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8712C
HP 8712C User Manual
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Optimizing Measurements
This chapter describes techniques and analyzer functions that help you
achieve the best measurement results. The following sections are included in
this chapter:
l
Increasing Sweep Speed
l
Increasing Network Analyzer Dynamic Range
l
Reducing Trace Noise
l
Reducing Mismatch Errors
l
Compensating for Phase Shift in Measurement Setups
l
Measuring Devices with Long Electrical Delay
5-2
_I
223
225
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
5
Installing the Analyzer
17
Step 1. Check the Shipment
19
Step 2. Meet Electrical and Environmental Requirements
20
Voltage Selector Switch Location
20
Protective Earth Ground
22
Ventilation Clearance Requirements
23
Step 3. Check the Analyzer Operation
25
Step 4. Configure the Analyzer
26
Connecting Peripherals and Controllers
27
Analyzer Rear Panel Line Module and Selected Connectors
27
HP-IB Connection Configurations
29
Installing the Analyzer in a Rack
33
Preventive Maintenance
34
Maximum and Minimum Protrusion of Center Conductor from Mating Plane
34
Getting Started
35
Network Analyzer Front Panel Features
36
Front Panel Tour
37
Entering Measurement Parameters
38
Connect the Filter to the Analyzer
39
Both Measurement Channels Active
45
Split Display
46
Performing the Operator's Check
47
Equipment List
48
Make a Transmission Measurement
49
Equipment Setup for Transmission Measurement
49
Verify Transmission Measurement
50
Make a Reflection Measurement
51
Verify Reflection Measurement
51
Connect the Load
52
If the Analyzer Fails the Operator's Check
53
Making Measurements
54
Measuring Devices with Your Network Analyzer
56
DUT Response to an RF Signal
56
Simplified Block Diagram
58
Block Diagram
60
When to Use Attenuation and Amplification in a Measurement Setup
62
When to Change the System Impedance
63
The Typical Measurement Sequence
64
Using the BEGIN Key to Make Measurements
65
Using the
68
The User BEGIN Function (Option Lc2 Only)
70
Measuring Transmission Response
71
Enter the Measurement Parameters
71
Calibrate for a Transmission Response Measurement
72
Connect the DUT
74
View and Interpret the Transmission Measurement Results
75
Measuring Reflection Response
77
Enter the Measurement Parameters
77
Calibrate for a Reflection Response Measurement
78
Equipment Setup for a Reflection Response Calibration
79
Connect the DUT
80
Equipment Setup for a Reflection Measurement of a Two-Port Device
80
Example of a Reflection Measurement Display
82
Making a Power Measurement Using Broadband Detection
83
Enter the Measurement Parameters
84
Connect the DUT
85
View and Interpret the Power Measurement Results
86
Measuring Conversion Loss
88
Filtering out the Unwanted Mixing Product
89
Enter the Measurement Parameters
90
Perform a Normalization Calibration
91
Connect the DUT
92
Equipment Setup for a Conversion Loss Measurement
92
View and Interpret the Conversion Loss Results
93
Example of a Conversion Loss Measurement
94
Measuring am Delay (Option 1DA or 1DB)
96
Enter the Measurement Parameters
96
Calibrate for an am Delay Measurement
97
Connect the DUT
98
Equipment Setup for an am Delay Measurement
98
View and Interpret the am Delay Results
99
Example of an am Delay Measurement
100
Making Measurements with the Auxiliary Input
101
Auxiliary Input Characteristics
101
Measuring Group Delay
102
Enter the Measurement Parameters
103
Calibrate for a Transmission Response Measurement
104
Connect the DUT
105
Equipment Setup for a Group Delay Measurement
105
View and Interpret the Group Delay Measurement Results
106
Measuring Impedance Using the Smith Chart
108
Enter the Measurement Parameters
109
Calibrate for a Reflection Response Measurement
109
Connect the DUT
110
Equipment Setup for a Reflection Measurement of a One-Port Device
110
View and Interpret the Results
111
Measuring Impedance Magnitude
115
How the Reflection Measurement Works
116
How the Transmission Measurement Works
117
Using a Fixture
118
Using Instrument Functions Using Markers
123
To Activate Markers
124
To Turn Markers off
125
To Use Marker Search Functions
126
To Use Marker Math Functions
139
To Use Delta (A) Marker Mode
145
To Use Polar Format Markers
148
To Use Smith Chart Markers
148
Using Limit Testing
149
To Create a Flat Limit Line
151
To Create a Sloping Limit Line
153
To Create a Single Point Limit
155
To Use Marker Limit Functions
156
To Use Relative Limits
162
Other Limit Line Functions
163
Additional Notes on Limit Testing
165
Using Reference Tracking
168
To Track the Peak Point
169
Reference Positions
169
To Track a Frequency
170
Customizing the Display
171
Using the Split Display Feature
172
Enabling/Disabling Display Features
173
Modifying Display Annotation
175
Expanding the Displayed Measurement
180
Saving and Recalling Measurement Results
183
Saving Instrument Data
185
To Recall from a Disk or Internal Memory
189
Other File Utilities
190
To Use Directory Utilities
193
Formatting a Floppy Disk
195
Connecting and Configuring Printers and Plotters
196
Select a Compatible Printer or Plotter
197
Select an Appropriate Interface Cable
198
Connect the Printer or Plotter
199
Configure the Hardcopy Port
200
Define the Printer or Plotter Settings
203
Printing and Plotting Measurement Results
208
To Select the Copy Port
209
