HP 8712C - Page 249

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Calibrating for Increased Measurement

Accuracy

Measurement Calibration Overview

DUT

Lzl

CALIBRATION

REFERENCE

PLANE

NETWORK ANALYZER

TEST FIXTURE

REFLECTION TRANSM I

RF OUT

RF IN

ION

pp622c

Figure 6-3. The Calibration Reference Plane

6-6

Main Page

Table of Contents5
Installing the Analyzer17
Step 1. Check the Shipment19
Step 2. Meet Electrical and Environmental Requirements20
Voltage Selector Switch Location20
Protective Earth Ground22
Ventilation Clearance Requirements23
Step 3. Check the Analyzer Operation25
Step 4. Configure the Analyzer26
Connecting Peripherals and Controllers27
Analyzer Rear Panel Line Module and Selected Connectors27
HP-IB Connection Configurations29
Installing the Analyzer in a Rack33
Preventive Maintenance34
Maximum and Minimum Protrusion of Center Conductor from Mating Plane34
Getting Started35
Network Analyzer Front Panel Features36
Front Panel Tour37
Entering Measurement Parameters38
Connect the Filter to the Analyzer39
Both Measurement Channels Active45
Split Display46
Performing the Operator's Check47
Equipment List48
Make a Transmission Measurement49
Equipment Setup for Transmission Measurement49
Verify Transmission Measurement50
Make a Reflection Measurement51
Verify Reflection Measurement51
Connect the Load52
If the Analyzer Fails the Operator's Check53
Making Measurements54
Measuring Devices with Your Network Analyzer56
DUT Response to an RF Signal56
Simplified Block Diagram58
Block Diagram60
When to Use Attenuation and Amplification in a Measurement Setup62
When to Change the System Impedance63
The Typical Measurement Sequence64
Using the BEGIN Key to Make Measurements65
Using the68
The User BEGIN Function (Option Lc2 Only)70
Measuring Transmission Response71
Enter the Measurement Parameters71
Calibrate for a Transmission Response Measurement72
Connect the DUT74
View and Interpret the Transmission Measurement Results75
Measuring Reflection Response77
Enter the Measurement Parameters77
Calibrate for a Reflection Response Measurement78
Equipment Setup for a Reflection Response Calibration79
Connect the DUT80
Equipment Setup for a Reflection Measurement of a Two-Port Device80
Example of a Reflection Measurement Display82
Making a Power Measurement Using Broadband Detection83
Enter the Measurement Parameters84
Connect the DUT85
View and Interpret the Power Measurement Results86
Measuring Conversion Loss88
Filtering out the Unwanted Mixing Product89
Enter the Measurement Parameters90
Perform a Normalization Calibration91
Connect the DUT92
Equipment Setup for a Conversion Loss Measurement92
View and Interpret the Conversion Loss Results93
Example of a Conversion Loss Measurement94
Measuring am Delay (Option 1DA or 1DB)96
Enter the Measurement Parameters96
Calibrate for an am Delay Measurement97
Connect the DUT98
Equipment Setup for an am Delay Measurement98
View and Interpret the am Delay Results99
Example of an am Delay Measurement100
Making Measurements with the Auxiliary Input101
Auxiliary Input Characteristics101
Measuring Group Delay102
Enter the Measurement Parameters103
Calibrate for a Transmission Response Measurement104
Connect the DUT105
Equipment Setup for a Group Delay Measurement105
View and Interpret the Group Delay Measurement Results106
Measuring Impedance Using the Smith Chart108
Enter the Measurement Parameters109
Calibrate for a Reflection Response Measurement109
Connect the DUT110
Equipment Setup for a Reflection Measurement of a One-Port Device110
View and Interpret the Results111
Measuring Impedance Magnitude115
How the Reflection Measurement Works116
How the Transmission Measurement Works117
Using a Fixture118
Using Instrument Functions Using Markers123
To Activate Markers124
To Turn Markers off125
To Use Marker Search Functions126
To Use Marker Math Functions139
To Use Delta (A) Marker Mode145
To Use Polar Format Markers148
To Use Smith Chart Markers148
Using Limit Testing149
To Create a Flat Limit Line151
To Create a Sloping Limit Line153
To Create a Single Point Limit155
To Use Marker Limit Functions156
To Use Relative Limits162
Other Limit Line Functions163
Additional Notes on Limit Testing165
Using Reference Tracking168
To Track the Peak Point169
Reference Positions169
To Track a Frequency170
Customizing the Display171
Using the Split Display Feature172
Enabling/Disabling Display Features173
Modifying Display Annotation175
Expanding the Displayed Measurement180
Saving and Recalling Measurement Results183
Saving Instrument Data185
To Recall from a Disk or Internal Memory189
Other File Utilities190
To Use Directory Utilities193
Formatting a Floppy Disk195
Connecting and Configuring Printers and Plotters196
Select a Compatible Printer or Plotter197
Select an Appropriate Interface Cable198
Connect the Printer or Plotter199
Configure the Hardcopy Port200
Define the Printer or Plotter Settings203
Printing and Plotting Measurement Results208
To Select the Copy Port209
Define the Output210
Using a Keyboard215
