriers VPN Service
509
Enabling Carrier-Of-Carriers Support on a VRF
510
Carrier-Of-Carriers Using BGP as the Label Distribution Protocol
511
Carrier-Of-Carriers Ipv6 Vpns
511
Figure 109: Carrier-Of-Carrier Ipv6 Vpns
511
Connecting Ipv6 Islands Across Ipv4 Clouds with BGP
512
Figure 110: Ipv6 Tunneled over MPLS-Ipv4
512
Connecting Ipv6 Islands Across Multiple Ipv4 Domains
513
Figure 111: Ipv6 Tunneled Across Ipv4 Domains
513
Configuring Ipv6 Tunneling over Ipv4 MPLS
514
OSPF and BGP/MPLS Vpns
515
Distributing OSPF Routes from CE Router to PE Router
516
Distributing Routes between PE Routers
516
OSPF Domain Identifier Attribute
516
Preserving OSPF Routing Information Across the MPLS/VPN Backbone
516
Distributing OSPF Routes from PE Router to CE Router
517
OSPF Route Type Attribute
517
Table 66: Route Types and Route Origins
517
Figure 112: OSPF Topology with Backdoor Link
518
Preventing Routing Loops
518
Using Remote Neighbors to Configure OSPF Sham Links
518
OSPF Backdoor Links
519
OSPF Sham Links
519
Figure 113: OSPF Sham Link
520
Configuration Tasks
521
Configuring L2Vpns
523
Configuring VPLS
523
Monitoring BGP/MPLS Vpns
523
Layer 2 Services over MPLS
543
Layer 2 Services over MPLS Overview
545
Chapter 6 Layer 2 Services over MPLS Overview
545
Layer 2 Services over MPLS Platform Considerations
546
Figure 114: Layer 2 Services over a Provider's MPLS Network
546
Module Requirements
546
Interface Specifiers
547
Layer 2 Services over MPLS References
547
Layer 2 Services over MPLS Implementation
548
Local Cross-Connects between Layer 2 Interfaces Using MPLS
549
MPLS Shim Interfaces for Layer 2 Services over MPLS
549
ATM Layer 2 Services over MPLS
551
Figure 115: Common ISP Network
551
AAL5 Encapsulation
552
Figure 116: E Series Router Replacing Remote ATM Switch
552
Figure 117: AAL5 Pseudowire and MPLS Tunnel
552
OAM Cells
552
Control Word Support
553
Limitations
553
Qos Classification
553
Figure 118: CE-Side MPLS L2VPN Tunnel over LAG
557
Chapter 7 Configuring Layer 2 Services over MPLS
565
Multiple Layer 2 Services over MPLS
551
Figure 119: Local Cross-Connect between Ethernet/Vlan Interfaces
569
Configuring Hdlc Layer 2 Services
574
Figure 120: CE-Side Load-Balancing Topology
578
Figure 121: Sample Frame Relay over MPLS Configuration
580
Figure 122: MPLS L2VPN Tunnel over VLAN over LAG Configuration
584
Example
584
Figure 123: MPLS L2VPN Tunnel over LAG Configuration Example
587
Figure 124: MPLS L2VPN Tunnel over LAG Configuration Example
591
Table 67: Martini Circuit Scenarios Without Ethernet Raw Mode
591
Figure 125: Ethernet Packet Distribution over Martini Circuits
592
Table 68: Martini Circuit Scenarios with Ethernet Raw Mode
592
Figure 126: Martini Circuit with Two Pseudowires between PE-Facing
594
Routers
594
Figure 127: Martini Circuit Deployment for Transmission of Multiple ATM Vcs over a Single Pseudowire
596
Chapter 8 Monitoring Layer 2 Services over MPLS
599
Table 69: Show Atm Mcpt-Timers Output Fields
600
Table 70: Show Atm Subinterface Output Fields
601
Table 71: Show Mpls Cross-Connects Atm Output Fields
602
Monitoring Mpls Forwarding for Layer 2 Services over Mpls
603
Monitoring Mpls Layer 2 Interfaces for Layer 2 Services over Mpls
604
Table 72: Show Mpls Forwarding Output Fields
604
Table 73: Show Mpls Interface and Show Mpls L2Transport Interface Output
606
Fields
606