Define the Output
210
Using a Keyboard
215
To Connect the Keyboard
215
To Use the Keyboard to Edit
216
Front Panel Control Using a Keyboard
217
Using an External VGA Monitor
219
Customizing Color on an External Monitor
220
Synchronizing and Positioning the Display
222
Optimizing Measurements
223
Increasing Sweep Speed
225
To Increase the Start Frequency
225
To Set the Sweep Time to AUTO Mode
226
To Widen the System Bandwidth
226
To Reduce the Amount of Averaging
227
To Reduce the Number of Measurement Points
227
To Turn off Alternate Sweep
229
To Turn off Markers and Marker Tracking
229
To Turn off Spur Avoidance
230
To Avoid Frequency Bandcrossings by Minimizing the Span (HP 8714C Only)
231
Increasing Network Analyzer Dynamic Range
232
To Increase the Receiver Input Power
232
To Reduce the Receiver Noise Floor
233
Reducing Trace Noise
235
To Eliminate Receiver Spurious Responses
236
Reducing Mismatch Errors
239
Reducing Mismatch Errors in a Reflection Measurement
239
Reducing Mismatch Errors in a Transmission Measurement
240
Reducing Mismatch. Errors When' Measuring'bbth
240
Reflection and Transmission
240
Compensating for Phase Shift in Measurement Setups
241
Port Extensions
241
Electrical Delay
242
Measuring Devices with Long Electrical Delay
243
Calibrating for Increased Measurement Accuracy
244
Measurement Calibration Overview
246
The Calibration Reference Plane
248
Determine if a Calibration Is Necessary
250
When a Calibration Is Not Necessary
250
When a Calibration Is Necessary
250
Choose an Appropriate Calibration Method
251
To Perform a Transmission Calibration
254
To Perform a Reflection Calibration
256
To Perform a Conversion Loss Calibration
258
To Perform an am Delay Calibration (Option 1DA or 1DB Only)
259
To Perform a Calibration with Non-Standard Connectors
260
Writing or Editing Your Own Cal Kit File
262
Save the Calibration
268
Check the Calibration
269
Using Calibration Check for Analysis and Troubleshooting
269
To Perform a Calibration Check
270
Error Term Descriptions and Typical Values
271
Automating Measurements
280
Configuring Your Test System
283
Measurement System Topology
284
Expandability and Large Systems
291
Throughput Considerations
291
Selecting a Measurement Controller
292
Selecting a Programming Language
294
Operator Interaction
297
Prompting the Operator
299
Using Graphics to Create On-Screen Diagrams
300
Data Entry Using a Barcode Reader
308
Data Entry Using an External Keyboard
309
Using the Analyzer's Title Feature
310
Hot Keys on External Keyboard for Common Functions
311
User-Defined TTL Input/Output
313
Using a Foot Switch or Button Box
314
Limit Test Pass/Fail TTL Input/Output
316
Analyzer Port Numbers
318
Output for Large Screen External Monitor
319
Measurement Setup and Control with Fast Recall
321
Using Fast Recall with a Switch
322
Automated Measurement Setup and Control
323
Setting the Instrument State
325
SCPI Commands that Modify a Single Parameter
328
Fast Iterative Control
329
Responsive Communication Using Srqs
331
Using both of the Analyzer's Measurement Channels
331
AUTOST Files
332
Controlling Peripherals
333
Using the Parallel Port
333
Writing to the Parallel Port
335
Reading from the Parallel Port
338
Hardcopy Considerations
339
Using the Serial Port
340
Displaying Measurement Results
341
Graticule On/Off
342
Limit Testing
343
Customized X-Axis Annotation
345
Customized Measurement Channel Annotation
347
Markers
348
Title and Clock
350
Saving Measurement Results
351
Querying Measurement Data
351
Saving the Measurement to Disk-Save ASCII
352
Saving the Measurement to Disk-Save Data
353
Querying Marker Searches
353
Saving Measurement Results to Disk
354
Using Hardcopy Features to Print or Plot Results
355
Custom Data Sheets
359
Statistical Process Control
361
Transferring Files
361
Front/Rear Panel Connectors
365
BNC Connectors
366
Multi-Pin Connectors
368
RF Connectors
374
Display
375
Knob
377
Line Power Switch 1 1 1
378
Display Intensity Control
380
Line Module
382
Power Cables
382
The Line Fuse
384
The Voltage Selector Switch
385
Numeric Entries
388
Specifications and Characteristics
478
System Specifications
478
Dynamic Range
478
Measurement Port Specifications
479
Instrument Specifications and Characteristics
480
Source Specifications
480
Receiver Specifications
484
Typical Measurement Uncertainty
487
Delay Specifications
490
Display Characteristics
492
General Characteristics
493
Front Panel Connectors
493
Rear Panel Connectors
493
Environmental Characteristics
495
Warranty
497
Limitation of Warranty
498
Exclusive Remedies
498
Hewlett-Packard Sales and Service Offices
499
Safety and Regulatory Information Safety Information
504
Cautions
504
Statement of Compliance
504
Cleaning Instructions
504
Shipping Instructions
505
Instrument Markings
505
Regulatory Information
506
Notice for Germany: Noise Declaration
506
Declaration of Conformity
506
Preset State and Memory Allocation
508
Preset and Peripheral States
509
Preset State
509
Peripheral State
515
Volatile Settings
520
Save/Recall Memory Allocation
521
Types of Storage Disks
521
Types of Storable Information
523
How to Determine the Size of Disk Files
524
Memory Usage Notes
526
4
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HP 8712C Specifications
General
Brand
HP
Model
8712C
Category
Measuring Instruments
Language
English
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