To Connect the Keyboard215
To Use the Keyboard to Edit216
Front Panel Control Using a Keyboard217
Using an External VGA Monitor219
Customizing Color on an External Monitor220
Synchronizing and Positioning the Display222
Optimizing Measurements223
Increasing Sweep Speed225
To Increase the Start Frequency225
To Set the Sweep Time to AUTO Mode226
To Widen the System Bandwidth226
To Reduce the Amount of Averaging227
To Reduce the Number of Measurement Points227
To Turn off Alternate Sweep229
To Turn off Markers and Marker Tracking229
To Turn off Spur Avoidance230
To Avoid Frequency Bandcrossings by Minimizing the Span (HP 8714C Only)231
Increasing Network Analyzer Dynamic Range232
To Increase the Receiver Input Power232
To Reduce the Receiver Noise Floor233
Reducing Trace Noise235
To Eliminate Receiver Spurious Responses236
Reducing Mismatch Errors239
Reducing Mismatch Errors in a Reflection Measurement239
Reducing Mismatch Errors in a Transmission Measurement240
Reducing Mismatch. Errors When' Measuring'bbth240
Reflection and Transmission240
Compensating for Phase Shift in Measurement Setups241
Port Extensions241
Electrical Delay242
Measuring Devices with Long Electrical Delay243
Calibrating for Increased Measurement Accuracy244
Measurement Calibration Overview246
The Calibration Reference Plane248
Determine if a Calibration Is Necessary250
When a Calibration Is Not Necessary250
When a Calibration Is Necessary250
Choose an Appropriate Calibration Method251
To Perform a Transmission Calibration254
To Perform a Reflection Calibration256
To Perform a Conversion Loss Calibration258
To Perform an am Delay Calibration (Option 1DA or 1DB Only)259
To Perform a Calibration with Non-Standard Connectors260
Writing or Editing Your Own Cal Kit File262
Save the Calibration268
Check the Calibration269
Using Calibration Check for Analysis and Troubleshooting269
To Perform a Calibration Check270
Error Term Descriptions and Typical Values271
Automating Measurements280
Configuring Your Test System283
Measurement System Topology284
Expandability and Large Systems291
Throughput Considerations291
Selecting a Measurement Controller292
Selecting a Programming Language294
Operator Interaction297
Prompting the Operator299
Using Graphics to Create On-Screen Diagrams300
Data Entry Using a Barcode Reader308
Data Entry Using an External Keyboard309
Using the Analyzer's Title Feature310
Hot Keys on External Keyboard for Common Functions311
User-Defined TTL Input/Output313
Using a Foot Switch or Button Box314
Limit Test Pass/Fail TTL Input/Output316
Analyzer Port Numbers318
Output for Large Screen External Monitor319
Measurement Setup and Control with Fast Recall321
Using Fast Recall with a Switch322
Automated Measurement Setup and Control323
Setting the Instrument State325
SCPI Commands that Modify a Single Parameter328
Fast Iterative Control329
Responsive Communication Using Srqs331
Using both of the Analyzer's Measurement Channels331
AUTOST Files332
Controlling Peripherals333
Using the Parallel Port333
Writing to the Parallel Port335
Reading from the Parallel Port338
Hardcopy Considerations339
Using the Serial Port340
Displaying Measurement Results341
Graticule On/Off342
Limit Testing343
Customized X-Axis Annotation345
Customized Measurement Channel Annotation347
Markers348
Title and Clock350
Saving Measurement Results351
Querying Measurement Data351
Saving the Measurement to Disk-Save ASCII352
Saving the Measurement to Disk-Save Data353
Querying Marker Searches353
Saving Measurement Results to Disk354
Using Hardcopy Features to Print or Plot Results355
Custom Data Sheets359
Statistical Process Control361
Transferring Files361
Front/Rear Panel Connectors365
BNC Connectors366
Multi-Pin Connectors368
RF Connectors374
Display375
Knob377
Line Power Switch 1 1 1378
Display Intensity Control380
Line Module382
Power Cables382
The Line Fuse384
The Voltage Selector Switch385
Numeric Entries388
Specifications and Characteristics478
System Specifications478
Dynamic Range478
Measurement Port Specifications479
Instrument Specifications and Characteristics480
Source Specifications480
Receiver Specifications484
Typical Measurement Uncertainty487
Delay Specifications490
Display Characteristics492
General Characteristics493
Front Panel Connectors493
Rear Panel Connectors493
Environmental Characteristics495
Warranty497
Limitation of Warranty498
Exclusive Remedies498
Hewlett-Packard Sales and Service Offices499
Safety and Regulatory Information Safety Information504
Cautions504
Statement of Compliance504
Cleaning Instructions504
Shipping Instructions505
Instrument Markings505
Regulatory Information506
Notice for Germany: Noise Declaration506
Declaration of Conformity506
Preset State and Memory Allocation508
Preset and Peripheral States509
Preset State509
Peripheral State515
Volatile Settings520
Save/Recall Memory Allocation521
Types of Storage Disks521
Types of Storable Information523
How to Determine the Size of Disk Files524
Memory Usage Notes526

HP 8712C - Page 249

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