Virtual Private Lan Service
609
Chapter 9 VPLS Overview
611
Figure 128: VPLS Sample Topology
612
Table 74: VPLS Forwarding Table on PE 1 for VPLS a
614
Table 75: VPLS Forwarding Table on PE 1 for VPLS B
614
Table 76: VPLS Forwarding Table on PE 2 for VPLS a
614
Table 77: VPLS Forwarding Table on PE 2 for VPLS B
615
Chapter 10 Configuring VPLS
625
Table 78: Commands to Configure Basic VPLS Instances
626
Table 79: Default Subscriber Policies for VPLS Network Interfaces
632
Table 80: Commands to Configure Subscriber Policies
633
Table 81: Commands to Configure BGP Signaling for VPLS
636
Figure 129: Topology for VPLS Configuration Example with BGP
638
Signaling
638
Table 82: Commands to Configure LDP Signaling for VPLS
643
Table 83: Commands to Configure OSPF for a VPLS Network
644
Figure 130: Topology for VPLS Configuration Example with LDP
645
Signaling
645
Chapter 11 Monitoring VPLS
649
Table 84: Commands for Monitoring VPLS Bridging Settings
653
Table 85: Show Bridge Output Fields
655
Monitoring Vpls Configuration and Statistics for All Vpls Instances
656
Table 86: Show Bridge Groups Details Output Fields
657
Table 87: Show Bridge Interface Output Fields
659
Monitoring Configuration, Statistics, and Status for Vpls Core Interfaces
661
Table 88: Show Bridge Interface Output Fields
661
Table 89: Show Bridge Interface Vpls Output Fields
661
Monitoring Configuration, Statistics, and Status for Vpls Ports
663
Table 90: Show Bridge Port Output Fields
664
Monitoring Mac Address Entries for a Specific Vpls Instance
665
Table 91: Show Bridge Port Brief Output Fields
665
Monitoring Subscriber Policy Rules
666
Table 92: Show Bridge Table Output Fields
666
Monitoring Bgp-Related Settings for Vpls
667
Table 93: Show Subscriber-Policy Output Fields
667
Monitoring Layer 2 Nlri for Vpls Instances
668
Table 94: Commands for Monitoring VPLS BGP Settings
668
Table 95: Show Ip Bgp L2Vpn Output Fields
670
Monitoring Bgp Next Hops for Vpls
671
Monitoring Ldp-Related Settings for Vpls
672
Table 96: Show Ip Bgp Next-Hops Output Fields
672
Monitoring Mpls-Related Settings for Vpls
673
Table 97: Show Ldp Vpls Output Fields
673
Table 98: Show Mpls Forwarding Output Fields
674
Table 99: Show Vpls Connections Output Fields
676
Virtual Private Wire Service
679
Chapter 12 VPWS Overview
681
Figure 131: VPWS Sample Topology
682
Table 100: Components of VPWS NLRI
683
Figure 132: VPWS Components
684
Before You Configure Vpws
693
Chapter 13 Configuring VPWS
693
Table 101: Commands to Configure Basic VPWS Instances
695
Figure 133: VPWS Cross-Connects
698
Table 102: Commands to Configure BGP Signaling for VPWS
700
Figure 134: Topology for VPWS Configuration Example
702
Chapter 14 Monitoring VPWS
707
Table 103: Commands for Monitoring BGP Settings for the VPWS Address Family
709
Table 104: Commands for Monitoring BGP Settings for the VPWS Address
709
Family
709
Table 105: Show Ip Bgp L2Vpn Output Fields
712
Table 106: Show Ip Bgp L2Vpn All Next-Hops Output Fields
714
Monitoring Vpws Connections
715
Table 107: Show L2Vpn Connections Output Fields
717
Table 108: Show L2Vpn Instance Output Fields
719
Monitoring L2Vpn Interfaces for Vpws
720
Table 109: Show L2Vpn Interface Output Fields
720
Monitoring Mpls Forwarding Table for Vpws
722
Table 110: Show Mpls Forwarding Output Fields
723
Index
727
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